非谓语动词讲解超全Word文件下载.docx
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非谓语动词讲解超全Word文件下载.docx
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一般式
Todo
Tobedone
动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式
Tobedoing
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
Tohavedone
Tohavebeendone
动作发生在谓语动作之前
动名词
Doing
Beingdone
Havingdoing
Havingbeendone
现在分词
Havingdone
动词不定式
一.动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种:
1.一般式todo例如:
IliketoreadEnglish.
2.进行式tobedoing例如:
Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.
3.完成式tohavedone例如:
Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.
4.被动式tobedone例如:
Theworkistobedonesoon.
5.完成被动式tohavebeendone
例如:
Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.
二.动词不定式的用法
I.作主语
(1)不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
Toseeistobelieve.Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.
(2)注:
常用it做形式主语,将todo放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。
句型1:
It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.
句型2:
It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.
Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.
句型3:
Itis+adj+forsbtodosth(是形容事物的性质的)
Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth(是形容人的品质的)
Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.
Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.
Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.
It'
simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.
注意:
动名词和不定式作主语时的区别
1.动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、______性的行为
2.不定式作主语表示_____的、一次性的或特指的动作
Walkingisgoodforhealth.
Tohaveawalkinthespringafternoonwithmymumispleasant.
3.特定句式中的习惯表达
Itis+adj.+for/ofsth+todo
Itisuseless/nouse/nogood+doingsth.
II.作宾语
接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.
Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere
(1)常见动词有:
like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等
Theywanted_toget___(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?
Hesaidhewished__tobe____(be)aprofessor.
(2)it作形式宾语
Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting.Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim.
Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.
1.We
thought
_it__
better
__to_
start
early.2.Do
you
consider
not
_to_
go?
3.
I
feel
_it_
my
duty
change
all
that.4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.
5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.
(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:
tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,
Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.
Ihaven'
tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.
下列词接动名词和不定式均可,但意义不同的动词:
stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做
forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过
remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过
regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过
trytodo企图做,尽力做trydoing试着做
goontodo继续做(另一件事)goondoing继续做(同一件事)
meantodo打算做meandoing意味做
InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_A______foranotherhour.
AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaiting
Boys,don'
tforget_D____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.
A.closing B.closed C.toclosing D.toclose
Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped__C_____onabigrock.
A.tohaverested B.resting C.torest D.rest
Remember_A______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.
A.toturnoff B.turningoff C.turnoff D.toturningoff
(4)在cannotbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不带to的不定式
Ihavenochoicebut__towait_____.(wait)“前有do,后无to”
Ican’tdoanythingbut_go______(go)outwithher.
III.作宾语补足语
1.I’ll
get
someone
_to__
repair
the
recorder
for
you.
2.What
caused
him
his
mind?
advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish
want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo
(1)在动词feel(一感),hear,listento(二听),have,let,make(三让),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即:
吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
如:
Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.
Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.
(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
Ioftenhelphim(to)cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.
Heisoftenheard_tosing_______(sing)thesong.
Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_cry_____(cry),todayhewasmade__tocry__(cry)byhisdeskmate.
IV.作定语
Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)
1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?
2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.
3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.
4)不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时,须加介词
1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall___A____.
A.tolivein B.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin
2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____A___?
A.tocutthefruitwith B.tocutthefruit
C.cuttingthefruit D.cuttingthefruitwith
3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon(写上)
4.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?
Ihavenopentowritewith(写)
V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。
Icameheretoseeyou.
Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.
Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.
对比TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.
TolearnEnglishwell,agooddictionaryisneeded.
Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.
不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.
Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.
一.动名词的基本构成
doing
beingdone
havingdone
havingbeendone
Noonelikesbeinglaughedat.
Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.
二.动名词的功用
⑴Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.(作主语)
⑵Myjobislookingafterchildren.(作表语)
⑶Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.(作宾语)
⑷Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.(做定语)
①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting
常见的动词有:
admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,,practice,miss,resist.
短语:
be/getusedto,can’thelp/stop,can’tstand,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,
havedifficulty/trouble(in),bebusy(in),putoff
e.g.①Shesattherewithout_speaking____(speak)②Ilookforwardto_seeing____(see)himagain.
③Areyouusedto_live____(live)therealone?
④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'
thelp_laughing____(laugh).
⑤Idon’tfeellike_going____(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy_preparing___(prepare)hislessons
主动表被动:
①Theroomwants_cleaning____(clean).②Themethodneeds_improving__(improve).
③Thispairofshoesrequire__mending___(mend).
④Theproblemneeds_workingout_(workout).
⑤Thequestioniswellworth_discussing____(discuss)
d)动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”,后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动
作”。
当用在should,would之后时,只跟不定式。
Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?
动名词的复合结构
动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语,构成动名词的复
合结构或动名词短语
a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。
Nixon’svisitingChinamarkedanewyearbetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代
Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.
b.在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人
称代词宾格。
Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.
分词
(一)分词的作用现在分词表示:
主动,动作正在进行。
过去分词表示:
被动,动作已经完成。
1.作定语
Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?
HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun?
2.作表语
Weareexcitedatthenews.
Thenewshetoldusisexciting.
3.作宾语补足语
Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.
Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.
4.作状语
Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.
Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.
分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。
现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:
现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成
1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.
(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.
2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.(Whentheyheardthebadnews)
3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)
4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.
Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(Becausehewassoangry)
Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)
Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)
(二)分词的时态
现在分词分一般式和完成式,而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生,或在谓语动词之前发生。
Knowinghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.
现在分词的完成时,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
(三)现在分词的被动式
被动一般式beingdone被动完成式havingbeendone
Thisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.
(四)分词的否定形式
分词的否定式,由not+分词构成,例如:
Nothavingheardthenews.Iwrotetohimagain.
Notk
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