介词加关系代词定语从句Word格式.docx
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介词加关系代词定语从句Word格式.docx
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(payfor)
Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosbforhelp)
ThemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourEnglishteacher.(shakehandswithsb)
(2)依据定语从句中的形容词确定介词,其形容词与介词搭配,构成形容词短语.例如:
ThetwothingsaboutwhichKarlMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.(besureabout)
TheteacherofwhomthestudentsinourclassarefondisMrWang,ourEnglishteacher.(befondof)
(3)依据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词,其先行词往往是暗示时间、所在、原因、办法、工具等的词,它们与介词之间有一定的联络.当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充事先间、所在、原因状语时,可辨别用when,where,why替换.例如:
I”llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)Ijoinedthearmy.
Thefactoryinwhich(=where)hisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.
Idon”tknowthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslate.
(4)依据句子的意思确定介词.有些句子,先行词完全一样,定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的,这时,要依据句子所要表达的意思,选用分歧的介词.例如:
ThisisthepilotforwhomIboughtacamera.
Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.
Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.
1.(2004全国卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_______thesailingtimewas226days.
A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich
解析:
关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立的句子是:
Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.故谜底选A.
2.(2004全国卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'
spartywasagreatsuccess.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
本句主句局部应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'
spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立的句子是:
Mystudentsactedintheplay.故谜底选C.
3.(2004上海卷)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.
A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom
先行词为someone,被关系代词whom替代在从句中作talkwith的宾语,介词with可以放在关系代词之前,identify...as...意为“把……看成……”,故谜底选D.
考点2复杂介词+关系代词
用于此构造的关系代词有which,whom,whose.常常使用于该构造的复杂介词有:
asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等.例如:
Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.
IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided?
考点3复杂介词+关系代词+名词
用于此构造的关系代词有which,whose.介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义.高考考例:
(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:
30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.
A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich
介词by暗示时间的意思是“到那时为止”.这句话的意思是“在办公室里,我似乎直到下午5:
30才有空,那时许多人都已经回家了”.故谜底选D.
考点4the+名词+of+关系代词
用于此构造的关系代词只有which.该构造暗示所有关系,口语中常常使用“whose+名词”替代.非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”.高考考例:
(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
谜底选B.本题就是一个考察the+名词+of+关系代词构造的一个典型例子.这里thepriceofwhich指代thepriceofthevase,谜底也可以是whoseprice.
考点5暗示局部的词语+of+关系代词
此时,指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which.暗示局部的词语罕见的有:
不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,数词(含基数词,序数词,分数和百分数);
数词+名词;
the+最初级/比拟级,以及暗示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter.高考考例:
1.(2004湖北卷)Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.
A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich
谜底为D.thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;
B选项缺少一个连词.
2.(2004辽宁卷)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.
A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat
谜底为A.80%ofwhich指代的是80%oftheshoes.本题意为:
这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的.
“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句罕见毛病我们在学习定语从句时,常常会看到"
介词+关系代词"
引导的定语从句,即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时,常常会呈现五类毛病.现在归结如下:
一、关系词的误用1.ThepersontowhoyoushouldwriteisMrHall.(whom)
2.Ilostthebookinthattherearefivecolorpictures.(which)
3.Thedayonwhenwecansendmenintospacehasatlastcome.(which)
4.Hewentbacktothehouseinwherehewasborntwentyyearsago.(which)
简析:
当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后一般用关系代词whom(指人,如1不成为who所替代)或which(指物,如2.先行词即使为暗示时间或所在的名词,介词后也不能用when或where,如3和4).不外,注意介词from有时依据句意的需要,也可以接where.如:
Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor,fromwherehesawthemantakeaphotoofsomethingonthedesk.他躲在门前面,从那里他看见那团体拍摄了桌子上的什么东西一下.(指frombehindthedoor"
从门前面"
并不是指fromthedoor"
从门"
)
二、拆开从句中极固定的动词搭配5.Hewastheboyafterwhomthewomanhadlookedformanyyears.(whomthewomanhadlookedafterformanyyears)
若将定语从句中搭配极为固定的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语能够会失去它们自己的意义或能够使句子发作歧义,如lookafter,lookfor,dependon,goinfor(迷恋)等短语.
三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配欠妥6.Thefarminwhichweworkedtenyearsagoisn'
twhatitusedtobe.(on)
7.Shewantedtofindthewaywithwhichshecouldmakeeveryonelivemorehappily.(in)
6.onthefarm为习惯搭配,暗示"
在农场"
;
7.in与way搭配,暗示"
用……法子,以……方式"
.
四、介词与定语从句中的谓语局部搭配欠妥8.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'
tasinglepersonfromwhomshecouldturnforhelp.(to)
9.Thisisthetreeinwhichtheboatwastied.(to)
10.Canyoufindanobjectwithwhichyourtoyissimilar?
