北京师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题共13页word资料Word文件下载.docx
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北京师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题共13页word资料Word文件下载.docx
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《孟子》中的“先生何为出此言也?
”;
《论语》中的“有酒食,先生馔”;
《国策》中的“先生坐,何至于此?
”等等,均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。
其实《国策》中本身就有“先生长者,有德之称”的说法。
可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意,倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。
看来,“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称,并非具学问者的专称。
称“老师”为“先生”的记载,首见于《礼记?
曲礼》,有“从于先生,不越礼而与人言”,其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”,与教师、老师之意基本一致。
ListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespond¬
ingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
1.A)Shewillgivehimthereceiptlater.
B)Themanshouldmakehisowncopies.
C)Shehasnotgottheman'
scopiesready.
D)Themanforgottomakethecopiesforher.
2.A)ShephonedFredaboutthebook.C)SheranintoFredonherwayhere.
B)Shewaslatefortheappointment.D)Sheoftenkeepsotherpeoplewaiting.
3.A)MarkisnotfittotakechargeoftheStudentUnion.
B)Markisthebestcandidateforthepostofchairman.
C)Itwon'
tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.
D)Femalesaremorecompetitivethanmalesinelections.
4.A)Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.
B)Itgotseriouslydamagedontheway.
C)ItgotlostattheairportinParis.
D)Itwasleftbehindinthehotel.
5.A)Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.
B)Putmoreeffortintopreparingforthepresentation.
C)Findmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.
D)Simplyraisetheissueintheirpresentation.
6.A)ThemanhasdecidedtochooseLanguageStudiesashismajor.
B)Thewomanisn'
tinterestedinthepsychologyoflanguage.
C)Themanisstilltryingtosignupforthecourseheisinterestedin.
D)Thewomanisn'
tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.
7.A)Theyarebothtoblame.
B)Theyarebotheasytoplease.
C)Theycanmanagetogetalong.
D)Theywillmakepeaceintime.
8.A)Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.
B)Theyhopetodomiracleswithlimitedresources.
C)Theywanttoborrowahugesumfromthebank.
D)Theyplantobuyouttheirbusinesspartners.
Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
9.A)Wesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatway.
B)Wewishtohideourindifferencetotheirmisfortune.
C)Wederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirmisfortune.
D)Wethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantootherpeople.
10.A)Theywanttoshowtheirgenuinesympathy.
B)Theyhavehadsimilarpersonalexperiences.
C)Theydon'
tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.
D)Theydon'
twanttorevealtheirownfrustration.
11.A)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'
tdareto.
B)It'
sanopportunityforrelievingtheirtension.
C)It'
sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseface.
D)Theyhaveseenthismanytimesinoldfilms.
12.A)Toirritatethem.C)Torelieveherfeelings.
B)Toteachthemalesson.D)Toshowhercourage.
Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
13.A)SmugglingdrugsintoHongKong.C)Stealingafellowpassenger'
sbag.
B)Havingcommittedarmedrobbery.D)BringingahandgunintoHongKong.
14.A)Hesaidnotasinglewordduringtheentireflight.
B)HetookawayKumar'
sbaggagewhilehewasasleep.
C)HewastravellingonascholarshipfromDelhiUniversity.
D)HeissuspectedofhavingslippedsomethinginKumar'
sbag.
15.A)Givehimalift.C)Checkthepassengerlist.
B)FindAlfredFoster.D)Searchallsuspiciouscars.
SectionB
Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A)Theythinktravelhasbecomeatrend.
B)Theythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'
sworth.
C)Theyfindmanyofthebanksuntrustworthy.
D)Theylacktheexpertisetomakecapitalinvestments.
17.A)Lowertheirpricestoattractmorecustomers.
B)Introducetravelpackagesforyoungtravelers.
C)Designprogramstargetedatretiredcouples.
D)Launchanewprogramofadventuretrips.
18.A)Theroleoftravelagents.C)Thenumberoflast-minutebookings.
B)Thewaypeopletravel.D)Thepricesofpolarexpeditions.
PassageTwo
Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Theoldstereotypesaboutmenandwomen.
B)Thechangingrolesplayedbymenandwomen.
C)Thedivisionoflaborbetweenmenandwomen.
D)Thewidespreadprejudiceagainstwomen.
20.A)Offermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanmen.
B)Askquestionsthatoftenleadtocontroversy.
C)Speakloudlyenoughtoattractattention.
D)Raiseissuesonbehalfofwomen.
31.A)Toprovethatshecouldearnherlivingasagardener.
B)Toshowthatwomenaremorehardworkingthanmen.
C)Toshowthatwomenarecapableofdoingwhatmendo.
D)Toprovethatshewasreallyirritatedwithherhusband.
PassageThree
Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
32.A)Coveringmajoreventsofthedayinthecity.
B)ReportingcriminaloffensesinGreenville.
C)Huntingnewsforthedailyheadlines.
D)Writingarticlesonfamilyviolence.
33.A)Itisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtobe.
B)Rapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownareas.
C)Assaultsoftenhappenonschoolcampuses.
D)Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.
34.A)Thereareawiderangeofcases.
B)Theyareverydestructive.
C)Therehasbeenariseinsuchcrimes.
D)Theyhavearousedfearamongtheresidents.
35.A)Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.C)Offerhelptocrimevictims.
B)Dosomeresearchonlocalpolitics.D)Workasanewspapereditor.
SectionC
Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit'
spickingoneof31icecream(36)_____ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing.Butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeus(37)_____,unhappy–evenparalyzedwithindecision.
That'
s(38)_____truewhenitcomestotheworkplace,saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsixbooksabouthuman(39)_____.Studentsaregraduatingwitha(40)_____ofskillsandinterests,butoftenfindthemselves(41)_____whenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.
Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheir(42)_____year.Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjob-hunting(43)_____andcareerdecisions,hedividedthestudentsintotwogroups:
"
maximizers"
whoconsidereverypossibleoption,and"
satisficers"
wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.
Youmightexpectthatthestudents(44)_________________________________.Butitturnsoutthat'
snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizersendedupwithbetterpayingjobsthansatisficersonaverage,theyweren'
tashappywiththeirdecision.
Thereason(45)_________________________________.Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,(46)_________________________________.
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
MinorityReport
Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.
BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'
seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2019thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."
Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"
hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithi
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