工程地质学专业词汇.docx

工程地质学专业词汇.docx

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工程地质学专业词汇工程地质学专业词汇英汉工程地质学专业词汇（与双语教学讲义EngineeringGeology配套使用）黄雨选编同济大学地下建筑与工程系2009.10编写说明为了配合同济大学土木工程专业工程地质学双语教学改革的需要，我们于2009年，从F.G.Bell所编著的EngineeringGeology（Secondedition2007）及TonyWaltham所编著的FoundationsofEngineeringGeology（Secondedition2001）两本书中选编了与工程地质学关系较密切的部分专业词汇，以英汉对照的形式刊出，便于学生使用。

以求对学生在双语教学课堂和课后学习时有所帮助。

使用过程中若发现不当之处，欢迎多提批评和建议，以便及时补充更正。

编者2009年10月ContentsChapter1Introduction.1Chapter2RockTypesandStratigraphy1Chapter3GeologicalStructure4Chapter4SoilEngineeringPropertiesandClassification5Chapter5Groundwater7Chapter6Themainengineeringgeologyproblemsincivilengineering8chapter7In-situtest10Chapter8Siteinvestigation10Chapter1IntroductionEngineeringgeology工程地质学engineeringpractice工程实践geomorphology地貌学structuralgeology构造地质学sedimentology沉积学petrology岩石学stratigraphy地层学Chapter2RockTypesandStratigraphyearthcrust地壳themantle地幔thecore地核Mineral矿物Rock岩石Igneousrock岩浆岩Sedimentaryrock沉积岩Metamorphicrock变质岩Luster光泽Streak条痕Cleavage解理Fracture断裂MohsScaleofHardness莫氏硬度计Talc滑石Gypsum石膏Calcite方解石Fluorspar萤石Apatite磷灰石Orthoclasefeldspar正长石Quartz石英Topaz黄玉Corundum刚玉Diamond金刚石Pyrite黄铁矿Hematite赤铁矿Dolomite白云石Olivine橄榄石augite普通辉石Pyroxene辉石Amphibole闪石Hornblende角闪石Plagioclase斜长石anorthite钙长石potashfeldspar钾长石Mica云母Muscovite白云母Biotite黑云母silicaminerals硅氧矿物felsic长英矿物mafic铁镁质矿物Kaolinite高岭石Montmorillonite蒙脱石Illite伊利石Garnet石榴子石Chlorite绿泥石Serpentine蛇纹石Magma岩浆Batholiths岩基Stock岩株Lopolith岩盆Sill岩床Dyke岩脉Vein纹理Lense透镜体Plutonicrock深成岩Hypabyssalrock浅成岩Acidicigneousrocks酸性岩Intermediateigneousrocks中性岩Basicigneousrocks基性岩Ultrabasicigneousrocks超基性岩leucocraticrock浅色岩mesocraticrock中色岩melanocraticrock暗色岩hypermelanicrock深暗色岩degreeofcrystallinity结晶度crystal晶体phenocryst斑晶Holocrystalline全晶质Holohyaline全玻璃质（非晶质）massivestructure块状构造rhyotaxiticstructure流纹状构造vesicularstructure气孔状构造amygdaloidalstructure杏仁状构造Merocrystalline半晶质granulartexture粒状构造granulartexture等粒结构Inequigranulartexture不等粒结构Porphyritictexture斑状结构Cryptocrystalline隐晶质Phanerocrystalline显晶质Granite花岗岩Pegmatite伟晶岩Syenite正长岩Diorite闪长岩Gabbro辉长岩Peridotite橄榄岩Pyroxenite辉岩Porphyrite玢岩Porphyry斑岩Diabase辉绿岩Rhyolite流纹岩Trachyte粗面岩Andesite安山岩Basalt玄武岩Pumice浮岩lithify（使）岩化consolidation固结作用cementation胶结作用component成分classification分类sediment沉积物detritalsediment碎屑沉积fragmentsofrock岩石碎片volcanicash火山灰Claymineral粘土矿物aluminiumsilicate硅酸铝hydrophilicity亲水性plasticity可塑性dilatability膨胀性Organicsubstance有机物质sizeanalysis粒级分析Gradingcurve级配曲线Conglomerate砾岩Breccias角砾岩sandstone砂岩Siltstone粉砂岩Mudstone泥岩Shale页岩Bed岩层Chemicalrock化学岩BiochemicalRock生物化学岩Stratum（pl.strata）岩层Bedded成层的Bedding层理horizontalbedding水平层理obliquebedding斜层理crossbedding交错层理gradedbedding粒级层理Stratigraphic地层学的Beddingplanes层面Formation组Deposit堆积，沉淀ClasticRock碎屑岩Recrystallization重结晶作用Metamorphism变质作用metacrysttexture变晶结构palimpsesttexture变余结构porphyroblast斑状变晶tabularstructure板状构造phylliticstructure千枚状构造schistosestructure片状构造gneissicstructure片麻状构造dynamicmetamorphism动力变质作用contactmetamorphism接触变质作用regionalmetamorphism区域变质作用mountainchain山链Directionalpressure定向压力Brecciation角砾岩化cataclasis碎裂作用mylonitization糜棱岩化Mylonite糜棱岩Slate板岩Cleavage解理Schistosity片理Foliation叶理Gneiss片麻岩Marble大理岩Quartzite石英岩Stratification分层Geologicaltime地质时期AbsoluteDating绝对年龄测定Radiometricdating同位素年龄测定Relativedating相对年代测定Stratigraphiccorrelationmethod地层对比法LawofSuperposition地层层序律fossil化石indexfossil标准化石timeunit地质年代单位GeologicalTimeScale地质时标eon宙Pre-Cambriantime前寒武纪Phanerozoictime显生宙Era代Period纪Epoch世Age期Erathem界System系Series统Cenozoic新生代Mesozoic中生代Palaeozoic古生代Quaternary第四纪Tertiary第三纪Holocene全新世Pleistocene更新世Chapter3GeologicalStructureGeologicalstructure地质构造Deformation变形rockfailure岩石破裂Tectonicprocess构造运动Discontinuity不连续horizontalstructure水平构造Inclinedstructure倾斜构造crustalmovement地壳运动verticalmovement垂直运动outcrop岩层露头occurrence产状dip倾向dipangle倾角Truedip真倾角apparentdip视倾角strike走向geologicalsurvey地质勘探geologicalcompass地质罗盘Fold褶皱Syncline向斜Anticline背斜Hinge枢纽Limb翼Hingeline枢纽线Axialplane轴平面axialsurface轴面Foldaxis褶轴Inter-limbangle翼间角symmetricfold对称褶皱asymmetricfold不对称褶皱overturnedfold倒转褶皱recumbentfold平卧褶皱Monoclinalfold单斜褶皱Isoclinalfold等斜褶皱Fanfold扇状褶皱Horizontalfold水平褶皱Plungingfold倾伏褶皱Dome穹庐compositefold复合褶皱dragfold拖曳褶皱terrain地形crest脊tectonicbasin构造盆地fracture断裂fault断层joint节理residualstress残余应力structuralfracture构造裂隙tensilefracture张性裂隙shearfracture剪切裂隙externalforce外力Jointrosemap节理玫瑰花图Faultplane断层面Faultdip断层倾角Faultstrike断层走向Footwall下盘Hangingwall上盘Faultscarp断层崖Faultline断层线Hade断层倾角Faultdistanc