Aucassin and NicoleteWord格式.docx
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Aucassin and NicoleteWord格式.docx
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Roland,"
unrhymedassonantlaisses,butwehavenotthealternationsofprosewithlaissesinseven-syllabledlines.Itcannotbecertainlyknownwhethertheformof"
AucassinandNicolete"
wasafamiliarform--
usedbymanyjogleors,orwanderingminstrelsandstory-tellerssuchasNicolete,inthetale,feignedherselftobe,--orwhetherthisisasolitaryexperimentby"
theoldcaptive"
itsauthor,acontemporary,asM.GastonParisthinkshim,ofLouisVII(1130).
Hewasoriginalenoughtohaveinvented,oradoptedfrompopulartradition,aformforhimself;
hisoriginalitydeclaresitselfeverywhereinhisonesurvivingmasterpiece.True,heusescertaintraditionalformulae,thathavesurvivedinhistime,astheysurvivedinHomer'
s,fromthemannerofpurelypopularpoetry,ofVolkslieder.Thusherepeatssnatchesofconversationalwaysinthesame,orverynearlythesamewords.Hehasastereotypedform,likeHomer,forsayingthatonepersonaddressedanother,"
ainstraistauviscontedelavilesil'
apela"
[Greektextwhichcannotbereproduced]...LikeHomer,andlikepopularsong,hedealsinrecurrentepithets,andchangelesscourtesies.ToAucassinthehideousplough-manis"
Biaxfrere,"
"
fairbrother,"
justasthetreacherousAegisthusis[Greektext]inHomer;
thesearecomplimentaryterms,withnomoralsenseinparticular.ThejogleorisnotmorecuriousthanHomer,orthanthepoetsoftheoldballads,aboutgivingnoveldescriptionsofhischaracters.AsHomer'
sladiesare"
fair-tressed,"
soNicoleteandAucassinhave,eachofthem,closeyellowcurls,eyesofvair(whateverthatmaymean),andredlips.Warcannotbementionedexceptaswar"
whereknightsdosmiteandaresmitten,"
andsoforth.Theauthorisabsolutelyconventionalinsuchmatters,accordingtotheconventionofhisageandprofession.
Norishismattermoreoriginal.Hetellsastoryofthwartedandfinallyfortunatelove,andhisherois"
aChristenedknight"
--likeTamlane,--hisheroineaPaynimlady.Tobesure,Nicoletewasbaptizedbeforethetalebegins,anditisshewhoisacaptiveamongChristians,notherlover,asusual,whoisacaptiveamongSaracens.Theauthorhasreversedthecommonarrangement,andheappearstohavecaredlittlemorethanhisrecklesshero,aboutcreedsanddifferencesoffaith.HeisnotmuchinterestedintherecognitionofNicoletebyhergreatPaynimkindred,norindeedinanyofthe"
business"
ofthenarrative,thefighting,thestormsandtempests,andtheburlesqueofthekingdomofTorelore.
Whatthenamelessauthordoescarefor,ishistellingofthelove-
story,thepassionofAucassinandNicolete.Hisoriginalityliesinhischarmingmedleyofsentimentandhumour,ofasmilingcompassionandsympathywithatouchofmockingmirth.TheloveofAucassinandNicolete-
"
Desgranspainesqu'
ilsoufri,"
thatistheonethingserioustohiminthewholematter,andthatisnotsoveryserious.{2}Thestory-tellerisnoMimnermus,LoveandYoutharethebestthingsheknew,--"
deportduvielcaitif,"
--
andnowhehas"
cometofortyyears,"
andnowtheyarewithhimnolonger.ButhedoesnotlamentlikeMimnermus,likeAlcman,likeLlwyarchHen."
WhatisLife,whatisdelightwithoutgoldenAphrodite?
MayIdie!
saysMimnermus,"
whenIamnomoreconversantwiththese,withsecretlove,andgraciousgifts,andthebedofdesire."
AndAlcman,whenhislimbswaverbeneathhim,isonlysaddenedbythefacesandvoicesofgirls,andwouldchangehislotforthesea-birds."
{3}
Maidenswithvoiceslikehoneyforsweetnessthatbreathedesire,WouldthatIwereasea-birdwithlimbsthatnevercouldtire,Overthefoam-flowersflyingwithhalcyonseveronwing,Keepingacarelessheart,asea-bluebirdofthespring."
Butouroldcaptive,havingsaidfarewelltolove,hasyetakindlysmilinginterestinitsfeverandfolly.Nothingbetterhashemet,evennowthatheknows"
aladisanass."
Hetellsalovestory,astoryofloveovermastering,withoutconscienceorcareofaughtbutthebeloved.Andthevielcaitiftellsitwithsympathy,andwithasmile."
Ohfollyoffondness,"
heseemstocry,"
ohmerrydaysofdesolation"
WhenIwasyoungasyouareyoung,Whenlutesweretouchedandsongsweresung,Andlovelampsinthewindowshung."
ItistheverytoneofThackeray,whenThackerayistender,andtheworldhearditfirstfromthiselderly,namelessminstrel,strollingwithhisviolandhissingingboys,perhaps,likeablamelessd'
Assoucy,fromcastletocastlein"
thehappypoplarland."
