江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练三语篇解读Word格式文档下载.docx
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江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练三语篇解读Word格式文档下载.docx
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•Beconsideratewithotherwaste
Ifusingaportabletoiletalwaysthrowawayyourtoiletwasteataproperwastestation.Inthebackcountry,buryyourtoiletwasteinashallowholeawayfromwaterways.
•KeepNewZealand’swaterclean
Becausesoapsandotherwastescanharmwaterways,becarefulyourwashingwaterdoesn’tpollutethesea,lakesandrivers.
•Takecarewithfire
Alwaysobservedistrictfirebans.Becarefulifyousmokeorhaveanoutdoorfireorbarbecue—makesureashesarecoldbeforeleaving.
•Camporpicniccarefully
Whencampingorpicnicking,usefacilitiesprovided.
•Keeptothetrack
Keeptothetrack,whereoneexists,soyoulessenthechanceofdamagingfragileplants.
•Beconsiderate
Whendriving,minimizenoiseandobservenosmokingsigns.
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文——游客行为规范。
文章主要列举了去新西兰旅游应该注意的事项。
56.AccordingtotheCode,visitorsshouldact.
A.withcareandrespect
B.withreliefandpleasure
C.withcautionandcalmness
D.withattentionandobservation
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据文章的内容可知,游客去新西兰时,要当心,不要带入有可能对新西兰产生破坏的物品,也要尊重自然、保护环境,文中的各个小标题均是对该内容的体现,因此选A。
57.WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand?
A.Takeyourowncampingfacilities.
B.Buryglassfarawayfromrivers.
C.Followthetrackforthesakeofplants.
D.Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据文中Keeptothetrack部分中的内容可知,游客要沿着路径行走,减少破坏脆弱植物的几率,因此选C。
B
IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.
Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.
Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.
Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging(包装)itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.
TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.
Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(动机)forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?
Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap(气泡垫)thatencasedyourtelevision?
Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。
文章讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关的解决措施。
58.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellusthat.
A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmall
B.e-wastedeservestobemadegooduseof
C.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetals
D.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste
答案 B
该研究表明电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量很高,再根据全文作者的写作目的可知,作者意在说明电子垃圾值得被充分利用。
因此选B。
59.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended.
A.fromproducerstogovernments
B.fromgovernmentstoproducers
C.fromindividualstodistributors
D.fromdistributorstogovernments
根据文章最后一段可知,对电子垃圾的管理应该回到生产者那里,即以前是政府和纳税人对电子垃圾负责,现在应该扩展到生产商那里。
60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Theincreaseine-waste.
B.Thecreationofe-waste.
C.Theseriousnessofe-waste.
D.Themanagementofe-waste.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。
文章前半部分指出了电子垃圾的数量在不断增加及其危害,后半部分提出了如何处理这些垃圾,由此可推知,如何处理电子垃圾是文章的主旨,因此选D。
C
Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.
Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.
Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.,“Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome”)toanexternalfactor(e.g.,“IvolunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso”).Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.
Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?
Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience”.
Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam.”Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:
“Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity...ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。
文章论述了为什么很多人从事志愿活动,以及是什么让他们将从事志愿活动的兴趣保持下去的。
61.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof.
A.academicrequirementsB.socialexpectations
C.financialrewardsD.internalneeds
由第二段内容可知,人们从事志愿活动出于几个动机,如表达个人价值观、丰富个人经历、增强社会关系等,如果志愿工作的岗位不能满足这些需求,人们或许就不愿参加了。
由此可推知,人们从事志愿活动主要是出于个人的内在需求,故D项符合题意。
62.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?
A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.
B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.
C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.
D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.
根据第四段最后一句“Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento‘trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience’.”可知,研究者指出,应该注意让志愿者对棘手的情形有所准备,给他们提供应对困难的策略。
故B项符合题意。
63.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?
A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.
B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.
C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.
D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.
由最后一段第二句“Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.”可知,志愿者的角色认同感才是他们继续从事志愿活动的关键。
故C项符合题意。
64.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer
B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors
C.HowtoKeepVolunteers’Interest
D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities
解析 标题归纳题。
文章先由“为什么人们会做志愿者”开始,然后结合两组调查研究说明了人们能长时间做志愿者工作的原因,其最终目的是为了使人们参与到志愿者工作当中去,故A项符合题意。
D
FreedomandResponsibility
Freedom’schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.
Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatciviliza
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