全备战高考英语完型填空的技巧精讲精练含答案解析Word格式文档下载.docx
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全备战高考英语完型填空的技巧精讲精练含答案解析Word格式文档下载.docx
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解题思路一:
依据首句线索,紧扣主题选择。
首句通常是文章的主题句,通常不设空,便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。
它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。
把握了主题句,对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
①Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,youwouldnotdetectinterestinromanceamongtheartists.51,youwouldseeplentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.Lifeforancientpeople'
searnedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.
51.A.InsteadB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Otherwise
②Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'
vejustwatchedorbookswe'
vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple__51__.
51.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language
解题思路二:
顺应文意,定位选词。
做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到有提示作用的词。
这些词可以是同义词、近义词或反义词,也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。
①Manypeoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjustthe51one.Listeningwellisanactiveexerciseofourattentionandhardwork.
51.A.positiveB.oppositeC.sameD.wrong
②Morethan2,400yearsago,theGreekhistorianHerodotusdescribedtheEgyptianpyramidsandothermonuments.Hemayhavebeenthefirstwritertoconsiderthatremainsand___52___couldprovideinformationforlatergenerations.
③Thecontinuouspresentationoffrighteningstoriesaboutglobalwarminginthepopularmediamakesusunnecessarilyfrightened.Evenworse,it__51__ourkids.
51.A.exhaustsB.depressesC.terrifiesD.exploits
解题思路三:
注意固定搭配,常用句型。
包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。
①ThedepartmentforEducationandSkillswantsto60teachingofmodemforeignlanguages(MFT)atanearlierstageinthefuture.Primaryschoolchildrenwillgetgreater61toforeignlanguagelearning.
60.A.permitB.encourageC.demandD.offer
61.A.admissionB.accessC.chanceD.approach
解析:
教育与技术部门将来打算在教育更早阶段提供外语教学,所以60选D。
61题考查固定搭配accessto的用法,学生需要总结相关access的搭配,haveaccessto或者offeraccessto,to是介词。
②Thatalsoexplainswhyschoolsandcompaniesorganizechallengingtripsandphysicalactivitiesto__62__teamspirit.
62.A.buildupB.putdownC.takeoverD.makeout
③A__60__ofpeoplenowbelieve–incorrectly–thatglobalwarmingisnotevencausedbyhumans.
60.A.mixtureB.majorityC.quantityD.crowd
解题思路四:
注意同形词的辨析。
①Digitalfingerprinting,fluctuations(波动)inthedollarexchangerate,andamassofonlineinformationaresomeofthewaysmakingtraveltotheUnitedNationsin2010adifferent__51___forinternationalvisitorsthanitwasearlierinthe21stcentury.
51.A.experimentB.examinationC.experienceD.excursion
②Atravelerfromacountry__60__intheVWPmustobtainanElectronicSystemforTravelAuthorization(ESTA),anonlinetravelauthorization,establishedbyDHS.ESTAdetermines,beforethetravelerboardsaflight,whetherthetraveleris___61___totraveltotheUnitedStatesundertheVWPandwhethersuchtravelposesanylawimplementationorsecurityrisks.
60.A.perseveringB.previewingC.participatingD.promoting
61.A.accessibleB.acceptableC.availableD.adaptable
解题思路五:
根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。
①EFLteachersoftencomplainthatstudents,despiteyearsofstudyingEnglish,simplywillnotspeakit.They'
retoo__63__makingmistakesofthegrammarormispronouncingwordsinawaythatwould__64__them.
63.A.confidentinB.comfortablewithC.keenonD.afraidof
64.A.amuseB.informC.remindD.embarrass
解题思路六:
利用原词复现或同现,选择最佳选项。
1.在完形填空中,某一词语通常重复出现,使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,从而构成一个完整的意义整体。
①Firstofallhewasawindow-cleanerandinhisfirstweekhemanagedto______sixwindows.
A.rubB.dropC.breakD.clean
2.同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。
一个语篇,一个话题,要求有与之相连的词汇。
1)名词同现:
与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。
如:
school---primaryschool—middleschool—college—universitystudents—pupils—graduates—postgraduates
2)动词同现:
与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。
school—teach—learn—attend—found—dropout—graduate—bedismissed
3)形容词同现;
就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。
在学校这个语境中:
(key)school—(optional)course—(compulsory)course
4)结构同现:
结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。
some…,others;
ononehand…,ontheotherhand;
former…,latter;
so…that;
notonly…butalso;
hardly/scarcely…when…;
nosooner…than…;
beabouttodo/bedoing/haddone/beonthepointofdoing/betodo/bereadytodo/beontheway…when…;
①Iputmyheadin,expectingtheworst.Buttomysurprise,theroomwasn'
temptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew______,dressedneatly.
A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion
②The60Knows
…….Smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.
60.A.NoseB.EyeC.HeartD.Hand
解题思路七:
仔细分析长难句。
找出句子主干,主从句,定语状语等。
①Intoday'
sAmericansociety,highschooldropouthasdaybydaygrownintoabigproblemthreateningsocialandeconomicstability,asmanycasesoffamily___51___oreventragedies,causedbyyouthdropoutaregrabbingheadlinesinmedia.