Oneseemstoseehimandhearhiminthetwilight,inthecourtofsomechateauofPicardy,whiletheladiesonsilkencushionssitaroundhimlistening,andtheirlovers,fetteredwithsilverchains,lieattheirfeet.Theylisten,andlook,anddonotthinkoftheminstrelwithhisgreyheadandhisgreenheart,butwethinkofhim.Itisanoldman'
swork,andawearyman'
swork.Youcaneasilytelltheplaceswherehehaslingered,andbeenpleasedashewrote.Theyaremarked,likethebowerNicoletebuilt,withflowersandbrokenbrancheswetwithdew.SuchapassageisthedescriptionofNicoleteatherwindow,inthestrangelypaintedchamber,"
kifaiteestpargrantdevissepantureeamiramie."
Thence"
shesawtherosesblow,Heardthebirdssingloudandlow."
Again,theminstrelspeaksoutwhatmanymusthavethought,inthoseincredulousagesofFaith,aboutHeavenandHell,Hellwherethegallantcompanymakesupforeverything.Whenhecomestoabattle-
piecehemakesAucassin"
mightilyandknightlyhurlthroughthepress,"
likeoneofMalory'
smen.Hisheromustbeamanofhishands,nomeresighingyouthincapableofarms.Buttheminstrelsheartisinotherthings,forexample,intheverseswhereAucassintransferstoBeautythewonder-workingpowersofHoliness,andmakesthesightofhisladyhealthepalmer,astheshadowoftheApostle,fallingonthesickpeople,healedthembytheGateBeautiful.TheFlightofNicoleteisafamiliarandbeautifulpicture,thedaisyflowerslookblackintheivorymoonlightagainstherfeet,fairasBombyca'
s"
feetofcarvenivory"
intheSicilianidyll,longago.
{4}Itischaracteristicofthepoetthatthetwoloversbegintowrangleaboutwhichlovesbest,intheverymouthofdanger,whileAucassinisyetinprison,andthepatrolgodownthemoonlitstreet,withswordsintheirhands,sworntoslayNicolete.Thatistheplaceandtimechosenforthisancientcontroversy.Aucassin'
sthreatthatifhelosesNicoletehewillnotwaitforswordorknife,butwilldashhisheadagainstawall,isintheverytemperoftheprisonedwarrior-poet,whoactuallychosethiswayofdeath.
Thenthenightscene,withitsfantasy,andshadow,andmoonlightonflowersandstreet,yieldstoapictureoftheday,withthebirdssinging,andtheshepherdslaughing,inthegreenlinksbetweenwoodandwater.TheretheshepherdstakeNicoleteforafairy,sobrightabeautyshinesabouther.Theirmockery,theirindependence,maymakeusconsideragainourideasofearlyFeudalism.Probablytheywereintheserviceoftownsmen,whosegoodtowntreatedtheCountasnomorethananequalofitscorporatedignity.ThebowerofbranchesbuiltbyNicoleteiscertainlyoneoftheplaceswheretheminstrelhimselfhasrestedandbeenpleasedwithhiswork.Onecanfeelitstill,thecoolofthatclearsummernight,thesweetsmellofbrokenboughs,andtroddengrass,anddeepdew,andtheshiningofthestarthatAucassindeemedwasthetranslatedspiritofhislady.Romancehastouchedthebookherewithhermagic,asshehastouchedthelineswherewereadhowConsuelocamebymoonlighttotheCanon'
sgardenandthewhiteflowers.ThepleasurehereisthekeenerforcontrastwiththelucklesshindwhomAucassinencounteredintheforest:
themanwhohadlosthismaster'
sox,theungainlymanwhowept,becausehismother'
sbedhadbeentakenfromunderhertopayhisdebt.ThismanwasinthatestatewhichAchilles,inHades,preferredabovethekingshipofthedeadoutworn.Hewashindandhirelingtoavillein,[Greektext]
Itisanunexpectedtouchofpityforthepeople,andforotherthanlove-sorrows,inapoemintendedforthegreatandcourtlypeopleofchivalry.
Atlasttheloversmeet,inthelodgeofflowersbeneaththestars.
Herethestoryshouldend,thoughonecouldillsparetheprettylecturethegirlreadsherloverastheyrideatadventure,andthepictureofNicolete,withherbrownstain,andjogleor'
sattire,andherviol,playingbeforeAucassininhisowncastleofBiaucaire.
TheburlesqueinterludeofthecountryofToreloreislikeapageoutofRabelais,stitchedintothecante-fablebymistake.AtsuchlandsasTorelorePantagruelandPanurgetouchedmanyatimeintheirvaguevoyaging.Nobody,perhaps,cancareverymuchaboutNicolete'
sadventuresinCarthage,andherrecognitionbyherPaynimkindred.IftheoldcaptivehadbeenaprisoneramongtheSaracens,hewastooindolentorincurioustomakeuseofhisknowledge.Hehurriesontohisjourney'
send;
Journeysendinloversmeeting."
Sohefinishesthetale.Whatlivesinit,whatmakesitlive,isthetouchofpoetry,oftenderhe
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