Robert Lee FrostWord文件下载.docx

Robert Lee FrostWord文件下载.docx

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Personallife

RobertFrost'

spersonallifewasplaguedwithgriefandloss.In1885whenFrostwas11,hisfatherdiedoftuberculosis,leavingthefamilywithjusteightdollars.Frost'

smotherdiedofcancerin1900.In1920,FrosthadtocommithisyoungersisterJeanietoamentalhospital,whereshediednineyearslater.MentalillnessapparentlyraninFrost'

sfamily,asbothheandhismothersufferedfromdepression,andhisdaughterIrmawascommittedtoamentalhospitalin1947.Frost'

swife,Elinor,alsoexperiencedboutsofdepression.

ElinorandRobertFrosthadsixchildren:

sonElliot（1896–1904,diedofcholera）;

daughterLesleyFrostBallantine（1899–1983）;

sonCarol（1902–1940,committedsuicide）;

daughterIrma（1903–1967）;

daughterMarjorie（1905–1934,diedasaresultofpuerperalfeverafterchildbirth）;

anddaughterElinorBettina（diedjustthreedaysafterherbirthin1907）.OnlyLesleyandIrmaoutlivedtheirfather.Frost'

swife,whohadheartproblemsthroughoutherlife,developedbreastcancerin1937,anddiedofheartfailurein1938.

Hismajorworks:

　　HisfirstbookABoy'

sWill（1913）,whoselyricstraceaboy'

sdevelopmentfromself-centeredidealismtomaturity,ismarkedbyanintensebutrestrainedemotionandthecharacteristicflavorofNewEng1andlife.

Hissecondbook,avolumeofpoemsNorthofBoston（1914）,isdescribedbytheauthoras"

abookofpeople,"

whichshowsabrilliantinsightintoNewEnglandcharacterandthebackgroundthatformedit.Manyofhismajorpoemsarecollectedinthisvolume,suchas"

MendingtheWall,"

inwhichFrostsawmanaslearningfromnaturethezonesofhisown1imitations,and"

HomeBuria1,"

whichprobesthedarkercornersofindividuallivesinasituationwheremancannotacceptthefactsofhiscondition.

MountainInterval（19l6）containssuchcharacteristicpoemsas"

TheRoadNotTaken,"

"

Birches"

.NewHampshire（1923）thatwonFrostthefirstoffourPulitzerPrizesincludes"

StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening"

whichstemsfromtheambiguityofthespeaker'

schoicebetweensafetyandtheunknown.

ThecollectionWest-RunningBrook（1928）posesdisturbinguncertaintiesaboutman'

sprowessandimportance.

CollectedPoems（l930）andAFurtherRange（1935）gatheredFrost'

ssecondandthirdPulitzerPrizes.Bothtranslatemodernupheavalintopoeticmateria1thepoetcouldskillfullycontrol.

AFurtherRange（1935）gatheredFrost'

ssecondandthirdPulitzerPrizes.Bothtranslatemodernupheavalintopoeticmateria1thepoetcouldskillfullycontrol.

Frost'

sfourthPulitzerPrizewasawardedforAWitnessTree（l942）whichincludes"

TheGiftOutright,"

（彻底的礼物）thepoemhelaterrecitedatPresidentKennedy'

sinauguration.Frosttookupareligiousquestionmostnotablyin"

AfterApple-Picking:

"

canaman'

sbesteffortseversatisfyGod?

AMasqueofReason（l945）andAMasqueofMercy（1947）arecomic-seriousdramaticnarratives,inbothofwhichbiblicalcharactersinmodernsettingsdiscussethicsandman'

sre1ationstoGod.

　　1.thesubjectmattersofhispoetry:

（1）RobertFrostismainlyknownforhispoemsconcerningNewEnglandlife.GenerallyFrostisconsideredaregionalpoetwhosesubjectmattersmainlyfocusonthelandscapeandpeopleinNewEngland.Thesethematicconcernsincludetheterrorandtragedyinnature,aswellasitsbeauty,andthe1onelinessandpovertyoftheisolatedhumanbeing.ButfirstandforemostFrostisconcernedwithhisloveoflifeandhisbeliefinaserenitythatonlycamefromworkingusefully,whichhepracticedhimselfthroughouthislife.

（2）Frostwrotemanypoemsthatinvestigatethebasicthemesofman'

slife:

theindividual'

srelationshipstohimself,tohisfellow-man,toworld,andtohisGod.Profoundmeaningsarehiddenunderneaththeplainlanguageandsimpleform.Hispoetry,byusingnatureasastorehouseofanalogyandsymbol,oftenprobesmysteriesofdarknessandirrationalityinthebleakandchaoticlandscapesofanindifferentuniversewhenmenstandalone,unaidedandperplexed.

sstyleinlanguage:

　　1.Byusingsimplespokenlanguageandconversationalrhythms,Frostachievedaneffortlessgraceinhisstyle.

