小学英语词汇学习Word文件下载.docx

小学英语词汇学习Word文件下载.docx

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2.EarlyAchievementsofAssociative-memorizingApproach4

3.TheApplicationofAssociative-memorizingApproachinLearningEnglishWords7

3.1SemanticAssociation8

3.2ContextAssociation11

3.3PronunciationAssociation12

3.4WordFormAssociation12

4.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofAssociative-memorizingApproach14

4.1TheAdvantagesofAssociative-memorizingApproach14

4.2DisadvantagesofAssociative-memorizingApproach15

5.Conclusion17

Bibliography19

Associative-memorizingApproachandItsApplicationin

LearningEnglishWords

词汇学习是英语学习的一个重要组成部分。

在英语的学习中，英语单词的记忆方法就显得尤为重要。

近几年，探索新的单词记忆方法成为了人们关注的问题之一，联想记忆法也已经引起了许多教育家们的注意。

本文将介绍有关联想记忆法的理论及其在英语词汇学习中的应用。

首先，简单介绍联想记忆法的基本原理及几种早期的研究成果，并从中发现联想这一心理活动的涉及面之广，已经渗入到很多方法中。

第二，从语音联想，语义联想，语境联想和词形联想四方面展开介绍联想记忆法的应用。

第三，指出联想记忆单词的优点和不足之处,应在哪些方面改进。

关键词:

英语学习；

联想记忆法；

英语词汇

Abstract:

Vocabularylearningisoneofthemostimportantcomponentsinlearningaforeignlanguage.InEnglishteaching,itisimportanttomastersomewaysofrememberingEnglishwords.Duringtheseyears,oneofourconcernsistofindoutanewapproach.，andassociative-memorizingapproachhasattractedmuchattentionfromeducationists.Thisthesiswillintroducethetheoryandtheapplicationofassociative-memorizingapproachinlearningEnglishwords.Thefirstpartisanintroductionofseveralresearchachievementsintheearlytimeandfindfromthatassociationpossessessuchawidescopethatithaspermeatedintomanykindsoflearningstrategies.ThesecondpartisanintroductionoftheapplicationinlearningEnglishwordsinfouraspectsindetail,whicharepronunciationassociation，semanticassociation,contextassociationandwordformassociation.Thelastpartisananalysisoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthiskindofapproach;

theauthorpointouthowtoimprovethismethod.

Keywords:

Englishlearning；

associative-memorizingapproach;

Englishwords

1.Introduction

1.1ThePresentSituationofWord-learninginMiddleSchools

Englishteachinginourcountryhasalonghistoryofmorethan100years.Duringtheseyears,Englishteachinghasgotunprecedentedspecialattention.Teachingandlearningmethodshavemadeevidentprogress.Moreover,asoneofthemostimportantcomponentofEnglishteaching,word-teachingmethodalsounderwentgreatchangefromtheverybeginning.Butastothetopicofword-memorizing,whichdeeplyaffectedbytraditionalteachingmethodfromancientChinese,rotelearningthatmemorizeswordsfromlefttorightletterbyletterstilldominatedourEnglishclass.Mostoftheteachersstilladoptsuchamethod.Theteachersalwaysaskthestudentstoreadthenewwordlistloudlyonebyoneandspellthem.ThentheywouldgivetheChineseexplanationofwordstostudents.Athome,parentswhowishtheirchildrentobea“dragon”oftenopenthetextbooktofindthewordlistandreadtheChinesecharacterstoaskhimorhertowritedowntheequivalentwordsinEnglish.Andthencomparewhatheorshewriteswiththewordlistofthetextbook，toseewhethertheyarerightornot．Thisisreallypainstakingeffort．Asistheparents’behavior，it'

scomprehensible．However，ifateacheraskhisorherstudentstomemorizewords“onetoone”inamechanicalwayinclass，itwouldbeaninferiorstrategy．Thismethodwasnotonlytime-consumingbutalsoineffective.Oftenwehearsuchthings：

ateacherpunishessomeofhisstudentsbyaskingthemtocopynewwordsquiteafewtimes，thisisnodoubttoforcestudentstorememberthewordswithoutanyconveniencebyassignmentsofmechanicalandsimplerepetition-punitiveassignments．Theresultisnotsatisfactoryonlybecausethestudentsareobligedtodealwithitinactivelywithnointerestsandnopleasure.Theyfeelfrustrated.

TherequirementsforVocabularyof“thenewhighschoolEnglishCurriculumStandard”：

Firstly,theuseofvocabularycomprehensionandexpressionofdifferentfunction,intentionandattitudeetc.Secondly,usethevocabularytonamethings,forreference,todescribethebehaviorandcharacteristics,developideasandetcincomplexcases.Thirdly,learntouseabout3300wordsand400—500idiomsorfixedcollocation.Allofthisisbasedontheunderstandingandmemorizingofwordsandphrases.In2006,theEducationalCommissionaccordingtothesurvey：

86.3﹪ofthestudentssupportthe“thewords”isthekeytolearnEnglishwell,96.3﹪ofthestudentsfailedtofindagoodwaytorememberwords.SowethinkthemainreasonforlearnEnglishwellistorememberEnglishwords.Andthewrongmethodofrememberwordsisthemostimportantreason.ThecurrenthighschoolstudentsorChineseCommonlyusedmethodismechanicalmemory.Thismethodreflectedtheproblems:

bringtheEnglishwordsspellingcan’tdevelopeffectivecontactwiththeChinese,puthighenergyintoinefficientforgetalotbefore.LotsofstudentslosttheconfidenceoflearningEnglishbecauseofrememberwords.Theeagertohaveascientificmethodtohelpthemsolvetheproblemofremembervocabularyintheshortesttime,andtomakeEnglishlearningintothefastway.

