转向器英文文献翻译Word下载.docx
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转向器英文文献翻译Word下载.docx
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Inelectro-hydraulicsteering,oneelectricallypoweredsteeringconceptusesahighefficiencypumpdrivenbyanelectricmotor.Pumpspeedisregulatedbyanelectriccontrollertovarypumppressureandflow,providingsteeringeffortstailoredfordifferentdrivingsituations.Thepumpcanberunatlowspeedorshutofftoprovideenergysavingsduringstraightaheaddriving(whichismostofthetimeinmostworldmarkets).
Directelectricsteeringusesanelectricmotorattachedtothesteeringrackviaagearmechanism(nopumporfluid).Avarietyofmotortypesandgeardrivesispossible.Amicroprocessorcontrolssteeringdynamicsanddrivereffort.Inputsincludevehiclespeedandsteering,wheeltorque,angularpositionandturningrate.
WorkingInDetail:
A"
steeringsensor"
islocatedontheinputshaftwhereitentersthegearboxhousing.Thesteeringsensorisactuallytwosensorsinone:
a"
torquesensor"
thatconvertssteeringtorqueinputanditsdirectionintovoltagesignals,anda"
rotationsensor"
thatconvertstherotationspeedanddirectionintovoltagesignals.An"
interface"
circuitthatsharesthesamehousingconvertsthesignalsfromthetorquesensorandrotationsensorintosignalsthecontrolelectronicscanprocess.Inputsfromthesteeringsensoraredigestedbyamicroprocessorcontrolunitthatalsomonitorsinputfromthevehicle'
sspeedsensor.Thesensorinputsarethencomparedtodeterminehowmuchpowerassistisrequiredaccordingtoapreprogrammed"
forcemap"
inthecontrolunit'
smemory.Thecontrolunitthensendsouttheappropriatecommandtothe"
powerunit"
whichthensuppliestheelectricmotorwithcurrent.Themotorpushestheracktotherightorleftdependingonwhichwaythevoltageflows(reversingthecurrentreversesthedirectionthemotorspins).Increasingthecurrenttothemotorincreasestheamountofpowerassist.
Thesystemhasthreeoperatingmodes:
normal"
controlmodeinwhichleftorrightpowerassistisprovidedinresponsetoinputfromthesteeringtorqueandrotationsensor'
sinputs;
return"
controlmodewhichisusedtoassiststeeringreturnaftercompletingaturn;
anda"
damper"
controlmodethatchangeswithvehiclespeedtoimproveroadfeelanddampenkickback.
Ifthesteeringwheelisturnedandheldinthefull-lockpositionandsteeringassistreachesamaximum,thecontrolunitreducescurrenttotheelectricmotortopreventanoverloadsituationthatmightdamagethemotor.Thecontrolunitisalsodesignedtoprotectthemotoragainstvoltagesurgesfromafaultyalternatororchargingproblem.
Theelectronicsteeringcontrolunitiscapableofself-diagnosingfaultsbymonitoringthesystem'
sinputsandoutputs,andthedrivingcurrentoftheelectricmotor.Ifaproblemoccurs,thecontrolunitturnsthesystemoffbyactuatingafail-saferelayinthepowerunit.Thiseliminatesallpowerassist,causingthesystemtorevertbacktomanualsteering.AdashEPSwarninglightisalsoilluminatedtoalertthedriver.Todiagnosetheproblem,atechnicianjumpstheterminalsontheservicecheckconnectorandreadsoutthetroublecodes.
clickheretoseeabigger
Electricpowersteeringsystemspromiseweightreduction,fuelsavingsandpackageflexibility,atnocostpenalty.
Europe'
shighfuelpricesandsmallervehiclesmakeafertiletestbedforelectricsteering,atechnologythatpromisesautomakersweightsavingsandfueleconomygains.Andinashorttime,electricsteeringwillmakeittotheU.S.,too."
It'
sjustjustamatteroftime,"
saysAlyBadawy,directorofresearchanddevelopmentforDelphiSaginawSteeringSystemsinSaginaw,Mich."
Theissuewascostandthat'
sbehindusnow.By2002hereintheU.S.thecostofelectricpowersteeringwillabsolutelybeawashoverhydraulic."
Today,electricandhybrid-poweredvehicles(EV),includingToyota'
sPriusandGM'
sEV-1,aretheperfectdomainforelectricsteering.Butby2010,aTRWInc.internalstudyestimatesthatoneoutofeverythreecarsproducedintheworldwillbeequippedwithsomeformofelectrically-assistedsteering.TheCleveland-basedsupplierclaimsitsnewsteeringsystemscouldimprovefueleconomybyupto2mpg,whileenhancinghandling.Therearetruebottom-linebenefitsaswellforautomakersbyreducingoverallcostsanddecreasingassemblytime,sincethere'
snoneedforpumps,hosesandfluids.
Anotherclaimedadvantageisshorteneddevelopmenttime.Forinstance,aDelphigroupdevelopedE-TUNE,aride-and-handlingsoftwarepackagethatcanberunoffalaptopcomputer."
