《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案Word文件下载.docx
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《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案Word文件下载.docx
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7.“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.”isafamoussayingby_______.JuliusCaesar
8.TherepresentationformofGreekDemocracyis__________.citizen-assembly.
判断题
1.Euclidsays“Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld”.(×
)Archimedes
2.Herodotus’shistoricalwritingisonthewarbetweenAnthensandSparta.(×
)GreeksandPersians
名词解释:
1.PaxRomana
答:
IntheRomanhistory,therecametwohundredyearsofpeacefultime,whichwasguaranteedbytheRomanlegions,itwasknownasPaxRomana
2.“Democracy”inancientGreece
1)Democracymeans“exerciseofpowerbythewholepeople”,butinGreeceby“thewholepeople”theGreeksmeantonlytheadultmalecitizens.
2)Women,children,foreignersandslaveswereexcludedfromDemocracy.
论述题:
1.HowdidtheGreekCultureoriginateanddevelop?
1)Probablyaround1200B.C.,awarwasfoughtbetweenGreeceandtroy.ThisisthewarthatHomerreferstoinhisepics.
2)Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcenturyB.C.
A.ThesuccessfulrepulseofthePersianinvasionearlyinthe5thcentury.
B.Theestablishmentofdemocracy.
C.Theflourishingofscience,philosophy,literature,artandhistoricalwritinginAthens.
3)The5thcenturyclosedwithcivilwarbetweenAthensandSparta.
4)Inthesecondhalfofthe4thcenturyB.C.,GreecewasconqueredbyAlexander,kingofMacedon.Wheneverhewent
4.WhatistheRomehistoricalbackground?
1)ThehistoryofRomedividedintotwoperiods:
Beforetheyear27B.C.,Romehadbeenarepublic;
fromtheyear27B.C.,OctaviustooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustusandRomanEmpirebegan.
2)Twocenturieslater,theRomanEmpirereacheditsclimax,markedbylandarea’sextension:
EncirclingtheMediterranean.
3)Strongmilitarypower:
thefamousRomanlegions.
4)IntheRomanhistory,therecametwohundredyearsofpeacefultime,whichwasguaranteedbytheRomanlegions,
itwasknownasPaxRomana.
5)AnotherimportantcontributionmadebytheRomanstoEuropeanculturewasRomanLaw.
6)Theempirebegantodeclineinthe3rdcentury.
A.Inthe4thcenturytheemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRometoByzantium.RenameditConstantinople(modernIstanbul).
B.After395,theempirewasdividedintoEast(TheByzantineEmpire)andWest
C.In476thelastemperoroftheWestwasdeposedbyGothsandthismarkedtheendoftheWestRomanEmpire.
D.TheEastRomanEmpirecollapsedwhenConstantinoplefelltotheTurksin1453.
第二章
1.___________isbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest.Christianity
2.TheHebrewshistorywasrecordedin_________oftheBible.theOldTestament
3.TheNewTestamentisabout_________.thedoctrineofJesusChrist
4.ThestoryaboutGod’sfloodingtothehumanbeingandonlygood-virtuebeingsavedwasrecordedinGenesis,
Pentateuch,theOldTestament,theBible,whichwasknownas_________.Noah’sArk.
5.TheBirthofJesuswasrecordedin________.Matthew
6.ThestoryaboutJesusbeingpinnedinthecrosstodeathwasknownas_________.TheLastSupper.
7.ThefirstEnglishversionofwholeBiblewastranslatedfromtheLatinVulgatein1382andwascopiedoutbyhand
bytheearlygroupofreformersledby_________.JohnWycliff.
名词解释:
1.TheOldTestament
TheBiblewasdividedintotwosections:
theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentisaboutGodandtheLawsofGod.Theword“Testament”means“agreement”,theagreementbetweenGodandMan.
2.Pentateuch
TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharethefirstfivebooks,calledPentateuch.Pentateuchcontainsfivebooks:
Genesis,Exodus,Leviticus,Numbers,Deuteronomy.
3.Genesis
GenesisisoneofthefivebooksinPentateuch,ittellsaboutareligiousaccountoftheoriginoftheHebrewspeople,includingtheoriginoftheworldandofman,thecareerofIssacandthelifeofJacobandhissonJoseph.
4.Exodus
ExodusisoneofthefivebooksinPentateuch,ittellsaboutareligioushistoryoftheHebrewsduringtheirflightfromEgypt,theperiodwhentheybegantoreceiveGod’sLaw.JoshuabroughtthepeoplesafelybacktoCanaan.
5.TheBookofDaniel
TheBookofDanielbelongstoTheOldTestamentoftheBible.IttellsabouttheHebrewsbeingcarriedawayintoBabylon.
论述简答题:
1.WhatarethebeliefsofChristianity?
Christianitybaseditselfontwoforcefulbeliefswhichseparateitfromallotherreligions.
1)OneisthatJesusChrististheSonofGod,andthatGodsenthimtoearthtoliveashumanslive,sufferashumanssuffer,anddietoredeemmankind.
