高考英语名词性从句用法详解.docx
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高考英语名词性从句用法详解.docx
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高考英语名词性从句用法详解
高考英语名词性从句用法详解
一、考点分析
在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句叫名词性从句。
因此,我们把主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句的高考考点考点引导名词性从句的关联词、名词性从句句法结构、定语从句与同位语从句的区别
二、专题讲解
知识点1)
引导名词性从句的关联词:
1.从属连词:
that,if,whether
①that本身没有意义,在从句中不做任何句子成分。
引导单个宾语从句时,that可以省略。
但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句与形式宾语it并存的宾语从句时,that都不能省略。
如果引导两个或两个以上宾语从句,第一个that可以省略,从第二个宾语从句起向后的从句中的that不能省。
例如:
1.Idon’tthink(that)sheiscoming.(可省)
2.Thereasonisthatheiscareless.(不能省)
3.Thenewsthatourteamwonthematchinspiredus.(不能省)
4.Idon’tthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.(不能省)
5.Hetoldme(that)hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtolivealone.
(第一个可省,第二个不可省)
②.从属连词whether和if
Whether和if是“是否”的意思,在从句中不担当句子成分。
引导宾语从句时(动词后面的宾语从句)二者可以换用,若宾语从句提前只用whether.但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句,及紧跟or/ornot结构或不定式时,只能用whether.
①Hewantstoknowwhetherornotyouagree.
②Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostayornot.
③Hewonderedwhethertoacceptorrefuse.
④Italldependsonwhethertheywilldotheirbest.
⑤Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.
⑥Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.
⑦Noneofthemcananswerthequestionwhetheritisworthdoing.
2.连接代词:
who,whom,what,which,whose及whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever
既保留原意,又在从句中担当句子成分。
既“谁,什么,哪一个,谁的,无论谁,无论什么,无论哪一个”。
以上这些词都是“代词”,因此常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语,不作状语。
注意:
what除译成“什么”,在从句中还可译成“所…的,所…的事物”=thething(s)that/which.
What(pron.)在从句中,必须做成分,常做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语
①Thisiswhattheyareafter.
②Thecityisfardifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago.
③Sheisnolongerwhatshewasfiveyearsago.
④Whatismostimportantinlifeisn’tmoney.
注意:
whatever和whoever,whomever的功能
它们一般可以引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句,并在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
此时,whatever和whoever不含疑问意义。
即whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。
Whomever=anyonewhom例如:
1.ThesepicturesaresospecialthatIwoulddo_______/______________Icantosavethem.
2.______/______________knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.
3.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto_______/______________wantstohaveit.
特别注意:
whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever即疑问词+ever的合成词还可以引导让步状语从句。
此时whatever=nomatterwhat,whoever=nomatterwho,
whomever=nomatterwhom,whichever=nomatterwhich
务必注意这些词引导名词性从句与让步状语从句的区别。
例如:
Nomatterwhat/Whateveryouwant,I'llbuyitforyou.(让步状语从句)
I'llshowyouwhateveryouwanttosee.(宾语从句)
3.连接副词:
when,where,how,why,however,whenever,wherever
既保留原意,又在从句中做状语。
①Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
②Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.
③That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
练习:
1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
2.______surprisedmemostwas______suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That…whatB.What…thatC.That…whichD.What…which
3.______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
4.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
5.WorldAIDSDayisalsoimportantinremindingusthatHIVhasnotgoneaway,and_____therearemanythingsstilltobedone.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
知识点2)
四种名词性从句句法结构
1、主语从句:
(1)作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句做句子主语时主句的谓语常用单数,如:
Howwecangetthereintimeremainsunknown.
Thattheywillgoiscertain.
Whateverhedidwasright.
但当what引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的形式应根据句意确定。
Whatweneedismoremoney.
Whatweneedaremoreexperiencedteachers.
(2)有时为保持句子平衡,常用形式主语it代替主语从句,而把主语从句置于句末,常用以it作形式主语的句型有:
It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,quiteclear,unusual,etc.)+that从句。
如:
Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.
Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.
It+be+名词词组(afact,good news,nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。
如:
It'sapitythatwecan'tgo.
It'snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.
It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。
如:
ItissaidthatMrGreenhasarrivedinBeijing.
ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.
It+seem(看上去),appear(显得),happen(碰巧), matter(关系重大),turn out(结果),occur to sb. (某人突然想起)等不及物动词及短语+that从句。
如:
ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.
IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.
特别注意:
形式主语it与强调结构itis/was…that/who中的it的区别。
①ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.________
②Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.________
练习:
1._________theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.
A./ B.That C.What D.Where
2.________Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.
A.If B.Whether C.Evenif D.When
3._________hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.
A.Whatal
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