初中英语大纲.docx
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初中英语大纲.docx
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初中英语大纲
日常交际用语简表
(DailyExpressionsinCommunication)
1.问候 Greetings
a.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi.
Howareyou?
b.Fine,thankyou.Andyou?
Verywell,thankyou.
2.介绍 Introductions
a.ThisisMr/Miss/Mrs....
b.Howdoyoudo?
Nice/Gladtosee/meetyou.
c.Mynameis...I’mastudent/workeretc.(here).
3.告别 Farewells
a.Ithinkitstimeforustoleavenow.
b.Goodbye!
(Bye-bye!
Bye!
)
Seeyoulater/tomorrow.(Seeyou.)
Goodnight.
4.打电话 Makingtelephonecalls
a.Hello!
MayIspeakto...?
b.Holdon,please.
He/Sheisn’thererightnow.
CanItakeamessageforyou?
c.I’mcallingtotell/askyou....
d.Goodbye.
5.感谢和应答 Thanksandresponses
a.Thankyou(verymuch).
Thanksalot.
Manythanks.
Thanksfor....
b.Notatall.
That’sallright.
You’rewelcome.
6.祝愿、祝贺和应答 Wishes,congratulationsandresponses
a.Goodluck!
Bestwishestoyou.
Haveanice/goodtime.
Congratulations!
b.Thankyou.
c.HappyNewYear!
MerryChristmas!
Happybirthdaytoyou.
d.Thesametoyou.
7.意愿 Intentions
I’mgoingto....
Iwill....
I’dliketo....
Iwant/hopeto....
8.道歉和应答 Apologiesandresponses
a.I’msorry.(Sorry.)
I’msorryfor/about....
Excuseme.
b.That’sallright.
Itdoesn’tmatter.
That’snothing.
9.遗憾和同情Regretsandsympathy
Whatapity!
Imsorrytohear....
10.邀请和应答 Invitationsandresponses
a.Willyoucometo...?
Wouldyouliketo...?
b.Yes,I’dloveto....
Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.
c.I’dloveto,but....
11.提供(帮助等)和应答 Offersandresponses
a.CanIhelpyou?
WhatcanIdoforyou?
Here,takethis/my....
Letme...foryou.
Wouldyoulikesome...?
b.Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/fine.
Thankyouforyourhelp.
Yes,please.
c.No,thanks/thankyou.
That’sverykindofyou,but....
12.请求允许和应答 Askingforpermissionandresponses
a.MayI...?
Can/CouldI...?
b.Yes/Certainly.
Yes,doplease.
Ofcourse(youmay).
That’sOK/allright.
c.I’msorry,but....
You’dbetternot.
13.表示同意和不同意 Expressingagreementanddisagreement
a.Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.
Yes,please.
Yes,Ithinkso.
That’strue.
Allright/OK.
That’sagoodidea.
Iagree(withyou).
b.No,Idon’tthinkso.
I’mafraidnot.
Ireallycan’tagreewithyou.
14.表示肯定和不肯定 Expressingcertaintyanduncertainty
a.I’msure.
I’msure(that)....
b.I’mnotsure.
I’mnotsurewhether/if....
c.Maybe/Perhaps.
15.喜好和厌恶 Likesanddislikes
a.Ilike/love...(verymuch).
Ilike/loveto....
b.Idon’tlike(to)....
Ihate(to)....
16.谈论天气 Talkingabouttheweather
a.What’stheweatherliketoday?
How’stheweatherin...?
b.It’sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy,etc.
It’sratherwarm/cold/hot/etc.today,isn’tit?
17.购物 Shopping
a.WhatcanIdoforyou?
May/CanIhelpyou?
b.Iwant/I’dlike....
Howmuchisit?
That’stoomuch/expensive,I’mafraid.
That’sfine.I’lltakeit.
Letmehave...kilo/box,etc.
c.Howmany/muchdoyouwant?
Whatcolour/size/kind/doyouwant?
d.Doyouhaveanyotherkind/size/colour,ect.?
18.问路和应答 Askingthewayandresponses
a.Excuseme.Where’sthemen’s/ladies’room?
Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto...?
HowcanIgetto...?
Idon’tknowtheway.
b.Godownthisstreet.
Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.
It’sabout...metresfromhere.
19.问时间或日期和应答 Askingthetimeordateandresponses
a.Whatdayis(it)today?
What’sthedatetoday?
Whattimeisit?
What’sthetime,please?
b.It’sMonday/Tuesday,etc.
It’sJanuary10th.
It’sfiveo’clock/halfpastfive/aquartertofive/fivethirty,etc.
It’stimefor....
20.请求 Requests
a.Can/Couldyou...forme?
Will/Wouldyouplease...?
MayIhave...?
b.Pleasegive/passme....
Pleasewait(here/amoment).
Pleasewait(for)yourturn.
Pleasestandinline/lineup.
Pleasehurry.
21.劝告和建议 Adviceandsuggestions
a.You’dbetter....
Youshould....
Youneed(to)....
b.Shallwe...?
Let’s....
What/Howabout...?
22.禁止和警告 Prohibitionandwarnings
a.Youcan’t/mustn’t....
Ifyou...,you’ll....
b.Takecare!
Becareful!
23.表示感情 Expressingcertainemotions
a.喜悦 Pleasure,joy
I’mglad/pleased/happyto....
That’snice.
That’swonderful/great.
b.焦虑 Anxiety
What’swrong?
What’sthematter(withyou)?