2)TheotheristhatGodgavehisonlybegottenson,sothatwhosoeverbelievesinhimshouldnotperish,buthaveeverlastinglife.
2.WhatarethedifferenttranslationeditionsoftheBible?
1)TheoldestextantGreektranslationoftheOldTestamentisknownastheSeptuagint.AnditisstillinuseintheGreekChurchtoday.ButitonlytranslatedtheOldTestament.
2)ThemostancientextantLatinversionofthewholeBibleistheVulgateedition,whichwasdonein385-405A.D.BySt.Jeromeincommonpeople’slanguage.ItbecametheofficialBibleoftheRomanCatholicChurchthroughouttheworld.
3)ThefirstEnglishversionofwholeBiblewastranslatedfromtheLatinVulgatein1382andwascopiedoutbyhandbytheearlygroupofreformersledbyJohnWycliff.
4)AfterJohnWycliff’sversion,appearedWilliamTyndale’sversion.ItwasbasedontheoriginalHebrewandGreeksources.
5)TheGreatBibleorderedbyHenryⅧin1539tobeplacedinalltheEnglishchurcheswasinpartfoundedonTyndale’swork.
6)ThemostimportantandinfluentialofEnglishBibleisthe“Authorized”or“KingJames”version,firstpublishedin1611.Itwasproducedby54biblicalscholarsatthecommandofKingJames.Withitssimple,majesticAnglo-Saxontongue,itisknownasthegreatestbookintheEnglishlanguages.
7)TheRevisedVersionappearedin1885,andthestandardAmericaneditionoftheRevisedVersionin1901.
8)TheGoodNewsBibleandtheNewEnglishBible.
3.Whatisthegreatsignificanceofthetranslationsofthebible?
1)ItisgenerallyacceptedthattheEnglishBibleandShakespearearetwogreatreservoirsofModernEnglish.
2)Miltion’sParadiseLost,Bunyan’sPilgrim’sProgress,Byron’sCain,uptothecontemporaryHemingway’sTheSunAlsoRises,andSteinbeck’sEastofEden.TheyarenotinfluencedwithouttheeffectoftheBible.
第三章
1.In_______aGermanic(日耳曼)generalkilledthelastRomanemperorandtookcontrolofthegovernment.476
2.After1054,thechurchwasdividedinto_________and_______.theRomanCatholicChurchandtheEasternOrthodoxChurch.
3._______istheonewhotranslatedintoLatinbothOldandNewTestamentfromtheHebrewandGreekoriginals.St.Jerome
4.______introducedFrenchandItalywritingtheEnglishnativealliterativeverse.
5.Both___________arethebestrepresentativeofthemiddleEnglish.ChaucerandTheCanterburyTales
6._________pavedthewayforthedevelopmentofwhatisthepresent-dayEuropeanculture.theMiddelAges
名词解释
1.theMiddleages
InEuropeanhistory,thethousand-yearperiodfollowingthefalloftheWesternRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyiscalledtheMiddleAges.Themiddleagesissocalledbecauseitcamebetweenancienttimesandmoderntimes.Tobespecific,fromthe5thcenturyto15thcentury.
2.Feudalism
FeudalisminEuropewasmainlyasystemoflandholding—asystemofholdinglandinexchangeformilitaryservice.Theword“feudalism”wasderivedfromtheLatin“feudum”,agrantofland.
3.TheManor
Thecentreofmedievallifeunderfeudalismwasthemanor.Manorswerefoundedonthefiefsofthelords.Bythetwelfthcenturymanorhousesweremadeofstoneanddesignedasfortresses.Theycametobecalledcastles.
4.CarolingianRenaissance
CarolingianRenaissanceisderivedfromCharlemagne’snameinLatin,Carolus.ThemostinterestingfacetofthisratherminorrenaissanceisthespectacleofFrankishorGermanicstatereachingouttoassimilatetherichesoftheRomanClassicalandtheChristianizedHebraicculture.
5.Gothic
1)TheGothicstylestartedinFranceandquicklyspreadthroughallpartsofWesternEurope.
2)Itlastedfromthemid-12thtotheendof15thcenturyand,insomeareas,intothe16th.Morechurcheswerebuiltinthismannerthaninanyotherstyleinhistory.
3)TheGothicwasanoutgrowthoftheRomanesque.
1.WhyisthemiddleagesiscalledAgeofFaith?
1)DuringtheMedievaltimestherewasnocentralgovernmenttokeeptheorder.TheonlyorganizationthatseemedtouniteEuropewastheChristianchurch.
2)TheChristianchurchcontinuedtogainwidespreadpowerandinfluence.
3)IntheLatemiddleages,almosteveryoneinwesternEuropewasaChristianandamemberoftheChristianChurch.Christianitytooktheleadinpolitics,law,art,andlearningforhundredsofyears.
4)Itshapedpeople’slives.Thatiswhythemiddleagesisalsocalledthe“AgeofFaith”.
2.WhatisthegreatsignificanceoftheCrusades?
1)ThecrusadesbroughttheEastintoclosercontactwith
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