浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语Word格式文档下载.docx

浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语Word格式文档下载.docx

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ForeachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

1.Thepatienthasbeen____________ofthesafetyoftheoperation.

A.guaranteedB.assuredC.entrustedD.confirmed

2.Someteenagersharbourageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which_________themtherightsandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature.

A.deprivesB.restrictsC.rejectsD.denies

3.Whentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers’checks,whichprovideasecure____________tocarryingyourmoneyincash.

A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative

4.Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher___________attitudetowardcustomers.

A.impartialB.mildC.hostileD.opposing

5.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th___________thebirthofJesusChrist.

A.inaccordancewithB.intermsof

B.infavorofD.inhonorof

6.Nooneimaginedthattheapparently_________businessmanwasreallyacriminal.

A.respectiveB.respectableC.respectfulD.receptacle

7.Insomepartsoftheworldtheindigenouspopulationhasbeencompletely_______.

A.wipedupB.wipedoutC.wipedawayD.wipedoff

8.___________theinventionofthesteamengine,mostformsoftransportwerehorse-drawn.

A.AkintoB.Priorto

C.InadditiontoD.Withreferenceto

9.Becausehisworkplacewassobusyandnoisy,helongedmostofallfor__________.

A.lonelinessB.associationC.solitudeD.irrelevancy

10.BecauseMarkneededtopasstheexam,hemadestudyinga_____________overwatchinghisfavoritetelevisionshow.

A.priorityB.conformityC.perplexityD.concept

11.Therecordofthepastisalwaysincomplete,andthehistorianswhowriteaboutit__________reflectthepreoccupationsoftheirowntime.

A.boundtoB.inevitablyC.indispensablyD.justifiably

12.Manisa________animal,andmuchmoresoinhismindthaninhisbody:

hemayliketogoaloneforawalk,buthehatestostandaloneinhis__________.

A.conceited...vanityB.solitary...thoughts

C.gregarious...opinionsD.special...uniqueness

13.HesayshewouldwriteanEnglishcoursebookifhecouldfinda（n）________todealwiththelessinterestingparts.

A.accompliceB.collaboratorC.spouseD.kin

14.Internationaltravelersmayhavedifficultiesunderstandingtheadjustmentproblemsthat_________them.

A.amazeB.besetC.humiliateD.resurrect

15.ThedistinctivequalitiesofAfricanmusicwerenotappreciatedoreven_________.

A.deploredB.perceivedC.reveredD.ignored

16.Thespokespersonknewhehadmadea___________errorwhenheprematurelyannouncedthatallofthevictimshadsurvivedtheaccident.

A.glaringB.grievousC.dazedD.furtive

17.His_________forwantingtostayonasmanageristoseeEnglandasthetopteamintheworld.

A.measurementB.motivationC.requirementD.presentation

18.Manyofthevillagersrelyonfishingastheir__________sourceofincome.

A.primaryB.radicalC.externalD.noticeable

19.Shecouldn’timagineherselfinanyformof___________withheremployer,muchasshelikedhim.

A.prejudiceB.FantasyC.intimacyD.conflict

20.Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerally_________toimprovementsindiet.

A.accountedB.referredC.creditedD.attributed

21.Doyoubelievethathehadkilledamanwithhis__________hands?

A.bareB.nakedC.hollowD.sheer

22.It___________measstrangethatthemandidn’tintroducehimselfbeforehespoke.

A.occurredB.dawnedC.impressedD.struck

23.Hedefinitelymeanttoberude—itwasquite_________.

A.spontaneousB.deliberateC.consciousD.expressive

24.Thelawyertoldthejudgethathis__________didnothaveacriminalrecord.

A.clientB.customerC.employerD.administrator

25.Attitudeslearnedathome__________ontotheplayground.

A.carryoutB.carryonC.carryforwardD.carryover

26.I’mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit__________.

A.shrinksB.confinesC.diminishesD.outweighs

27.Afteryou’vesignedthecontract,itwillbeimpossibleto_________.

A.backoutB.backupC.breakoffD.breakdown

28.Koreannewspapersonlyhavefourpages,sostorieshavetobeverymuch___________.

A.tothecoreB.totheeffectC.tothepointD.tobeexact

29.She’sboughtanexercisebiketokeep_________.

A.ineffectB.inshapeC.insessionD.inhealth

30.Thejudge_________mostofthepoliceevidence,sayingitwasclearlyfabricated.

A.disposedB.declinedC.dismissedD.discarded

PartIIReadingComprehension（40points,2pointseach）

Therearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.

