英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案及解析Word文档格式.docx
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英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案及解析Word文档格式.docx
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Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'
saroundtheperimeter(周边)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"
addedCunningham."
WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."
Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'
intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'
thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'
sattitudestowardslittering.
(1)WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?
A.Itcanfrightensharksaway.
B.Itisanoceanexplorer.
C.Itisarubbishcollector.
D.Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.
(2)WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?
A.Thecausesofoceanpollution.
B.Thedangersofusingplastics.
C.Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.
D.Theimportanceofoceanprotection.
(3)WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?
A.Avoidcrashingintoit.B.Breakitintopieces.C.Swallowit.D.Flyoverit.
(4)WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?
A.TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.
B.Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.
C.TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.
D.Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.可知,这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的,故选C。
(2)考查段落大意。
根据第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'
soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.可知,预计到201”6年,海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾,估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上,故可知,本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性,故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的"
可知,配备防碰撞系统,无人机使用激光来探测物体,用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体,如果探测到物体,无人机就会停下来或者后退,故选
A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterways
doesn'
sattitudestowardslittering.可知,这种无人机并”
非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策,需要多措并举,才能达到目的,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科教类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'
soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.
Becauseplasticwasn'
tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.
Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'
slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeckaUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'
sattentionwitharoughestimatebetween5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.
Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的)animalseveryyear.
Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplas-tics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.
Thisisn'
taproblemwherewedon'
tknowwhatthesolutionis,"
saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage."
Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle."
It'
samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.
(1)WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinparagraph1?
A.Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.
B.Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.
C.TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.
D.Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.
(2)What'
sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?
A.Lackingprotection.B.Beingstuckbyplastics.
C.Beingcaughtbyhumans.D.Treatingplasticsasfood.
(3)WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?
A.Somepeopledon'
tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.
B.Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.
C.It'
stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.
D.Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.
(4)Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?
A.Abiologytextbook.B.Atravelbrochure.
C.Anenvironmentalreport.D.Alifestylemagazine.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在,可知作者提到thePilgrims是
为了说明塑料废物对海洋有持久的影响,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.一些明显受到伤”害,被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。
可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。
可知选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“It'
samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutions
andsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题,可推知选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
纵观全文可知,本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。
是一篇环境保护类阅读,因此选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Actingistheleastmysteriousofallcrafts,"
MarionBrandooncesaid.Butforscientists,workingoutwhatisgoingoninanactor'
sheadhasalwaysbeensomethingofapuzzle.
Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.
DrStevenBrown,fromMcMasterUniversityinCanada,said,"
Itlookslikewhenyouareacting,youaresuppressing(压制)yourself;
almostlikethecharacterispossessingyou."
Brownandcolleaguesreporthow15actors,mainlytheatrestudents,weretrainedtotakeonaShakespearerole—eitherRomeoorJuliet—inatheatreworkshop.Theyweretheninvitedintothelaboratory,wheretheirbrainswerescannedinaseriesofexperiments.
OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:
wouldtheygototheparty?
Andwouldtheytelltheirparentsthattheyhadfalleninlove?
Eachactorwasaskedtorespondtodifferentquestions,basedontwodifferentpremises(前提).
Inone,theywereaskedfortheirownperspective,whileintheother,theywereaskedtorespondasthoughtheywereeitherRomeoorJuliet.
Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.
Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.
Theteamsaidtheyalsofoundadditionalreductioninactivityintworegionsoftheprefrontalcortex(前额皮质)linkedtothesenseofself,comparedwithwhentheactorswererespondingasthemselves.
However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan"
pretending"
tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(体现)thetextandlanguage.
(1)HowdidDrBrown'
steamconducttheirresearch?
A.Byscanningthebrainactivityofsomeactors.
B.Bydoingasurveywithsometheatregoers.
C.Byinterviewingsomet
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