学位论文汽车专业 翻译 中英文全telecomauto1103v1contrWord下载.docx
- 文档编号:18025851
- 上传时间:2022-12-13
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:22
- 大小:49.87KB
学位论文汽车专业 翻译 中英文全telecomauto1103v1contrWord下载.docx
《学位论文汽车专业 翻译 中英文全telecomauto1103v1contrWord下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《学位论文汽车专业 翻译 中英文全telecomauto1103v1contrWord下载.docx(22页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
NIGERIANINSITUTEOFTRANSPORTTECHNOLOGY(NITT),
P.M.B.1148,ZARIA,NIGERIA.
E-MAIL:
joshuaodeleye@
Mobilephone:
234-803-5905619
Abstract.
Despitetheindispensabilityofautomobilesinthemodernsocietyautomobiletechnologyisparadoxicallyregardedasoneoftheunfortunatethingstohappentothisgenerationbecauseofitssusceptibilitytoaccidents.And,researcheshaveconfirmedthatover-speedingamongmotorists,isoneofthenotablefactorsthatunderscoredthepersistentofignoblecarnagesonvariousroadnetworksglobally,particularlyinthedevelopingcountries.
Thispaper,thusassessedthefunctionalityandworkabilityofAutomaticTrainsControl/Protection(ATC/ATP)technologyintherailwaysinfutureautomobile.ThisisasafetydevicethataptlycombinesthecomplementaryadvantagesandpotentialsofInformationandCommunicationTechnologies(ICTs)toharnessandenhancesafetyintherailtransport.
Consequently,thispaperrecommendedtheadaptationofATC/ATPtechnologiesinfutureautomobiledesigns,suchthatin-builtICTscomponentsinautomobilewillenhancesafetyontheroadbyalertingand/orwarningvehiclesoccupantsofinherentdangerspromptly,aswellascheckingtherecklessattitudinalpostureandnegativebehaviouraltendencies;
suchasover-speedingthatusuallyleadtooccurrenceoffatalroadaccidents,amongfuturemotorists.
Keywords:
Speed,Safety,Accident,ICTs,ATC/ATP.
Introduction
Globallyautomobileenjoysexclusivepatronageincarriageofgoodsandpeople.Researchattributedthistoitsflexibilityinrenderingdoor-to-doorservicesovertimeandspace.Hence,theimpactofautomobileisbeenfeltinallaspectsofhumansocio-economic,politicalandculturalactivities.
Ironically,automobilehasbeenhighlysusceptibletoroadaccident.Despitetheadaptationofthe“ThreeEs”oftrafficsafetyi.eEducation,EngineeringandEnforcement,therateofglobalroadtrafficaccidentisalarming.AccordingtoaWorldBankreport(2001)itislucidlystatedthatrecentconservativeestimatessuggestthatbetween750,000and880,000peoplediedasaresultofroadaccidentsin1999.Alsoabout25and35millionpeoplewereinjuredinroadaccidentsworldwide,ofwhichupto75%wereinurbanareas.
Interestingly,about85%ofthesewereindevelopingandtransitionaleconomies.Also,theeconomiccostoftheseaccidentsinthedevelopingworldhasbeenestimatedatUS$65billion,whichisapproximatelyequaltothetotalannualaidandlendingoftheinternationalinstitutionstothesecountries.Roadaccidentcurrentlyrankninthasacauseofdeathsworldwideandareexpectedtorisetosixthbyyear2020.Evenmoresignificantly,becausemanyofthepeoplekilledarerelativelyyoung,roadaccidentsalreadyranksecondintermsofreductionsinlifeexpectancy.
Nevertheless,ATC/ATPtechnologyisbeenregardedasasuccorinthemodernrailway,forithashelpedinenhancingsafetyovertimeandspace.
Recently,agitationforATPbecameapoliticalhotpotato,withtheamazingspectacleofdemonstratorsonLondon’sstreetshouting’whatdowewantATP!
ATP!
Whendowewantit!
Now!
AfterLadbrokeaccidentin1999.
(seeRichardHope,2002).Furthermore,by2008ATPismandatorilyexpectedonalltrainsplyinglineswheretrainexceed160km/hrinEurope.
HumanFactorinRoadAccidents.
InanempiricalroadsafetyresearchcarriedoutbyEuropeanroadsafetyexpertsin1998,over-speedingwasrankedfirstamongallothercontributoryfactorstoroadaccidentsinEurope.Inotherwords,highvelocitiesisbeingregardedasthegreatestproblem.
Over-speedinganegativeattitudinal/behaviouraltendencyoftenexhibitbymostdriversgloballyseemstohavedefiedallcountermeasuresalreadyputinplace,particularlysafetyeducationalapproachessuchassafetyjingleonradioandtelevision,printmedias,roadsidebill-board,trainingandretrainingofdrivers,stringentlicensingprocessesetc,inwhichsenseofreasoningofdriversareappealtothroughappealingheadlinelike“SpeedKills”.
Hence,theneedforamorecomprehensiveengineeringapproach,i.eintegrationofATC/ATPcomponentsinfuturevehicles,suchthatitwillcomplementoptimallyandconfigurecollectivelyandeffectivelyinaunitofautomobiletheconceptofThreeE’s(i.eSafetyEducation,EngineeringandEnforcement).
ATCConfiguration.