51.A.objectionsB.conflictsC.establishmentsD.happiness
答案:
B。
长难句分析,第一层是as引导的原因状语从句,主句是schooldropouthasgrownintoabigproblem.后面紧跟动名词做定语。
As从句中caused过去分词作后置定语。
在进行句子分析时,一定注意把定语等找出来。
②Inmanycountries,thelanguageofeducationisnotthesameasthelanguageofthehomefor53themajorityofchildren.Furthermore,inmanycountries,younglanguagelearnerscomprisethemostrapidlygrowingsegmentoftheelementary(primary)schoolpopulation.54Whileinsomeschoolsthereisnoextrasupporttohelpyounglanguagelearnersacquirethelanguageofinstruction,inmostcountrieswheretherearelargenumbersofyounglearners,thereisa___55___awarenessoftheirspecialneeds.
55.A.reducingB.watchingC.growingD.slipping
55题根据前文可以推断出选C.growing表示提高的意识。
可以对这个长句子进行长难句分析:
首先是while引导的让步状语从句。
在while从句中运用了helpsbdosth的结构。
在主句中,where引导的定语从句,先行词是countries.
解题思路八:
仔细推敲,注重逻辑。
做完完形填空题后,要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍,看语法、惯用法对不对;
看是否符合上下文的逻辑;
看是否符合故事情节的发展,以便更正可能的错误选择。
一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的,文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。
作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑,学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解,找到适当的逻辑关系,然后选择正确的过渡词。
学生必掌握常见的过渡词:
1.递进
inaddition,furthermore,again,also,besides,moreover,what'
smore,what'
sworse,tomakemattersworse,tomakethingsworse,worsestill
2.比较
inthesameway,aswith,similarly,equally,incomparison,justas
3.对照
incontrast,ontheotherhand,instead,however,nevertheless,unlike,onthecontrary,while
4.因果
because,becauseof,for,since,dueto,owingto,thanksto,asaresult(of),so,thus
5.强调
certainly,aboveall,indeed,ofcourse,surely,actually,asamatteroffact,especially,inparticular,absolutely
6.让步
although,though,afterall,inspiteof
7.举例
forexample,forinstance,thatis,namely,suchas,inotherwords,inthiscase,bywayofillustration.
8.时间和空间
afterward,after,first,later,then,soon,finally,atlast
outside,near,beyond,above,below,ontheright(left),inthemiddle,opposite,infrontof
9.总结
tosumup,toconclude,inaword,inshort,inbrief,allinall,inall,insummary
表示转折关系:
例1:
asurveyof99greenbuildingsinAmericafoundthatonaverage,theyuse30%lessenergythanconventionalbuildings.…….Thetraditionalapproachoftryingtominimizeconstructioncosts,___58___,canleadtohigherenergybillsandwastedmaterials.
58.A.inreturnB.forinstanceC.bycontrastD.ingeneral
答案解析:
绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30%的能源,与之形成对比的是,传统建筑会导致更高的能源成本及材料的浪费。
所以选C,与上文形成转折对比。
例2:
Thefollowingnumberswouldbe55formostofustoremember.1492178919931848.Butlookatthemin"
chunks"
anditbecomesmucheasier.1492178919931848.
55.A.convenientB.impossibleC.meaningfulD.technical
两句之间的But表明是转折关系,下文出现了"
itbecomesmucheasier"
,所以此空要填的词与easier形成对比,即选B,impossible。
表示因果关系:
___51___itsartfuldesignandsomefancytechnology,itisexpectedtoconsumeupto50%lessenergythanaconventionalofficebuilding.
51.A.InplaceofB.ThankstoC.InspiteofD.Inadditionto
句意是"
由于艺术性的设计及奇特的技术,环保建筑大楼比传统的办公大楼少消耗50%的能源"
,所以此空可得出答案为B。
asurveyof99greenbuildingsinAmericafoundthatonaverage,theyuse30%lessenergythanconventionalbuildings.Soanyadditionalbuildingcostscanbe___57___quickly.
57.A.recoveredB.gainedC.countedD.valued
绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30%能源,所以增加的建筑成本可以很快回收。
"
提示词So,表明上下文为因果关系,所以选A.
表示并列关系:
……improveemployee'
shealthandproductivity,reducelegalliability,and___56___propertyvaluesandrentalreturns.
56.A.involveB.enhanceC.shareD.show
绿色环保建筑能够改善员工的健康及生产力,并且增加建筑的价值及租金回报"
,根据and可看出此空是与前面的improve构成并列。
四个选项中,只有B表示"
增强或提高"
,所以答案为B。
表示条件关系:
Lifewouldbesomucheasierifwecouldrememberthings51.
51.A.effortlesslyB.purposefullyC.exactlyD.carelessly
生活将变的更容易,如果记忆不费力气。
所以选A。
表示解说关系:
thereisnothing61
aboutthesemethods-----theywerearoundeveninancienttimes.
61.A.effectiveB.awfulC.valuableD.new
这些方法没有什么新颖之处---他们在古代就已经有了。
句中的破折号表示解释说明,所以选D。
3、
课堂练习
A、
TwoNewcastlescientistsaresettingthemselvestoopenoureyestothemedicaltruthbyclaimingthatnaturalsunlightmayhelppreventskincancer.
(主旨句)
Dr.RonLaura,professorofhealtheducationatNewcastleUniversity,andseniorchemistMr.JohnAshtonsaidtheirresearchpointstoacomplete__51______(前文提到的自然阳光有助于防止皮肤癌,下文提到防晒霜会引起皮肤癌,前后相反的争议故选用reversal)
oftheacceptedscientifictheory.Theysaidthatsunscreencreamsmayhelpcauseskincancer,theartificialindoorlightcouldbe__52_____(人造的室内光线与自然地阳光光线形成对比,故用harmful)
andthatarange
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