曼昆《经济学原理》宏观第五版测试题库 25Word文档格式.docx
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曼昆《经济学原理》宏观第五版测试题库 25Word文档格式.docx
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NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
ProductivityandgrowthTOP:
Economicgrowth
MSC:
Definitional
2.Overtheperiod1870-2006,theUnitedStatesexperiencedanaverageannualgrowthrateofrealGDPperpersonofabout4percentperyear.
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3.In2006,incomeperpersonintheUnitedStateswasabout12timesthatinIndia.
TDIF:
4.Overtheperiod1900-2006,Brazil’srateofeconomicgrowthexceededthatofChina.
2REF:
5.Ifacountryhasahigherlevelofproductivitythananother,thenitalsohasahigherlevelofrealGDP.
Productivity
Analytical
6.InternationaldataonrealGDPperpersongiveusasenseofhowstandardsoflivingvaryacrosscountries.
RealGDP
7.RealGDPperpersoninrichcountries,suchasGermany,issometimesmorethan10timesthatofpoorcountrieslikePakistan.
Standardofliving
8.BoththestandardoflivingandthegrowthofrealGDPperpersonvarywidelyacrosscountries.
Productivityandgrowth
TOP:
Standardofliving|RealGDPMSC:
9.Iftheycouldincreasetheirgrowthratesslightly,countrieswithlowincomewouldcatchupwithrichcountriesinabouttenyears.
Economicgrowth|Catch-upeffectMSC:
Interpretive
10.IntheUnitedStatesrealGDPperpersonisabout$44,000,whileinsomepoorcountriesrealGDPperpersonislessthan$3,000.
11.Althoughgrowthratesacrosscountriesvarysome,rankingsofcountriesbyincomeremainprettymuchthesameovertime.
12.InternationaldataonthehistoryofrealGDPgrowthratesshowsthatoverthelast100yearsorso,richcountriesgotricherandpoorcountriesgotpoorer.
13.Productivitycanbecomputedasnumberofhoursworkeddividedbyoutput.
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14.Indonesians,forexample,havealowerstandardoflivingthanAmericansbecausetheyhavealowerlevelofproductivity.
Productivity|StandardoflivingMSC:
15.IfCountryAproduces6,000unitsofgoodsandservicesusing600hoursoflabor,andifCountryBproduces5,000unitsofgoodsandservicesusing450unitsoflabor,thenproductivityishigherinCountryBthaninCountryA.
Applicative
16.Likephysicalcapital,humancapitalisaproducedfactorofproduction.
Physicalcapital|HumancapitalMSC:
17.Humancapitalisthetermeconomistsusetorefertotheknowledgeandskillsthatworkersacquirethrougheducation,training,andexperience.
Humancapital
18.Aforestisanexampleofanonrenewableresource.
Naturalresources
19.Historicaltrendsinthepricesofmostnaturalresourcescomparedtopricesofothergoodsindicatethatnaturalresourceshavebecomescarcerovertime.
20.Itispossibleforacountrywithoutalotofdomesticnaturalresourcestohaveahighstandardofliving.
Naturalresources|StandardoflivingMSC:
21.Constantreturnstoscaleisthepointonaproductionfunctionwhereincreasinginputswillnolongerincreaseoutput.
Constantreturnstoscale
22.Ascapitalperworkerrises,outputperworkerrises.However,theincreaseinoutputperworkerfromanadditiontocapitalissmaller,thelargeristheexistingamountofcapitalperworker.
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Productionfunction
23.AnincreaseinthesavingratedoesnotpermanentlyincreasethegrowthrateofrealGDPperperson.
Savingrate
24.Otherthingsthesame,anotherunitofcapitalwillincreaseoutputbymoreinapoorcountrythaninarichcountry.
Productivity|DiminishingreturnsMSC:
25.Thecatch-upeffectreferstotheideathatpoorcountries,despitetheirbestefforts,arenotlikelyevertoexperiencetheeconomicgrowthratesofwealthiercountries.
Catch-upeffect
26.TwocountrieswiththesamesavingratesmusthavethesamegrowthrateofrealGDPperperson.
Savingrate|Catch-upeffect
27.WhenAmericansinvestinRussia,theincomeofRussians(thatis,RussianGNP)risesbymorethandoesproductioninRussia(thatis,RussianGDP).
3REF:
Foreigninvestment
28.Ifyourcompanyopensandoperatesabranchinaforeigncountry,youwillbeengaginginforeigndirectinvestment.
InternationaltradeandfinanceTOP:
29.Investmentinhumancapitalhasopportunitycosts,butinvestmentinphysicalcapitaldoesnot.
Opportunitycosts|Humancapital|PhysicalcapitalMSC:
30.Incentivesforparentstosendtheirchildrentoschool,suchassmallmonthlypaymentstoparentsiftheirchildrenhaveregularattendance,appeartoincreaseschoolattendance.
31.Acountrythatmadeitscourtslesscorruptanditsgovernmentmorestablewouldlikelyseeitsstandardoflivingrise.
Propertyrights
32.Ifacountrymadeiteasierforpeopletoestablishandprovetheownershipoftheirproperty,realGDPperpersonwouldlikelyrise.
33.Economistsgenerallybelievethatinward-orientedpoliciesaremorelikelytofostergrowththanoutwardorientedpolicies.
Tradepolicy
34.Ifarichcountryreducedsubsidiestodomesticproducerswhoproducegoodsforwhichpoorcountrieshaveacomparativeadvantage,thestandardoflivinginthesepoorcountrieswouldlikelyrise.
35.Onereasonthatgovernmentsmayfinditusefultosponsoruniversitiesandbasicresearchisthattoalargeextentknowledgeisgenerallyaprivategood.
Publicgoods
36.Thepopulationgrowthratetendstobehigherindevelopedcountriesthanindevelopingcountries.
Populationgrowth
37.Incountrieswherewomenarediscriminatedagainst,policiesthatincreasethelikelihoodofcareersuccessandeducationalopportunitiesforwomenarelikelytodecreasethebirthrate.
38.Countrieswithhighpopulationgrowthratestendtohavelowerlevelsofeducationalattainment.
39.StudiesconfirmthatcontrollingforothervariablessuchasthepercentageofGDPdevotedtoinvestment,poorcountriestendtogrowatafasterratethanrichcountries.
40.Anincreaseincapitalincreasesproductivityonlyifitispurchasedandoperatedbydomesticresidents.
41.Otherthingsthesame,aneconomy’sfactorsofproductionarelikelytobeusedmoreeffectivelyifthereisaneconomywider
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