积极英语4 测试1012Word格式.docx
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积极英语4 测试1012Word格式.docx
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15.moratorium
16.validate
17.misdemeanor
18.tenacious
19.critics
20.ravage
21.ambiguity
22.大片
23.牵强附会的
24.障碍
25.极度危险地
26.适中(n.)
27.可再生的
28.迷信
29.主要的
30.压缩
31.自愿的
32.有机物
33.毛骨悚然的
34.零排放
35.死亡率
36.替代能源
37.对…造成威胁
38.寿命
39.能源的释放
40.历史的插曲
41.盛行的看法
42.生命的大规模灭绝
43.强制政策
副作用
PartIIreadingcomprehension(13*2=26%)
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.
TheNatureofGenius
Therehasalwaysbeenaninterestingeniusesandprodigies.Theword'
genius'
fromtheLatingens(=family)andtheterm'
meaning'
begetter'
comesfromtheearlyRomancultofadivinityastheheadofthefamily.Initsearliestform,geniuswasconcernedwiththeabilityoftheheadofthefamily,thepaterfamilias,toperpetuatehimself.Gradually,geniuscametorepresentaperson'
scharacteristicsandthenceanindividual'
shighestattributesderivedfromhis'
orguidingspirit.Today,peoplestilllooktostarsorgenes,astrologyorgenetics,inthehopeoffindingthesourceofexceptionalabilitiesorpersonalcharacteristics.
Theconceptofgeniusandofgiftshasbecomepartofourfolkculture,andattitudesareambivalenttowardsthem.Weenvythegiftedandmistrustthem.Inthemythologyofgiftedness,itispopularlybelievedthatifpeoplearetalentedinonearea,theymustbedefectiveinanother,thatintellectualsareimpractical,thatprodigiesburntoobrightlytoosoonandburnout,thatgiftedpeopleareeccentric,thattheyarephysicalweaklings,thatthere'
sathinlinebetweengeniusandmadness,thatgeniusrunsinfamilies,thatthegiftedaresoclevertheydon'
tneedspecialhelp,thatgiftednessisthesameashavingahighIQ,thatsomeracesaremoreintelligentormusicalormathematicalthanothers,thatgeniusgoesunrecognisedandunrewarded,thatadversitymakesmenwiseorthatpeoplewithgiftshavearesponsibilitytousethem.Languagehasbeenenrichedwithsuchtermsas'
highbrow'
'
egghead'
blue-stocking'
wiseacre'
know-all'
boffin'
and,formany,'
intellectual'
isatermofdenigration.
Thenineteenthcenturysawconsiderableinterestinthenatureofgenius,andproducednotafewstudiesoffamousprodigies.Perhapsforustoday,twoofthemostsignificantaspectsofmostofthesestudiesofgeniusarethefrequencywithwhichearlyencouragementandteachingbyparentsandtutorshadbeneficialeffectsontheintellectual,artisticormusicaldevelopmentofthechildrenbutcausedgreatdifficultiesofadjustmentlaterintheirlives,andthefrequencywithwhichabilitieswentunrecognisedbyteachersandschools.However,thedifficultywiththeevidenceproducedbythesestudies,fascinatingastheyareincollectingtogetheranecdotesandapparentsimilaritiesandexceptions,isthattheyarenotwhatwewouldtodaycallnorm-referenced.Inotherwords,when,forinstance,informationiscollatedaboutearlyillnesses,methodsofupbringing,schooling,etc.,wemustalsotakeintoaccountinformationfromotherhistoricalsourcesabouthowcommonorexceptionalthesewereatthetime.Forinstance,infantmortalitywashighandlifeexpectancymuchshorterthantoday,hometutoringwascommoninthefamiliesofthenobilityandwealthy,bullyingandcorporalpunishmentwerecommonatthebestindependentschoolsand,forthemostpart,thecasesstudiedweremembersoftheprivilegedclasses.Itwasonlywiththegrowthofpaediatricsandpsychologyinthetwentiethcenturythatstudiescouldbecarriedoutonamoreobjective,ifstillnotalwaysveryscientific,basis.
Geniuses,howevertheyaredefined,arebutthepeakswhichstandoutthroughthemistofhistoryandarevisibletotheparticularobserverfromhisorherparticularvantagepoint.Changetheobserversandthevantagepoints,clearawaysomeofthemist,andadifferentlotofpeaksappear.Geniusisatermweapplytothosewhomwerecognisefortheiroutstandingachievementsandwhostandneartheendofthecontinuumofhumanabilitieswhichreachesbackthroughthemundaneandmediocretotheincapable.ThereisstillmuchtruthinDrSamuelJohnson'
sobservation,'
Thetruegeniusisamindoflargegeneralpowers,accidentallydeterminedtosomeparticulardirection'
.Wemaydisagreewiththe'
general'
forwedoubtifallmusiciansofgeniuscouldhavebecomescientistsofgeniusorviceversa,butthereisnodoubtingtheaccidentaldeterminationwhichnurturedortriggeredtheirgiftsintothosechannelsintowhichtheyhavepouredtheirpowerssosuccessfully.Alongthecontinuumofabilitiesarehundredsofthousandsofgiftedmenandwomen,boysandgirls.
