四级模拟练习Word格式文档下载.docx
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四级模拟练习Word格式文档下载.docx
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Acculturation,whichbeginsatbirth,istheprocessofteachingnewgenerationsofchildrenthecustomsandvaluesoftheparents'
culture.Howpeopletreatnewborns,forexample,canbeindicativeofculturalvalues.IntheUnitedStatesitisnotuncommonforparentstoputanewborninaseparateroomthatbelongsonlytothechild.Thishelpstopreserveparents'
privacyandallowsthechildtogetusedtohavinghisorherownroom,whichisseenasafirststeptowardpersonalindependence.Americanstraditionallyhaveheldindependenceandacloselyrelatedvalue,individualism,inhighesteem.Parentstrytoinstilltheseprevailingvaluesintheirchildren.AmericanEnglishexpressesthesevaluepreferences:
childrenshould"
cutthe(umbilical)cord"
andareencouragednottobe"
tiedtotheirmothers'
apronstrings."
Intheprocessoftheirsocializationchildrenlearnto"
lookoutfornumberone"
andto"
standontheirowntwofeet"
.
Manychildrenaretaughtataveryearlyagetomakedecisionsandberesponsiblefortheiractions.Oftenchildrenworkformoneyoutsidethehomeasafirststeptoestablishingautonomy.Nine-orten-year-oldchildrenmaydelivernewspapersintheirneighborhoodsandsaveorspendtheirearnings.Teenagers(13to18years)maybaby-sitneighbors'
homesinordertoearnafewdollaraweek.Receivingaweeklyallowanceatanearlyageteacheschildrentobudgettheirmoney,preparingthemforfuturefinancialindependence.Manyparentsbelievethatmanagingmoneyhelpschildrenlearnresponsibilityaswellasappreciatethevalueofmoney.
21.Accordingtothispassage,thewaypeopletreatnewborns_____.
A)isasignoftheircustoms
B)isanindicationoftheirlevelofknowledge
C)symbolizestheirsocialsystem
D)variesfromculturetoculture
22.Theexpression,"
tocutthecord"
isusedtoshowthat_____.
A)childrendon'
tliketheirparents
B)parentsdon'
tfeelclosetotheirchildren
C)parentswouldnotliketolivetogetherwiththeirchildren
D)independencefromone'
sfamilyisanimportantpersonalgoalinUSA
23.Childrenwhoare"
tiedtotheapronstrings"
_____.
A)arecaughtintheirmothers'
aprons
B)mustalwayswearanapronwhentheyeat
C)areverydependentontheirmothers
D)areindependentfromtheirparents
24.Americanpeopleoftenlettheirchildrenworkformoneyoutsidethehomeataveryearlyagebecause_____.
A)childrenhavetoearnmoneytohelpthefamily
B)theyneedmoremoney
C)theywantthemtobeginestablishingautonomy
D)childrenhavetosavemoneyforfutureuse
25.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat_____.
A)Americansaremoneylovers
B)Americansadmireindependence
C)Americansaregoodatdecision-making
D)Americansareallresponsible
PassageTwo
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Manypeoplebelievethattheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindness.Yet,darkglassesornot,theyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes,andevensnowblindness,whenexposedtoseveralhoursof"
snowlight"
TheUnitedStatesArmyhasnowdeterminedthatglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Rather,aman'
seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofocusoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchofsomethingtolookat.Findingnothing,hourafterhour,theeyesneverstopsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandmorefluidwhichcoverstheeyeballs.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblurs,thenisobscured,andtheresultistotal,eventhoughtemporary,snowblindness.
ExperimentsledtotheArmytoasimplemethodofovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushes,creatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape.Eventhescoutsthemselvesthrowlightweight,darkcoloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheytoocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseesomething.Theirgazeisarrested.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtosee,stopscouringthesnow-blanketedlandscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatime,themencancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteterrainisovercome.
