1988年考研英语试题及答案Word文件下载.docx

1988年考研英语试题及答案Word文件下载.docx

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[A]with

[B]as

[C]for（C）

[D]by

2.It’s________mypowertomakefinaldecisiononthematter.

[A]off

[B]outside

[C]above（D）

[D]beyond

3.IshouldsayHenryisnot________muchawriterasareporter.

[A]that

[B]so

[C]this（B）

[D]as

4.Iwon’tpay20forthecoat;

it’snotworth________.

[A]allthatmuch

[B]thatmuchall

[C]thatallmuch（A）

[D]muchallthat

5.Hedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;

hespoke________.

[A]incommon

[B]ingeneral

[C]inparticular（C）

[D]inshort

6.It’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttakethenewone,________,becausewedon’tfeelassafeonit.

[A]somehow

[B]though

[C]therefore（B）

[D]otherwise

7.Whenyouareaboutthroughthestory________,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.

[A]half

[B]midway

[C]halfway（C）

[D]one-half

8.Thoughalreadyateenager,Peterstillfindsithardto________hisfavoritetoys.

[A]partoff

[B]partwith

[C]partaway（B）

[D]partfrom

9.Strenuouseffortshavebeenmadeto________governmentexpensestoadesirablelevel.

[A]cutdown

[B]cutshort

[C]cutout（A）

[D]cutoff

10.Whenataparty,besurenotto________fromthepersonwhotriestoengageyouinconversation.

[A]turndown

[B]turnaway

[C]turnoff（C）

[D]turnback

11.Thesurvival________ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.

[A]rate

[B]degree

[C]ratio（A）

[D]scale

12.Hewas________admittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlydressed.

[A]denied

[B]rejected

[C]repelled（A）

[D]deprived

13.WhenIaskyouaquestion,Iexpecta________answer.

[A]punctual

[B]fast

[C]rapid（D）

[D]prompt

14.Ifamanislegallyseparatedfromhiswife,ishestill________forherdebts?

[A]answerable

[B]chargeable

[C]recoverable（A）

[D]payable

15.Atthemeeting,Rolandargued________infavoroftheproposal.

[A]severely

[B]heavily

[C]forcefully（C）

[D]warmly

SectionIIReadingComprehension

Eachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.（20points）

Text1

Itdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.

Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.

Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?

Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays,“Rightthisway,please.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.

It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“justlooking”fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;

theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisdoing.

Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”Or,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.

Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:

“Yes,Iagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates,”or“Buttherearesomeotherfactstobeconsidered!

”Youdon’tjustsittheretakinginideas--youdosomethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.

Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone’sownpersonalreactions.

Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.

16.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy,________.

[A]itisnosurprise

[B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything

[C]itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook（B）

[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance

17.Beforeyoustartreading,itisimportant________.

[A]tomakesurewhyyouarereading

[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose

[C]torememberwhatyouread（A）

[D]tochooseaninterestingbook

18.Readingactivityinvolves________.

[A]onlytwosimultaneousprocesses

[B]primarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcritically

[C]merelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions（B）

[D]mainlydrawingaccurateinferences

19.Agoodreaderisonewho________.

[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatter

[B]doeslotsofthinkinginhisreading

[C]takesacriticalattitudeinhisreading（C）

[D]isabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknown

Text2

Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsideredrelevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneisdoingatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisen,togetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.

Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking（orsitting）inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels（ameasureoftheloudnessofsound）canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorintermittent.

Noisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,ifoneisperformingawatchkeepingtaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekind（e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft）.

Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,andthat,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.Theproblemisnoise.

20.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat________.

[A]itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingdone

[B]itisaspecialtypeofloudsound

[C]itisusuallyunavoidableinbigcities（A）

[D]itcanbedefinedmorepreciselythanthelatter

21.Oneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat________.

[A]itreducesone’ssensitivity

[B]itrendersthevictimhelpless

[C]itdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofmusic（A）

[D]itdrownsoutconversationsatworksites

22.Thepurposeofthispassageis________.

[A]todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior

[B]towarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisepollution

[C]togiveadviceastohowtopreventhearingloss（A）

[D]totellthedifferencebetweennoiseandsound

Text3

Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman’stasktocareforthechildren,butfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetweenchildren.Thusawoman’swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoonceases.Thus,evenifwe