新世纪大学英语课文翻译Word文档格式.docx
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新世纪大学英语课文翻译Word文档格式.docx
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Foralongtimepeoplebelievedthattheonlywaytolearnalanguagewastospendagreatdealoftimeinacountrywhereitwasspoken.OfcourseitisclearthatstudentswhogotoEnglandtolearnEnglishhaveagreatadvantageoverothers,butalargernumberofstudentscannotaffordtodoso.Somestudentsgototheoppositeextremeandthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries.ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalentinanotherlanguageandviceversa,anditisimpossibleforanytranslationmethodtoprovidestudentswiththenaturalformsofalanguageinspeech,letaloneproducegoodpronunciationandintonation.
有很长一段时间,人们认为要学好一门语言,只有去使用那种语言的国家待上一段时间。
当然去英国、美国、或者澳大利亚等国家学英语的学生肯定比那些不能去的学生具有很大优势,但是很多学生支付不起那笔费用。
有些学生走向另一极端:
他们认为可以借助词典在家自学。
如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词(或反之亦然),那就错了。
通过翻译法来给学生讲解口语的自然形式是不可能的,更不要说做到语音、语调地道了。
Agreatdealofteachingisstillbasedonbehaviouristpsychology.Behaviouristsarefondofmakingstudentsrepeatphrasesandmakingthemdoexerciseswheretheycontinuallyhavetochangeonewordinasentence.Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Alargenumberoftheoristsseemtothinkitisapitywearen’t,becauseitwouldmakeiteasiertousetheirmethods.
现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。
行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语,不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。
假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩,那这些方法或许能奏效,可惜我们不是,这似乎让很多理论家引以为憾,否则他们提出的那些方法用起来就会容易得多了。
Inmypersonalopinion,noonecaneverlearntospeakEnglishoranyotherlanguageunlessheisinterestedinit.Humanbeings,unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees,donotlikemakingnoisesunlesstheyunderstandwhatthenoisesmeanandcanrelatethemtotheirownlives.Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication.Whatpeoplewanttosayandwriteinanotherlanguageisprobablyverysimilartowhattheywanttosayandwriteintheirown.Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula.Itmustbereal.
我个人认为,假如没有兴趣,任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。
与鹦鹉或黑猩猩不同,人类不会无缘无故地发出噪音,除非他们明白这些声音是什么意思,并且能将其与自己的生活联系起来。
值得牢记的是:
语言是一种交际手段,人们在母语中怎么说怎么写,用另一种语言表达时也大同小异。
因此,人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西,听的读的材料必须真实自然。
Thereisanotherrelevantpointworthmentioninghere.Weneedotherpeopletotalktoandlistentowhenwecommunicate.Ifwhatwearelearningisstrangetous,itwillbehelpfulifthereareotherstudentsarounduswhocanworkwithusandpractisetheunfamiliarformswithusinrealsituations,talkingtoeachotheraboutreallifeinreallanguage.
还有一个相关的问题值得一提:
在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。
在学习较生疏的内容时,如果有其他学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生的语言形式,用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活,那一定会受益匪浅。
Unit2TheDoctor'
sSon
HaroldEppleywithRochelleMelander
MyparentsmovedtoVermontwhenIwasstillaninfant.Asoft-spokenman,myfathersettledquietlyintohismedicalpracticeinasmalltowncalledEnosburg.Soonthelocalpeopleacceptedhimasoneoftheirown.WordpassesquicklyinsmallVermonttowns.Theyknowgoodpeoplewhentheymeetthem.Aroundtowntheneighborsgreetedmyfatheras"
DocEppley."
AndIsoonlearnedthataslongasIlivedinEnosburgIwouldalwaysbeknownas"
DoctorEppley'
sson"
.
Onthefirstdayofschool,myclassmatescrowdedaroundmebecauseIwasthedoctor'
sson."
Ifyou'
reanythinglikeyourfather,you'
llbeasmartboy,"
myfirst-gradeteachersaid.Icouldn'
tstopBeaming.
Somewhereinthemidstofmyteenageyears,however,somethingchanged.Iwassixteenyearsoldandtheneighborsstillcalledme"
sson."
TheysaidthatIwasgrowinguptobeanhonorableandindustriousyoungman,livinganhonestlifejustlikemyfather.IgroanedwheneverIheardtheircompliments.
IwonderedhowIwouldeverfitinwithmyteenagefriends.Ihatedbeingfollowedbymyfather'
sgoodname.AndsowhenstrangersaskedmeifIwasDoctorEppley'
sson,Irepliedemphatically,"
MynameisHarold.AndIcanmanagequitewellonmyown."
Asanactofrebellion,Ibegantocallmyfatherbyhisfirstname,Sam.
"
Whyareyouactingsostubbornlately?
myfatheraskedmeonedayinthemidstofanargument.
Well,Sam,"
Ireplied,"
Isupposethatbothersyou."
YouknowithurtsmewhenyoucallmeSam,"
myfathershouted.
Well,ithurtsmewheneverybodyexpectsmetobejustlikeyou.Idon'
twanttobeperfect.Iwanttobemyself."
IsurvivedmylastyearsofhighschooluntilfinallyIturnedeighteen.ThenextfallIenrolledincollege.IchosetoattendaschoolfarfromEnosburg,aplacewherenobodycalledme"
OnenightatcollegeIsatwithagroupofstudentsinthedormitoryaswesharedstoriesaboutourlives.Webegantotalkaboutthethingswehatedmostaboutourchildhoods."