Theycantakethatcomputerandplugitin,attachittothecontrollerandchangeallthehandlingparameters--effortlevel,returnability,damping--onthefly,"
Badawysays."
Itusedtotakemonths."
DelphihasoneOEMcustomerthatshouldstartlow-volumeproductionin'
99.Electricsteeringunitsarenormallyplacedinoneofthreepositions:
column-drive,pinion-driveandrack-drive.Whichsystemwillbecomethenormisstillunclear.Shortterm,OEMswillchoosethesteeringsystemthatiseasiesttointegrateintoanexistingplatform.Obviously,greaterpotentialcomesfromdesigningthesystemintoanall-newplatform."
Wehaveallthreedesignsunderconsideration,"
saysDr.HermanStrecker,groupvicepresidentofsteeringsystemsdivisionatZFinSchwaebischGmuend,Germany."
suptothemarketandOEMswhichversionfinallywillbeusedandmanufactured."
"
Thelargemanufacturershaveallgrabbedholdofwhattheyconsideracoretechnology,"
explainsJamesHandysides,TRWvicepresident,electricallyassistedsteeringinSterlingHeights,Mich.Hiscompanyoffersaportfolioofelectricsteeringsystems(hybridelectric,rack-,pinion-,andcolumn-drive).TRWoriginallyconcentratedonwhatitstillbelievesisthepurestengineeringsolutionforelectricsteering--therack-drivesystem.Thesystemissometimesreferedtoasdirectdriveorball/nutdrive.Still,thiswinterTRWhedgeditsbet,formingajointventurewithLucasVarity.TheBritishsupplierreceived$50millioninexchangeforitselectriccolumn-drivesteeringtechnologyandassets.InitialproductionofthecolumnandpiniondriveelectricsteeringsystemsisexpectedtobegininBirmingham,England,in2000.
Whatwelackisthecredibilityinthesteeringmarket,"
saysBrendanConner,managingdirector,TRW/LucasVarityElectricSteeringLtd."
ThecombinationwithTRWprovidesuswithagoodopportunityforustobridgethatgap."
LucasVaritycurrentlyhasexperimentalsystemson11differentvehicletypes,mostlyEuropean.TRWiscurrentlysupplyingitsEASsystemsforFordandChryslerEVsinNorthAmericaandforGM'
snewOpelAstra.
In1995,accordingtoDelphi,traditionalhydraulicpowersteeringsystemswereon7596ofallvehiclessoldglobally.That37-millionvehiclepoolconsumesabout10milliongallonsinhydraulicfluidthatcouldbesuperfluous,ifelectricsteeringreallytakesoff.
Thepresentinventionrelatestoanelectricallypowereddrivemechamsmforprovidingpoweredassistancetoavehiclesteeringmechanism.Accordingtooneaspectofthepresentinvention,thereisprovidedanelectricallypowereddrivenmechanismforprovidingpoweredassistancetoavehiclesteeringmechanismhavingamanuallyrotatablememberforoperatingthesteeringmechanism,thedrivemechanismincludingatorquesensoroperabletosensetorquebeingmanuallyappliedtotherotatablemember,anelectricallypowereddrivemotordrivinglyconnectedtotherotatablememberandacontrollerwhichisarrangedtocontrolthespeedanddirectionofrotationofthedrivemotorinresponsetosignalsreceivedfromthetorquesensor,thetorquesensorincludingasensorshaftadaptedforconnectiontotherotatablemembertoformanextensionthereofsothattorqueistransmittedthroughsaidsensorshaftwhentherotatablememberismanuallyrotatedandastraingaugemountedonthesensorshaftforproducingasignalindicativeoftheamountoftorquebeingtransmittedthroughsaidshaft.Preferablythesensorshaftisnon-rotatablymountedatoneaxialendinafirstcouplingmemberandisnon-rotatablymountedatitsoppositeaxialendinasecondcouplingmember,thefirstandsecondcouplingmembersbeinginter-engagedtopermitlimitedrotationtherebetweensothattorqueunderapredeterminedlimitistransmittedbythesensorshaftonlyandsothattorqueabovesaidpredeterminedlimitistransmittedthroughthefirstandsecondcouplingmembers.Thefirstandsecondcouplingmembersarepreferablyarrangedtoactasabridgefordrivinglyconnectingfirstandsecondportionsoftherotatingmembertooneanother.Preferablythesensorshaftisofgenerallyrectangularcross-sectionthroughoutthemajorityofitslength.PreferablythestraingaugeincludesoneormoreSAWresonatorssecuredtothesensorshaft.Preferablythemotorisdrivinglyconnectedtotherotatablememberviaaclutch.Preferablythemotorincludesagearboxandisconcentricallyarrangedrelativetotherotatablemember.Variousaspectsofthepresentinventionwillhereafterbedescribed,withreferencetotheaccompanyingdrawings,inwhich:
Figure1isadiagrammaticviewofavehiclesteeringmechanismincludinganelectricallyp
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