英国文学复习.docx
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英国文学复习.docx
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英国文学复习
英国文学复习
题型:
1.填空10’
2.Terms5*5’
3.简答3*10’
4.Shortessay2*20’(4选2)
JaneAusten,Naipaul,CharlesDickens,EmilyBronte,DorisLessing,ThomasHardy
1.Romanticperiod
WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850(与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
TheLakePoets)①
1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgiveshim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”2.Itisblisstorecallthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:
Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女②
GeorgeGordonByron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824
(拜伦式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫,却充满了反抗精神。
恰尔德•哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。
)
“Byronichero”arenoblefiguresofproudness,mystery,romance,rebellionandloneliness,whoareagainsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.①
JaneAusten简•奥斯丁1775~1817lHerplots,thoughfundamentallycomic,highlightthedependenceofwomenonmarriagetosecuresocialstandingandeconomicsecurity.
Style:
acombinationofparody,burlesque,irony,freeindirectspeech,andadegreeofrealism.inwhichthethoughtsandwordsofthecharactersmixwiththevoiceofthenarrator.Reflectingfeministthemes.
①
【ElizabethBennet&Darcy】intheendfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved【Collins&CharlotteLucas】seetherealityofmarriageasanecessarystepifawomanistoavoidthewretchednessofagingspinsterhood【Lydia&Wickham】showthedangersoffecklessrelationshipsunsupportedbymoney.【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,LadyCatherinedeBurgh】comiccharacters
WalterlScott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832(历史小说之父”)Fatherofhistorynovels①
2.Victorianage1837—1901p126.
Socialbackground
TheVictorianeraoftheUnitedKingdomwastheperiodofQueenVictoria'sreignfrom20June1837untilherdeathon22January1901.ItwasalongperiodofprosperityfortheBritishpeople.Theeraisoftencharacterizedasalongperiodofpeace,knownastheeconomic,colonial,andindustrialconsolidation.
Threeperiods:
a.theearlyperiod1832-1848,aperiodofsocialunrest
√thephilosophyofUtilitarianism
b.themiddleperiod1848-1870,aperiodofeconomicprosperityandreligiouscontroversy
c.thelastperiod1870-1901,aperiodofdecayofVitoriavalues
SocialFeatures
1.TheBritishEmpireflourishedunprecedentedly.
2.The populationofEngland hadalmostdoubled
3.GothicRevivalarchitecture becameincreasinglysignificant
4.Popularformsofentertainmentvariedby socialclass.
5.Theimprovementofcommunicationlinks.
Theriseofworkingclass原因:
1.Industrialrevolution—theintroductionofthesteammachinemakeitpossibleforthecapitaliststohireunskilledworkers,suchaswomenandchildren,enlargingthenumberofworkingclassnationwide.
2.ThepassingofTheReformBillOf1867—extendedthevotingrighttoworkingclass.
3.TheChartistMovement.宪章运动.Demonstratethepoweroftheworkingclass.
Literarygenre文学流派
Criticalrealism
Time:
TheCriticalRealismflourishedinthe40sandthebeginningof50softhe19thcentury,romanticismprecededandmodernismsucceeded.Putsimply,CriticalRealismhighlightsaminddependentaspectoftheworld,whichreachestounderstandthemindindependentworld.
Featuresofcriticalrealism:
a.Tofullyandcomprehensivelydisplaythereality
b.Torevealthevicesandcorruptionsofthecapitalistsociety.
Therealistsfirstandforemostsetthemselvesthetaskofcriticizingcapitalistsocietyfromademocraticviewpointanddelineatedthecryingcharacterizationofbourgeoisreality.
c.Toputforwardwithquestionsandprovokepeople’sconcernovertheircurrentsituationandthesociety.
Quality:
CharlesDickensp135
CharlesDickenswasthemostpopularEnglishnovelistoftheVictorianera.
作品:
TheAdventuresofOliverTwist,TheLifeandAdventuresofNicholasNickleby,TheOldCuriosityShop,AChristmasCarol,TheLifeandAdventuresofMartinChuzzlewit,DombeyandSon,DavidCopperfield,BleakHouse,HardTimes:
ForTheseTimes,ATaleofTwoCities,GreatExpectations,OurMutualFriend,TheMysteryofEdwinDrood
风格:
Dickensisoftendescribedasusing“idealized”charactersandhighlysentimentalscenestocontrastwithhiscaricaturesandtheuglysocialtruthshereveals.