(to)
8.turntosb.forhelp暗示"
向某人求助"
9.tie与to连用,暗示"
拴/系到……上"
10.similar与to搭配,暗示"
与……相似"
.
五、介词与句子的详细含义搭配欠妥11.Ican'
tremembertheageinwhichIwonthatprize.(at)
12.Thatistheageatwhichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappy.(in)
依据全句意义,11中的age作"
年岁"
解,应与at搭配;
12中的age暗示"
时期,时代"
应与in搭配.
练习:
用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空.
1.Wehavemanylabs,thelargest__________wasbuiltlastyear.
2.Thestrangeforceisgravity__________theearthpullsallbodies.
3.TheEnglishplay__________mystudentsactedattheNewYear”spartywasagreatsuccess.
4.Heofferedusalotofmoney__________wecouldn”tbuythesemachines.
5.Nowwehaveverypowerfultelescopes__________wecanstudytheskies.
1.Idon’tthinkthenumberofpeople____thishappensisverylarge.
A.whomB.towhomC.onwhomD.which
2.Theschoolhas3,000students,_____1,800aremen.
A.whoseB.ofwhomC.thatD.ofwhich
3.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,______wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhich
C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
4.Thegentleman______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.
A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom
5.Shewrotealotofstoriesforchildren,_____thisisoneexample.
A.inwhichB.ofwhichC.amongthemD.ofthem
6.Heofferedusalotofmoney_____wecouldn’tbuythesemachines.
A.withoutwhichB.withthatC.withwhichD.withoutthat
7.Mary,____forhelp,hasgonetoEngland.
A.whoIcangotoB.whomIcango
C.towhomIcangoD.Icangoto
8.Nowwehaveverypowerfultelescopes_____wecanstudytheskies.
A.inwhichB.withwhichC.throughwhichD.bywhich
9.Theman______shewasmarriedwasasoldier.
A.whomB.towhomC.withwhomD.who
10.Tom,____Iwenttotheconcert,isafriendofmine.
A.whomB.whoC.withwhomD.whose
1.YesterdayMr.Lifinallyboughthisownhouse,_______isahospital.
A.inwhereB.totheeastofwhichC.totheeastofitD.intheeastofthat
2.Mybrother'
spurse,_______heput¥1,000,wasmissingonthebus.
A.thereB.whichC.inwhichD.that
3.Thefootballmatch_______thestudentscompetedyesterdaywasverywonderful.
A.inwhichB.whichC.inthatD.that
4.Thereason_______hewaslateagainwasthathewascaughtinatrafficjamintherushhour.
A.whichB.inwhichC.forwhichD.ofwhich
5.Hisglasses,_______hecouldseenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.
A.whichB.withoutwhichC.withwhichD.withoutthose
6.Thecomputer,_______hepaid¥3,000,wasonceownedbyhisuncle.
A.whichB.forwhichC.thatD.tothat
7.Inthepastwelostmanychances,_______wepaidlittleattention.
A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.towhich
8.Thepen,_______Ihadbeenwritingfortenyears,wasbroken.
A.withwhichB.withthatC.asD.withit
9.Maryhastwobrothers,________aredoctors.
A.bothoftheyB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.whomofboth
10.Theproblem_______youarguedaboutyesterdayhasbeensolved.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich
11.Myauntboughtmeabook,thename_______Ihaveforgotten..
A.ofitB.whichC.whoseD.ofwhich
12.OnthewayhomeImetmyfriendJohn,from_______homethethiefhadstolenacomputer.
A.whomB.whichC.thatD.whose
13.Ihatetheway_______youtalktoyourmother.
A.bywhichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.which
14.Atlastwefoundtheholeinthewall_______themousegotintothehouselastnight.
A.inwhichB.whichC.throughwhichD.bywhich
15.Therearethreegirlsintheroom,________isTom'
ssister.
A.thetallestofwhichB.thetallestofwhom
C.tallestofthatD.tallestofwhich
16.I'
llneverforgettheday_______Iboughtmyownguitarwithmyownmoney.
A.whereB.onwhichC.onwhenD.that
17.Sheisjustthegirl,with_______mybrothercametovisitmelastmonth.
A.whomB.herC.thatD.who
18.Lastnightwesawtwomovies,_______wasinteresting.
A.bothofwhichB.neitherofwhich
C.bothofthemD.neitherofthem
19.Thisisthehousein_______Iwasbornthirtyyearsago.
A.itB.thereC.whichD.that
20.Thereasonfor_______hefailedintheexamwasthathewastoocareless.
A.whichB.whyC.thatD.it
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