Astoalloftheseniorhighschoolstudents,theyfaceachallengethathowtomemorizeandexpandEnglishvocabularyquicklyandefficiently. 

InordertomasterEnglishsuccessfully,theyhavetorecitethousandsofwordsfromthefirstgrade.However,throughmechanicalrepetitionandmemorization,theyfeltboredtorecitethosewordsand,what’sworse,theythenforgetthemsoquickly. 

Thatisthereasonwhysomeorevenmanyofthemquit.Notknowinganytipsthatcanhelptorecitevocabulary,mostofthemjustrecitethem.Eventhoughtheyknowtheimportanceofvocabulary,theyjustdonotknowhowtodealwithit.Franklyspeaking,itisnotaneasyjobtoexpandourvocabularywithoutusefulskillsorstrategies. 

ItisextremelyimportanttolearnhowtomakeuseofeffectivestrategiestomemorizevocabularyitemsandthuslearntoenjoylearningEnglish.

WeallknowthatEnglishwordsaredifficulttorememberastelephonenumbersbecausetheyarecomposedofisolateletterswithoutanyrelation.Fromtheviewofmodernpsychology,traditionalword-memorizingmethodisnotscientificbecauseofneglectingtherelationbetweenwordsintheprocessofmemorizing.Studentsfeelboredanddisgustedwithsuchamethod.ThisobsoletememorizingmethodseverelyhinderstheimprovementofEnglishteaching.Learnersdifferfromeachother.Somehavetoseewordswrittendowntorememberit,somecanrememberwordsbylisteningandrepeatingaloud,someneedtowritethewordsseveraltimestoretainit,andstillsomefinditefficienttolearnvocabularybytopic.Butanyway,researchhasshownthatlearners,wholearninacontrolledway,i.e.usingspecialstrategies,performed50percentbetterinretentionteststhanwhentheyhavestudiedrandomwordlist.Moreover,whetherwecangetsatisfactoryresultinlearningEnglishhasacloserelationwiththemethodofmemorizingwords,thelargerones’vocabularyis,thesmallerobstacleheorshewouldconfrontedwith.Thus,tryingtofindoriginalandnovelword-memorizingapproachesbecametheconcernofmanypeople.

1.2TheBasicTheoryofAssociative-memorizingApproach

Associative-memorizingapproachhasattractedmuchattentionduringtheseyears.Associationisapsychologicalprocessinwhichpeoplemayimaginetherelevantimageswhentheyareexposedtosomestimuli.Memorizationisacomplicatedprocessofphysiologyandpsychology.Associative-memorizingapproachisakindofstrategythatusesassociatingtopromotetheeffectofmemorizingactivity.Psycholinguistssaidthat,Englishwordsarestoredinourbrainincategories.Ourmindisacomplexwebofinterconnectedthoughtsandwhenonethingiscalledtomind,relatedconceptsareautomaticallytriggered.Wecan’thearthename“Romeo”withoutthinking“Juliet”.Drinkingcafé

withacroissantimmediatelyremindsusofParis.Sowecanseethatmanywordshavecloserelationinmeaning,form,pronunciationandsoon.Thisapproachjustrelatedonewordwithanothertoformamemorychain.Solongasyourememberonewordofthechain,youcanrecallothers.Inlinguistics,Saussureoriginallyusedassociativetoillustratearelationholdingelementsreplaceablewitheachotherataparticularplaceinastructure,orbetweenoneelementspresentandtheotherabsent.Inforeignlanguagelearningresearch,mostexpertstendtochoosetheformerdefinition.Associative-memorizingapproachbroketheroutinemethodforthefirsttime,whichmadethequantityofwordsthatcanbememorizedincreasedfromabout10to100eachtime.Theefficiencywillbeimprovedwiththehelpoftheknowledgeofword-formationandassociation.Next,theauthorwillintroducesomeearlyachievementsinthisfield.

2.EarlyAchievementsofAssociative-memorizingApproach

Thefirstoneiscalledvocabularystorage.Educationistsaidthat,asanimportantaspectofautonomouslearning,learnersshoulddeveloptheirownpersonallearningstylesinmemorizingandretainingnewwordstostoretheirvocabulary.Wordsetsandwordassociationsaregenerallyconsideredtobeeffectiveinretentionandrecall.EllisandSinclairillustratethepointbymappinganetworkofthewordpolitics:

PoliticalParties

PoliticalBox

PollingStation

LeftWing

Rightwing

Policy

Election

ToVote

Politics

Parliament

politician

HouseofCommons

HouseofLords

Lobby

PrimeMinister

RatifyLaws

Scandal

MembersofParliament

Mini