2.Hecombinedtraditiona1verseforms--thesonnet,rhymingcoup1ets,blankversewithaclearAmericanlocalspeechrhythm,thespeechofNewEnglandfarmerswithitsidiosyncratic（特殊的）dictionandsyntax.

3.Inverseformhewasassorted;

hewroteinboththemetricalformsandthefreeverse,andsometimeshewroteinaformthatborrowsfreelyfromthemeritsofboth,inaformthatmightbecalledsemi-freeorsemi-conventional.

Blankverseisatypeofpoetry,distinguishedbyhavingaregularmeter,butnorhyme.InEnglish,themetermostcommonlyusedwithblankversehasbeeniambicpentameter（asusedinShakespeareanplays）.

五步抑扬格（iambicpenta-meter）有以下几个特点：

　　1．每一行诗有十个音节。

　　2．每十个音节中分五个音步。

　　3．每一个音步有两个音节，重音落在第二个音节上。

　SelectedReadings:

　　l.AfterApple-Picking

　　Thispoemissovividamemoryofexperienceonthefarminwhichtheendoflaborleavesthespeakerwithasenseofcompletionandfulfillmentyetfindshimblockedfromsuccessbywinter'

sapproachandphysicalweariness.Ontheonehand,Frostexpressedhisloveoflifeandhisbeliefinaserenitythatonlycamefromworkingusefully.Ontheotherhand,thepoetwasconcernedwithindividual'

srelationshipstohimself,tohisfellow-man,toworld,andtohisGod.Hetookupareligiousquestion:

　　BesidesthisisatypicallyricpoemdescribingthepastorallandscapeinNewEngland.Symbolsandimagesfromthepastorallandscapetorefertothegreatworldbeyondtherusticscene.

　　Thelanguageofthispoemischaracterizedbysimplespokenlanguageandconversationalrhythms,thecombinationoftraditiona1verseforms--thesonnet,rhymingcoup1ets,blankversewiththespeechofNewEnglandfarmerswithitsidiosyncraticdictionandsyntax.Frostwroteinboththemetricalformsandthefreeverse,inaformthatmightbecalledsemi-freeorsemi-conventional.

RobertFrost

TWOroadsdivergedinayellowwood

AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth

Andbeonetraveler,longIstood

AndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould

Towhereitbentintheundergrowth

Thentooktheother,asjustasfair

Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim

Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear

Thoughasforthatthepassingthere

Hadwornthemreallyaboutthesame

Andboththatmorningequallylay

Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack

Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday

Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway

IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback

Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh

Somewhereagesandageshence

Tworoadsdivergedinawood

andI—Itooktheonelesstraveledby

Andthathasmadeallthedifference

　2.TheRoadNotTaken

（1）Thetheme:

Thispoemseemstobeaboutthepoet,walkinginthewoodsinautumn,hesitatingforalongtimeandwonderingwhichroadheshouldtakesincetheyarebothpretty.Inreality,thisisameditativepoem.Itconcernstheimportantdecisionswhichonemusttakeinthecourseoflife,whenonemustgiveuponedesirablethinginordertopossessanother.Then,whatevertheoutcome,onemustaccepttheconsequencesofone'

schoiceforitisnotpossibletogobackandhaveanotherchancetochoosedifferently.Inthepoem,hefollowedtheonewhichwasnotfrequentlytravelledby.Symbolically,hechosetofollowanunusual,solitarylife;

perhapshewasspeakingofhischoicetobecomeapoetratherthansomecommonprofession.Buthealwaysrememberedtheroadwhichhemighthavetaken,andwhichwouldhavegivenhimadifferentkindoflife.

（2）Language:

Thispoemiswritteninclassicfive-linestanzas,withtherhymeschemea-b-a-a-bandconversationalrhythm.Thepoetuses"

theroad"

tosymbolizelife'

sjourney

StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening[雪夜林边小驻]

---byRobertFrost

WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow,

我知道林子的主人是谁，

Hishouseisinthevillagethough.

虽村落是他所居之地。

Hewillnotseemestoppinghere,

他不会看到我停留于此，

Towatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.

凝视他的林子雪花纷飞。

Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer,

我的小马一定以我为怪，

Tostopwithoutafarmhousenear,

近无房舍，为何停伫。

Betweenthewoodsandfrozenlake,

况只有林子与冰湖，

Thedarkesteveningoftheyear.

和一年中最黑之夜。

Hegiveshisharnessbellsashake,

他轻摇铃具

Toaskifthereissomemistake.

询问有错与否。

Theonlyothersound'

sthesweep,

唯一的回复来自，

Ofeasywindanddownyflake.

软雪和清风。

Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep.

林子很美——昏暗而幽深，

ButIhavepromisestokeep,

但我已有约定。

AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.

沉醉前还有一段路要走

AndmilestogobeforeIsleep

沉醉前还有一段路要走。

　　3.StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening雪夜林边小伫

Thisisadeceptivelysimplepoeminwhichthespeakerliterallystopshishorseinthewintertwilighttoobservethebeautyoftheforestscene,andthenismovedtocontinuehisjourney.

（2）inthispoemthepoet