26.Topreventheadache,wateringeyesandblindnesscausedbytheglarefromsnow,darkglassesare_____.
A)indispensable
B)useful
C)ineffective
D)available
27.Whentheeyesaresoretearsareproducedto_____.
A)clearthevision
B)remedysnowblindness
C)easetheirritation
D)loosenthemuscles
28.Snowblindnessmaybeavoidedby_____.
A)concentratingonthesolidwhiteterrain
B)searchingforsomethingtolookatinsnow-coveredterrain
C)providingtheeyeswithsomethingtofocuson
D)coveringtheeyeballswithfluid
29.Theeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesachebecause_____.
A)tearscovertheeyeballs
B)theeyesareirritatedbyblindingsunlight
C)theeyesareirritatedbyblindingsnow
D)thereisnothingtofocuson
30.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.
A)SnowblindnessandHowtoOvercomeIt
B)Nature'
sCureforSnowblindness
C)SoldiersintheSnow
D)SnowVision
PassageThree
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Untilthe1980s,theAmericanhomelesspopulationcomprisedmainlyoldermales.Today,homelessnessstrikesmuchyoungerpartofsociety.Infact,a25-citysurveybytheU.S.ConferenceofMayorsin1987foundthatfamilieswithchildrenmakeupthefastestgrowingpartofthehomelesspopulation.Manyhomelesschildrengatherininnercities;
thistransientandfrequentlyfrightenedstudentpopulationcreatesadditionalproblems-bothlegalandeducational-foralreadyoverburdenedurbanschooladministratorsandteachers.
EstimatesofthenumberofhomelessAmericansrangefrom350,000tothreemillion.Likewise,estimatesofthenumberofhomelessschoolchildrenvaryradically.AU.S.DepartmentofEducationreport,basedonstateestimates,statesthatthereare220,000homelessschool-agechildren,aboutathirdofwhomdonotattendschoolonaregularbasis.ButtheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessestimatesthatthereareatleasttwotimesasmanyhomelesschildren,andthatlessthanhalfofthemattendschoolregularly.
Onepartofthehomelesspopulationthatisparticularlydifficulttocountconsistsofthe"
throwaway"
youthswhohavebeencastofftheirhomes.TheElementarySchoolCenterinNewYorkCityestimatesthatthereare1.5millionofthem,manyofwhomarenotcountedaschildrenbecausetheydonotstayinfamilysheltersandtendtolivebythemselvesonthestreets.
Federallaw,theStewartMcKinneyHomelessAssistanceActof1987,includesasectionthataddressestheeducationalneedsofhomelesschildren.TheeducationalprovisionsoftheMcKinneyActarebasedonthebeliefthatallhomelesschildrenhavetherighttoafree,appropriateeducation.
31.In1987,theAmericanhomelesspopulationwasmadeupof_____.
A)oldermalesB)schoolchildren
C)adultsD)bothAandB
32.Theauthorimpliesinthefirstparagraphthat_____.
A)thehomelesspopulationisgrowingrapidly
B)thereisseriousshortageofschooladministratorsandteachers
C)homelesschildrenoftenmovefromplacetoplace
D)homelesschildrenusuallystayoutsideschools
33.TheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessestimatesthatthereare_____homelesschildren.
A)7000,000B)350,000
C)440,000D)70,000
34.Onepartofthehomelesspopulationisdifficulttocount.Thereasonmightbethat_____.
A)homelesschildrenliveonthestreets
B)homelesschildrenhavenoparents
C)thehomelessaretooyoungtobecountedaschildren
D)thehomelesschildrenarenottakenasmembersoftheirfamilies
35.TheaimoftheMcKinneyActisto_____.
A)offereducationforhomelesschildren
B)providefamilysheltersforhomelesschildren
C)reducethenumberofhomelesschildren
D)estimatethenumberofhomelesspopulation
PassageFour
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobe(衣柜)packedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.
Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;
necklinesareloweredorraised,andsoon.
Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributes
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