That'
seasy,"
Isaid."
Icouldn'
tstandgrowingupinatownwhereeverybodyalwayscomparedmewithmyfather."
Thegirlsittingnexttomefrowned."
Idon'
tunderstand,"
shesaid."
I'
dbeproudtohaveafatherwho'
ssowellrespected."
Hereyesfilledwithtearsasshecontinued,"
dgiveanythingtobecalledmyfather'
schild.ButIdon'
tknowwhereheis.HeleftmymotherwhenIwasonlyfour."
Therewasanawkwardsilence,andthenIchangedthesubject.Iwasn'
treadytohearherwords.
Ireturnedhomeforwinterbreakthatyear,feelingproudofmyself.Infourmonthsatcollege,Ihadmadeanumberofnewfriends.Ihadbecomepopularinmyownright,withoutmyfather'
shelp.
FortwoweeksIenjoyedbeingbackinEnosburg.Themaintopicofinterestathomewasmyfather'
snewcar."
Letmetakeitoutforadrive,"
Isaid.
Myfatheragreed,butnotwithouthisusualwarning,"
Becareful."
Iglaredathim."
Sam,I'
msickofbeingtreatedlikeachild.I'
mincollegenow.Don'
tyouthinkIknowhowtodrive?
Icouldseethehurtinmyfather'
sface,andIrememberedhowmuchhehateditwheneverIcalledhim"
Sam."
Allrightthen,"
hereplied.
Ihoppedintothecarandheadeddowntheroad,savoringthebeautyoftheVermontcountryside.Mymindwaswandering.Atabusyintersection,IhitthecarrightinfrontofminebeforeIknewit.
Thewomaninthecarjumpedoutscreaming:
"
Youidiot!
Whydidn'
tyoulookwhereyouweregoing?
Isurveyedthedamage.Bothcarshadsustainedseriousdents.
Isattherelikeaguiltychildasthewomancontinuedcomplaining."
It'
syourfault,"
sheshouted.Icouldn'
tprotest.Mykneesbegantoshake.Ichokedbackmytears.
"
Doyouhaveinsurance?
Canyoupayforthis?
Whoareyou?
shekeptasking."
Whoareyou?
Ipanickedand,withoutthinking,shouted,"
mDoctorEppley'
Isattherestunned.Icouldn'
tbelievewhatIhadjustsaid.Almostimmediately,thewoman'
sfrownbecameasmileofrecognition."
msorry,"
shereplied,"
Ididn'
trealizewhoyouwere."
Anhourlater,Idrovemyfather'
sbatterednewcarbackhome.Withmyheaddownandmykneesstillshaking,Itrudgedintothehouse.Iexplainedwhathadhappened.
Areyouhurt?
heasked.
No,"
Ireplied.
Good,"
heanswered.Thenheturnedandheadedtowardthedoor."
Harold,"
hesaidashewasleaving,"
Holdyourheadup."
ThatnightwasNewYear'
sEve,andmyfamilyattendedasmallpartywithfriendstocelebratethebeginningofanotheryear.Whenmidnightarrived,peoplecheeredandgreetedeachother.AcrosstheroomIsawmyfather.Isteppedtowardhim.MyfatherandIrarelyhug.Butrecallingtheday'
sevents,Iwrappedmyarmsaroundhisshoulders.AndIspokehisrealnameforthefirsttimeinyears.Isaid,"
Thankyou,Dad.HappyNewYear."
医生的儿子
我还是个婴儿的时候,我的父母亲搬到了佛蒙特州。
我那温文尔雅的父亲在一个名叫伊诺斯堡的小镇上毫不张扬地开业行医了。
很快,当地人就把他当成了自己人。
在佛蒙特州的小镇上,消息传播得很快。
人们分得清谁是好人。
邻居们都称我的父亲为埃普利医生。
我很快意识到,只要我住在伊诺斯堡镇,我就永远只是“埃普利医生的儿子”。
入学的第一天,同学们就簇拥着我,因为我是医生的儿子。
“要是你多少有点像你父亲的话,你就会是个聪明的孩子。
”我的一年级老师这么说。
我忍不住眉开眼笑。
?
可是在我十几岁的时候,事情起了变化。
?
我都十六岁了,邻居们还是称呼我“埃普利医生的儿子”。
他们说我长大了一定会是一个可敬又勤劳的年轻人,会像我父亲那样过着体面的生活。
每当我听到这些赞美,我都很不以为然地哼哼几声。
我不知道自己怎样才能融入我那些少年朋友的圈子。
我讨厌父亲的好名声像影子一样跟着我。
所以当陌生人问起我是不是埃普利医生的儿子时,我会带着强调的口气说:
“我叫哈罗德。
我自己能管好自己的事。
”出于反叛,我开始对父亲直呼其名,不叫他“爸爸”,而叫他“萨姆”。
“你最近为什么这么犟?
”有次争吵时,我父亲这样问我。
“哼,萨姆。
我想你难过了吧!
”“你知道的,你叫我萨姆让我很伤心。
”我父亲大声地说。
“哦,那人人都指望我像你一样,也很让我伤心呢。
我不要完美,我只想做我自己。
”
我好不容易挨完高中,总算满了十八岁。
第二年秋天我上了大学。
我选中了一所远离伊诺斯堡的学校,一个没人管我叫“埃普利医生的儿子”的地方。
在大学里,有天晚上我和一帮学生在宿舍聊起
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