Whatweappreciate,enjoyormarvelatintheworksofgeniusortheachievementsofprodigiesarethemanifestationsofskillsorabilitieswhicharesimilarto,butsomuchsuperiorto,ourown.Butthattheirmindsarenotdifferentfromourownisdemonstratedbythefactthatthehard-wondiscoveriesofscientistslikeKeplerorEinsteinbecomethecommonplaceknowledgeofschoolchildrenandtheonceoutrageousshapesandcoloursofanartistlikePaulKleesosoonappearonthefabricswewear.Thisdoesnotminimisethesupremacyoftheirachievements,whichoutstripourownasthesub-four-minutemilersoutstripourjogging.
Tothinkofgeniusesandthegiftedashavinguniquelydifferentbrainsisonlyreasonableifweacceptthateachhumanbrainisuniquelydifferent.Thepurposeofinstructionistomakeusevenmoredifferentfromoneanother,andintheprocessofbeingeducatedwecanlearnfromtheachievementsofthosemoregiftedthanourselves.Butbeforewetrytoemulategeniusesorencourageourchildrentodosoweshouldnotethatsomeofthethingswelearnfromthemmayproveunpalatable.Wemayenvytheirachievementsandfame,butweshouldalsorecognisethepricetheymayhavepaidintermsofperseverance,single-mindedness,dedication,restrictionsontheirpersonallives,thedemandsupontheirenergiesandtime,andhowoftentheyhadtodisplaygreatcouragetopreservetheirintegrityortomaketheirwaytothetop.
Geniusandgiftednessarerelativedescriptivetermsofnorealsubstance.Wemay,atbest,givethemsomeprecisionbydefiningthemandplacingtheminacontextbut,whateverwedo,weshouldneverdeludeourselvesintobelievingthatgiftedchildrenorgeniusesaredifferentfromtherestofhumanity,saveinthedegreetowhichtheyhavedevelopedtheperformanceoftheirabilities.
Questions1-5
ChooseFIVEletters,A-K.
NBYouranswersmaybegiveninanyorder.
Belowarelistedsomepopularbeliefsaboutgeniusandgiftedness.
WhichFIVEofthesebeliefsarereportedbythewriterofthetext?
ATrulygiftedpeoplearetalentedinallareas.
BThetalentsofgeniusesaresoonexhausted.
CGiftedpeopleshouldusetheirgifts.
DAgeniusappearsonceineverygeneration.
EGeniuscanbeeasilydestroyedbydiscouragement.
FGeniusisinherited.
GGiftedpeopleareveryhardtolivewith.
HPeopleneverappreciatetruegenius.
IGeniusesarenaturalleaders.
JGiftedpeopledeveloptheirgreatnessthroughdifficulties.
KGeniuswillalwaysrevealitself.
Questions6-13
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?
TRUE
FALSE
NOTGIVEN
ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation
ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
NOTGIVEN
ifthereisnoinformationonthis
6
Nineteenth-centurystudiesofthenatureofgeniusfailedtotakeintoaccounttheuniquenessoftheperson'
supbringing.
7
Nineteenth-centurystudiesofgeniuslackedbothobjectivityandaproperscientificapproach.
8
Atruegeniushasgeneralpowerscapableofexcellenceinanyarea.
9Theskillsofordinaryindividualsareinessencethesameastheskillsofprodigies
10
Theeasewithwhichtrulygreatideasareacceptedandtakenforgrantedfailstolessentheirsignificance.
11
Giftednessandgeniusdeserveproperscientificresearchintotheirtruenaturesothatalltalentmayberetainedforthehumanrace.
12
Geniusesoftenpayahighpricetoachievegreatness
13Tobeageniusisworththehighpersonalcost.
PartIII.Translation(15%)
1.禁止在室内抽烟在生活中变得越来越稀疏平常了。
2.一种开始清理地球的方法就是找到可替换的燃料来源。
该种能源也能达到我们依赖的矿物燃料的可靠度。
3.泰国是一个很值得一去的有趣的地方,但必须记住不要喝自来水,要不然你会生病。
4.行走意味着不局限在体育馆里锻炼---你可以随时行走。
5.直到读到食物和过敏的文章,Angelina才警觉,她儿子的病的可能原因。
(强调句)
PartIVWriting(15%)
Inthepast,manypeoplehadskillssuchasmakingtheirownclothesanddoingrepairstothingsinthehouse,inmanycountries,nowadays,skillslikethesedisappearing.
Whydoyouthinkthischangehappening?
Givereasonsforyouranswersandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.
Writeatleast150words.
Key
44.void
45.devastation
46.intermittent
47.extract
48.sparingly
49.gigantic
50.expedition
51.centenary
52.revolve
53.staple
54.priority
55.radiation
56.compositionally
57.envision
58.moratorium中止
59.validate证实
60.misdemeanor小过失
61.tenacious
62.critics
63.ravage破坏
64.ambiguity
65.大片blockbusters
66.牵强附会的far-fetched
67.障碍obstacles
68.极度危险地perilously
69.适中(n.)moderation
70.可再生的renewable
71.迷信superstition
72.主要的principally
73.压缩compress
74.自愿的voluntary
75.有机物organism
76.毛骨悚然的spine-chilling
77.零排放zeroemissions
78.死亡率moralityrate
79.替代能源alternativeenergy
80.对…造成威胁poseatreatto
81.寿命lif
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