TextA

Whenweuseawordinspeechandwriting,itsmostobviouspurposeistopointtosomethingorrelationorproperty.Thisistheword’s“meaning.”Weseeasmallfour-footedanimalontheroadandcallita“dog,”indicatingthatitisamemberoftheclassoffour-footedanimalswecalldogs.Theword“dog”aswehaveusedittherehasaplain,straight-forward,“objective”meaning.Wehaveinnowaygonebeyondtherequirementsofexactscientificdescription.

Letussupposealsothatonegrandparentofthedogwasacollie,anotherwasanIrishterrier,anotherafoxterrier,andthefourthabulldog.Wecanexpressthesefactsequallyscientificallyandobjectivelybysayingthatheisadogofmixedbreed.Stillwehaveinnowaygonebeyondtherequirementsofexactscientificdescription.

Suppose,however,thatwehadcalledthatsameanimala“mongrel.”Thematterismorecomplicated.Wehaveusedawordwhichobjectivelymeansthesameas“dogofmixedbreed,”butwhichalsoarousesinourhearersanemotionalattitudeofdisapprovaltowardthatparticulardog.Aword,therefore,cannotonlyindicateanobject,butcanalsosuggestanemotionalattitudetowardit.Suchsuggestionofanemotionalattitudedoesgobeyondexactandscientificdiscussionbecauseourapprovalsanddisapprovalsareindividual—theybelongtoourselvesandnottotheobjectsweapproveordisapproveof.Ananimalwhichtothemindofitsmasterisafaithfulandnobledogofmixedancestrymaybea“mongrel”tohisneighborwhosechickensarechasedbyit.

Onceweareonthelookoutforthisdifferencebetween“objective”and“emotional”meanings,weshallnoticethatwordswhichcarrymoreorlessstrongsuggestionsofemotionalattitudesareverycommonandareordinarilyusedinthediscussionofsuchcontroversialquestionsasthoseofpolitics,morals,andreligion.Thisisonereasonwhysuchcontroversiescannotyetbesettled.

Thereisawell-knownsayingthattheword“firm”canbedeclinedasfollows:

Iamfirm,thouareobstinate,heispigheaded.Thatisasimpleillustrationofwhatismeant.“Firm,”“obstinate,”and“pigheaded”allhavethesameobjectivemeaning—thatis,followingone’sowncourseofactionandrefusingtobeinfluencedbyotherpeople’sopinion.Theyhave,however,differentemotionalmeanings:

“firm”hasanemotionalmeaningofstrongapproval,“obstinate”ofmilddisapproval,“pigheaded”ofstrongdisapproval.

Inmuchthesamewaywhen,duringtheWorldWar,thoughtsweredominatedbyemotions,thenewspaperscontrastedthespiritofourheroicboyswithruthlessnessoftheHuns（[贬义]德国兵）,andtheheroismofourtroopswiththeenemy’ssavagery.Now,withthemoreobjectiveattitudethathasbeenbroughtbythelapseoftime,wecanlookbackandseethatspiritandruthlessnessareobjectivelythesamething,onlytheonewordhasanemotionalmeaningofapproval,theotherofdisapproval.Wecansee,too,thatasoldiergoingforwardundershellfiretoprobabledeathisdoingthesamethingwhetherheisaGermanoroneofourcountrymen,andthattodistinguishbetweenthembyapplyingthewordsavagerytotheactionoftheoneandheroismtothatoftheotheristodistortrealitybyusingwordstomakeanemotionaldistinctionbetweentwoactionswhichareobjectivelyidentical.

31.Theauthor’spointinthefirstthreeparagraphsisthat___________.

A.thereisnorealdifferencebetweencallingadogamongrelorcallingitadogofmixedbreed

B.“adogofmixedbreed”isanemotionalterm

C.“mongrel”isanobjectiveterm

D.wordsmaysuggestemotionalattitudesaswellasobjectivemeanings

32.Theauthormaintainsthat_________.

A.indiscussingscientificsubjects,emotionalwordsareoftenusedtomakemeaningsclearer

B.indiscussingcontroversialquestions,objectivetermsaregenerallyusedtohelpclarifymeanings

C.indiscussingscientificsubjects,objectivetermsaregenerallyused,inordertoavoidcontroversy

D.indiscussingcontroversialquestions,emotionaltermsareusedveryoften

33.Theauthorbelievesthatpeoplehavedisagreementsonmanysubjectspartiallybecause_______.

A.peoplehavenotlearnedhowtogetalongwitheachotherwithoutconflictandargument

B.wordsusedindiscussingthosesubjectscarryemotionalovertoneswhichtendtoantagonizepeople

C.wordswithobjectivemeaningsmeandifferentthingstodifferentpersons,andmustbeusedcarefully

D.politics,morals,andreligioncausecontroversiesthatcannotyetbesettled

34.Regardingwar,theauthorbelievesthatinWorldWarI,_________.

A.ourmens