BasedontheprovensuccessstoryofATCapplicationintheVancouverSkyTrain,itsconfigurationisasfollows:
TheATChardwareisdividedintotwoparts:
theVehicleOn-BoardControl(VOBC)locatedonthevehicleandcomposedadual–processorcomputerthatcontinuallymonitorstheposition,speedandgeneralstatusofthetrain,andtheVehicleControlCentre(VCC)locatedintheoperationsandmaintenancecentrethatdirectsthetrainmovementviatheVOBCs.TheVCCnormallycommunicateswithtrainsatleastonceeverysecondandiscapableofcontrollingupto125trains.IfcommunicationsbetweenaVOBCandtheVCCislostorgarbledformorethan3seconds,theVOBCfail-safemechanismhaltsthetrainbyapplyingtheemergencybrakes.
TechnicalJustificationforATCintheRailway.
Nowadays,nearlyalltracksectionsinJapanuseautomotiveblocksystemsaswellasAutomotionTrainStop(ATS)system.ThisisareplacementfortheoldtokenandtabletsystemsthatsecuretrainsafetybyrelyingmerelyonUnreliableHumanAttentiveness.(Saito,2002).
Ogasaetal(1999),alsostatedthat“Developmentofazero–speedelectricbrakesystemwhichisabletocontrolspeedtozerowillmakeitpossibleforustomakehaltingcontrol,withoutresortingtoothertypesofbrakes,becausetheelectricbrakeisexcellentinresponse.Withazero-speedbrake,thefollowingmeritsaccrue:
⇨Reductionofmaintenanceworkloadinvolvingreplacementofbrakeshoes.
⇨ReductionofthemechanicalbrakingsystemsweightandrealizationofanexcellentAutomaticTrainControlfordeceleration.
⇨Itwilleliminate90%crashescausedbyhumanerrorssuchasmisjudgmentsandinattention.
⇨Itwillcheckaccordinglybothhumanandvehicularnegativetendencieslikehigh-velocitiesovertimeandspace.
OperationalCharacteristicsofATC.
Summarily,whenevertheATCcabsignalshows‘Zero’(Stop),automaticallythetrainwillstop,perhapsasadetectionofdangeraheadofthetrainorbecauseofdriverover-speeding.
⇨TheATCmonitorsthespeedandintervenesifnecessary.
⇨TheATCpreventsthedriverfromexceedinganyspeedlimit.
ExamplesofModalTechnologiesTransferinTransportation.
Transferoftechnologiesfromonemodeoftransporttotheotherisnowadaysprevalentastheconceptofglobalizationcontinuetogainmoregroundinallhumanactivities.AndtheflexibilityinadaptationofInformationandCommunicationTechnologies(ICTs)hasmadepossibletheadaptationofControlTowerintheairtransporttobepossibleinthemodernrailwaytransportinformofCentralizedTrafficControl(CTC),wherebytrainscanberemotelymonitorfromafarbythetrafficcontrollers.
Also,therecentsuccessfulutilizationofGroundPenetratingRadar(GPR)intherailwayintheUSAtodetermineandpredictthecomponentsoftracksub-gradeaswellaslikelihoodofanymishap,duetosub-gradefailure.This,alsocanbelikenedtotheradaroperationintheairtransport.TheseamongothersjustifiedtransferabilityofATCtothefutureautomobiledesignsandmanufacturing.
UpgradingIn-BuiltSafetyApparatusinFutureAutomobile.
Becauseofthealarmingrateofroadaccidentglobally,autodesigners/manufacturersovertheyearhaveoptimallyexploitedsomeoftheinherentpotentialsofICTsinnewautomobile.Forinstance,someoftheunderlistedfacilitiesareprovidedinnewautomobileasawayofenhancingsafetyofvehiclesaswellastheoccupants.Theseinclude:
⇨SafetyEnhancementUnit(SEU).
⇨Impact–absorbingvehiclebodies.
⇨Antilockbrakingsystem(ABS).
⇨Rearcollisionavoidancedevice.
⇨ITS–IntelligentTransportationSystem.
⇨On-boardsensors.
⇨Installationofsensoronroadscomponents
Nevertheless,roadaccidentsonglobalroadnetworkisexpectedtobeonincreaseinfuture,overtimeandspaceasstatedabove.Thisisbecausesomeofthesesafetyfacilitiesfailtohaveultimatecontrolovertheexcessesofthedriversaswellasthatofthevehicle,intermofhighvelocities.Thus,thisexistingsystemcouldbeupgradedbydesigningacomprehensivepackagethatwillhaveanoverwhelmingandabsolutecontroloverthisarbitraryandignobleattitudinalandbehaviouraltendencyofdrivers.Thisproposedsystemisexpectedtoputundercontroltechnicallytheunpredictableandunsafedynamicnatureofmanthatisresponsibleforhighspeed.Inasmuchasspeedlimitcontrol(throughsafetyruleenforcement),aswellashighwayengineeringseemsafailureinthisrespect.
ATCControlUnitInstallationinFutureAutomobile.
Themostdifficultmeasuretoimplementarethoserelatedtoloweringspeedandenforcingspeedregulations,eventhoughsuchmeasuresaremosteffectiveinreducingthenumberofaccident(seeNR&
TR,No.l,2001).
Definitely,thereisgoingtobecounterreactionsfrommotoristsagainstinstallationofATConfuturegenerationvehicle.Thisisgoingtoberegardedsociallyasanirrationalinfringementonindividualrighttochooseappropriatespeedonavehiclethathavehighspeedcapacitybeyondthestipulatedspeedlimit.
However,becauseoftheinherentsafetyadvantagesofATCinstallationinfutureautomobile,theATCcontrolunitcouldbeinstalledinanyofthefollowingfunct
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 学位论文汽车专业 翻译 中英文全telecomauto1103v1contr 学位 论文 汽车 专业 中英文 telecomauto1103v1contr
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)