I’m/He’s/She’sworried.Oh,whatshallI/wedo?
c.惊奇 Surprise
Really?
Oh,dear!
Isthatso?
24.就餐 Takingmeals
a.Whatwouldyouliketohave?
Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?
b.I’dlike....
Wouldyoulikesomemore...?
Helpyourselftosome....
c.Thankyou.I’vehadenough./Justalittle,please.
25.约会 Makingappointments
a.Areyoufreethisafternoon/evening?
Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?
Shallwemeetat4:
30at...?
b.Yes,that’sallright.
Yes,I’llbefreethen.
c.No,Iwon’tbefreethen.ButI’llbefree....
d.Allright.Seeyouthen.
26.传递信息 Passingonamessage
a.Willyoupleasegivethisnote/messageto...?
b....askedmetogiveyouthisnote.
c.Thanksforthemessage.
27.看病 Seeingthedoctor
a.There’ssomethingwrongwith....
I’vegotacough.
Ifeelterrible(bad).
Idon’tfeelwell.
I’vegotapainhere.
Thisplacehurts.
b.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.
It’snothingserious.
You’llbeallright/wellsoon.
28.求助 Callingforhelp
a.Help!
b.What’sthematter?
29.处理交际中的障碍 Languagedifficulties
Pardon.
Pleasesaythatagain/moreslowly.
Whatdoyoumeanby...?
I’msorryIcan’tfollowyou.
I’msorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.
30.常见的标志和说明 Somecommonsignsandinstructions
BUSINESSHOURS FRAGILE
OFFICEHOURS THISSIDEUP
OPEN MENU
CLOSED NOSMOKING
PULL NOPARKING
PUSH NOPHOTOS
ON DANGER!
OFF PLAY
ENTRANCE STOP
EXIT PAUSE
INSTRUCTIONS
语法项目表
(加“*”号的项目只要求理解)
1.词类:
1)名词2)形容词3)副词4)动词5)代词6)冠词7)数词8)介词9)连词10)感叹词
*2.构词法:
1)合成法classroom,something,reading-room
2)派生法worker,drawing,quickly,careful,kindness,
cloudy,unhappy
3)转化法hand(n.)—hand(v.)
dry(adj.)—dry(v.)
3.名词
1)可数名词和不可数名词
2)名词的复数
3)专有名词
4)所有格
4.代词
1)人称代词的主格和宾格形式
2)物主代词的形容词与名词性形式
3)反身代词myself,himself,ourselves,etc.
4)指示代词this,that,these,those
5)不定代词some,any,no,etc.
6)疑问代词what,who,whose,which,etc.
5.数词 基数词和序数词
6.介词 词汇表中所列介词的基本用法
7.连词 词汇表中所列连词的基本用法
8.形容词
1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法
2)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法
(1)构成-er,-est;more,themost
(2)基本句型
as+原级形式+as...
notas(so)+原级形式+as...
比较级形式+than...
the+最高级形式+...in(of)...
9.副词
1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法
2)疑问副词when,where,how
3)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)
(1)构成-er,-est;more,themost
(2)基本句型
as+原级形式+as...
notas(so)+原级形式+as...
比较级形式+than...
the+最高级形式+...in(of)...
*10.冠词 一般用法
11.动词
*1)动词种类
(1)行为动词或实义动词
1及物动词
2不及物动词
(2)连系动词be,look,turn,get,become,etc.
(3)助动词be,do,have,shall,will,etc.
(4)情态动词can,may,must,need,etc.
2)时态
(1)一般现在时
Igetupatsixo’clockeverymorning.
Hedoesn’tspeakRussian.
Theyareverybusy.
Themoonmovesroundtheearth.
Whenyouseehim,tellhimtocometomyplace.
I’llgotoseeyoutonightifI’mfree.
(2)一般过去时
IwasinGradeOnelastyear.
Igotupatfiveyesterday.
(3)一般将来时
1.shall(will)+动词原形
Ishall(will)gotoyourschooltomorrowafternoon.
Shewillbeheretomorrow.
2.begoingto+动词原形
I’mgoingtohelphim.
(4)现在进行时
We’rereadingthetextnow.
They’rewaitingforabus.
(5)现在完成时
Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.
Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.
*(6)过去进行时
Wewerehavingameetingthistimeyesterday.
TheteacherwastalkingtosomeparentswhenIsawher.
*(7)过去完成时
WehadlearnedfourEnglishsongsbytheendoflastyear.
ThefilmhadalreadybegunwhenIgottothecinema.
ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceheleftBeijing.
*(8)过去将来时
Hesaidhewouldgotothecinemathatevening.
BettysaidshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSunday.
3)被动语态
(1)一般现在时的被动语态
Englishistaughtinthatschool.
(2)一般过去时的被动语态
Thesongwaswrittenbythatworker.
(3)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态
Shemustbesenttohospitalatonce.
4)动词不定式
*
(1)作主语
Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.
Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.
(2)作宾语
Theybegantoread.
(3)作宾语补足语
Jimaskedmetohelphimwithhislessons.
Weoftenheardhersing.
*(4)作定语
Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.
(5)作状语
Shewenttoseehergrandmayesterday.
(6)用在how,when,where,what,which等之后
Idon’tknowhowtouseacomputer.
Doyouknowwhentostart?
Hedidn’tknowwhattodonext.
12.句子种类
1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)
2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)
3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)
*4)感叹句
*13.句子成份
1)主语
Bettylikeshernewbike.
Hegetsupearlyeve
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