高考英语语法精讲精练专题九定语从句Word格式文档下载.docx
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高考英语语法精讲精练专题九定语从句Word格式文档下载.docx
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as做宾语一般不省略
副词
when
时间
时间状语
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.
可用onwhich替换
where
地点
地点状语
ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.
可用inwhich替换
why
原因
原因状语
Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.
可用forwhich替换
关系代词和关系副词功能有三个:
①用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。
②关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语;
关系副词可作状语。
③关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who
指人,在定语从句中作主语。
①The
boys
who
are
playing
football
from
Class
One.
②Yesterday
I
helped
an
old
man
had
lost
his
way.
③
That
is
the
teacher
teaches
us
physics.
2.whom
指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
①Mr
Liu
person
(
whom
)
you
talked
about
on
bus.
②Li
Ming
just
boy
want
to
see.
③The
professor
waiting
for
has
come.
④The
girl
often
praises
our
monitor.
注意:
关系代词whom
在口语或非正式文体中常可用who
来代替,也可省略。
The
/
)you
met
now
my
friend.
3.which
指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语可省略。
①Football
a
game
which
liked
by
most
boys.
②The
factory
makes
computers
far
away
here.
③He
likes
read
books
written
foreign
writers.
house
lake
looks
nice.
⑤This
pen
he
bought
yesterday.
⑥The
film
)they
saw
last
night
was
not
interesting
at
all.
4.that
指人时,相当于who
或whom;
指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可以省略。
number
of
people
that
come
visit
this
city
every
year
reaches
one
million.
②Where
morning?
/whom
introduced
me
very
kind.
season
comes
after
spring
summer.
⑤Yesterday
received
letter
came
Australia.
5.whose
通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
①I
visited
scientist
whose
name
known
all
over
country.
②He
friend
father
doctor.
③I
once
lived
in
roof
fallen.
指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
classroom
door
broken
will
soon
be
repaired.
③Do
like
book
cover
yellow?
④Do
关系代词that与which的区别
(一)只用that不用which的情况:
1、先行词是everything,nothing,anything,much,little,none等不定代词或由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰时,引导定语从句用that不用which。
例如:
①Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.
②There
seems
nothing
impossible
him
world.
③There
little
can
do
you.
2、先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。
①ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.
first
place
they
London
Big
Ben.
3、先行词中既有人又有事物时,引导定语从句用that。
如:
①Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.
②Look
and
dog
walking
up
street.
4、先行词被theonly,thevery,justthe等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。
This
dictionary
buy.
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。
HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.
5、当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时,只用that。
①Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
②Which
T-shirt
fits
most?
6、定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时,需用that。
(二)只用which不用that的情况
1、指物,介词后。
IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstgottoParis.
2、用于非限制定语从句中。
Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.
3、先行词是that,those时。
ThatisthebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.
4、一个句子有两个定语从句,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用which。
Isthereanythingthatisnotexpensivewhichwecanbuyforherasagift?
二、theway作先行词的定语从句
比较下列句子,理解关系词,并分析原因:
way
(that/in
which/×
answered
question
wassurprising.
②I
don’t
(that
/in
which)
laugh
her.
归纳:
(1)当关系词在定语从句中作状语时,关系词用inwhich,that或者省略;
(2)当关系词在定语从句中作主语时,关系词用that或which;
(3)当关系词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系词用that,which或省略。
三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
school
(which
that)
studied
famous.
=The
famous.
②
I’ll
bring
here
magazine
(which/that)
asked
for.
=
asked.
③This
(whom/who/that)
played
tennis
with
yesterday.
=This
④We’ll
go
hear
famous
singer
(whom
/who
/that)
we
have
about.
=We’ll
talked.
1、单个介词(in/with/on/by)+关系代词(whom,which)
①ThetwothingofwhichtheyfeltveryproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.
②Aharvesterisamanwhoisharvestingoramachinewithwhichweharvestcrops.
介词确定的依据
A、依从句中的动词,形容词,名词与介词的固定搭配而定;
B、依先行词与从句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定。
2、介词短语+关系代词(which,whom,whose)
常用的介词短语有:
someof,bothof,asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,infrontof,inthemiddleof,atthebottomof,onthetopof,atthefootof等。
①Thereisagreatpaininmyrightfoot,becauseofwhichIcanonlylimpalong.
②Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.
注意:
含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开,如lookafter,lookfor,take
care
of,takepartin,lookforwardto等。
①This
watch
am
looking
for.
(正)
②This
.(误)
babies
nurse
are
healthy.(正)
healthy.(误)
3、单个介词+关系代词(which,whose)+名词
介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯而定。
①HelivedinLondonforthreemonths,duringwhichtimehelearnedsomeEnglish.
②OurEnglishteacher,withwhosehelpwehavemadegreatprogressinEnglish,hascompletedthirtyyearsofteaching.
4、the+名词+of+关系代词(which,whom)结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系。
ThisisthebookthecoverofwhichisdesignedbyMrJones.
=Thisisthebook,whosecoverisdesignedbyMrJones.
5、部分词汇/结构+of+关系代词
(1)all,both,none,neither,either,many,most,few,several,enough,half,some,any,one,two,three,themajority,anumber,theyoungest等。
(2)数词(基数词,序数词,百分数,分数)+名词
(3)the+形容词最高级/比较级
①Herearetwopairsofsocks,eitherofwhichyoumaychoose.
②Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldestofwhomis25yearsold.
loves
parents
deeply,
both
kind
him.
④There
many
apples,
some
gone
bad.
⑤There
forty
students
class,
big
cities.
⑥Hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.
四、关系代词as与which的用法
as
和which
引导非限制性定语从句时,
其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.
和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。
①He
married
her,
natural.
honest,
2.
引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割主句。
引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
另外,as
常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
①As
all,
China
developing
south,
know
accent.
③John,
know,
writer.
④Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.(2012·
福建高考)
⑤He
been
Paris
ten
times,
believe.
当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。
如①Tom
late
again
again,
made
angry.
table
metal,
it
heavy.
3.
当先行词受such,
same
修饰时,关系词常用as。
①I’ve
never
heard
such
stories
tells.
fool
looks.
week.
当先行词受the
修饰时,也可能用
that引导定语从句,但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She
wore
dress
she
Mary’s
wedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。
her
younger
sister
wore.
她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
五、关系副词引导的定语从句
when
指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
still
remember
day
school.
time
got
together
finally
arrived.
③October
1,
1949
People’s
Republic
founded.
where
指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
①Shanghai
born.
years
ago
pulled
down.③I
farm
lot
cows
were
raised
.
④Is
fought
enemy?
3.why
指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
①Please
tell
reason
why
missed
plane.
punished
unknown
us.
unhappy
today.
引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词+which”来替换。
①Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)Ifirstcametothisschool.
②Great
changes
havetakenplacewhere(inwhich)welive.
reasonwhy(=forwhich)herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.
六、一些特殊词之后的where
如果定语从句用来修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,并且作状语,要用where引导定语从句,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”,这种现象叫做地点模糊化。
常见的表地点的模糊化名词还有:
occasion,circumstance,state,degree,extent,stage,le
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