艺术技巧:
Realism,masteryofprose,comicgenius
BrontesistersP195
CharlotteBronte:
JaneEyre
EmilyBronte:
WutheringHeights
AnneBronte:
AgnesGrey
ThomashardyP231
TessoftheD’Urbervilles,Intimeofthebreakingofnations国家分裂时,Afterwards身后,JudetheObscure,Epic-drama:
thedynasty
3.Modernism(简答)
Theme:
p283
Alienationandloneliness
Features:
p283
1.complexityandobscurity
2.theuseofsymbol
3.allusion
4.irony
Source:
1.Thesocial,ideologicalbackgroundofthemodernEnglishliterature:
.Thesocial,ideologicalbackgroundofthemodernEnglishliterature:
(1)TheinfluencesofthetwoWorldWarsonEnglishliterature:
Modernismroseoutofskepticismanddisillusionofcapitalism.TheFirstWorldWarandtheSecondWorldWarhadgreatlyinfluencedtheEnglishliterature.ThecatastrophicWorldWartremendouslyweakenedtheBritishEmpire,severelydestroyedpeople'sfaithintheVictorianvalues,andcausetheeconomicdislocationandspiritualdisillusion.
(2)Ideologically,theriseoftheirrationalphilosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincitedmodernwriterstomakenewexplorationsonhumannaturesandhumanrelationships.(a)KarlMarxandFriedrichEngelsputforwardthetheoryofscientificsocialism,whichprovidedaguidingprinciplefortheworkingpeopleandinspiredthemtofightsfortheirownemancipation.(b)Darwin'stheoryofevolutioncausemanytolosetheirreligiousfaith.ThesocialDarwinismunderthecoverof"survivalofthefittest,"stronglyadvocatedcolonialism.(c)Einstein'stheoryofrelativityprovidedentirelynewideasfortheconceptsoftimeandspace.(d)Freud'sanalyticalpsychologydrasticallyalteredourconceptionofhumannature.
OscarWilde
Writing:
Heistherepresentativeofaestheticismanddecadence.Hebecameknownforhisinvolvementintherisingphilosophyofaestheticism(ledbytwoofhistutors,WalterPaterandJohnRuskin)
Aestheticism, late19th-centuryEuropeanartsmovementwhichcenteredonthedoctrinethatartexistsforthesakeofitsbeautyalone,andthatitneedservenopolitical,didactic,orotherpurpose.Themovementbeganinreactiontoprevailingutilitariansocialphilosophiesandtowhatwasperceivedastheuglinessandphilistinismoftheindustrialage.
ArtforArt'sSake:
•Referstoaliteraturemovementblossomedfromabout1868toabout1890.TheimprisonmentofOscarWildemarkstheendofthismovement.
•A.therewasnoconnectionbetweenartandmorality.
•B.LifeshouldcopyArt.
•D.Themaincharacteristicsofthemovementwere:
suggestionratherthanstatement,massiveuseofsymbols,correspondencebetweenwords,coloursandmusic.
Masterpieces:
童话:
《道林·格雷的画像》(ThePictureofDorianGray),《快乐王子和其他故事》(TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales),《夜莺与蔷薇(Thenightingaleandtherose)》,《自私的巨人(TheselfishGiant)》,《忠实的朋友(Thedevotedfriend)》
诗作:
《斯芬克斯》(Sphinx),《瑞丁监狱之歌》(TheBalladofReadingGaol)
剧本:
《薇拉》(Vera),《温德密尔夫人的扇子》(LadyWindermere`sFan),《帕都瓦公爵夫人》(TheDuchessofPadua),《无足轻重的女人》(AWomanofNoImportance),《认真的重要性》(TheImportanceofBeingEarnest)
E.pond:
E.pond(美)主要了解imagism
Imagismwasamovementinearly20th-centuryAnglo-Americanpoetrythatfavoredprecisionofimageryandclear,sharplanguage.TheImagistsrejectedthesentimentanddiscursivenesstypicalofmuchRomanticandVictorianpoetry.ItwasinitiallyledbyEzraPound,AmyLowell,andothers.Imagismcalledforareturntowhatwereseenasmoreclassicalvalues,suchasdirectnessofpresentationaswellasawillingnesstoexperimentwithnon-traditionalverseform.
EzraWestonLoomisPound(30October1885–1November1972)wasanAmericanexpatriatepoetandcriticandamajorfigureintheearlymodernistmovementinpoetry.HebecameknownforhisroleindevelopingImagism,whichfavoredtightlanguage,unadornedimagery,andastrongcorrespondencebetweentheverbalandmusicalqualitiesoftheverseandthemooditexpressed.Hisbest-knownworksincludeRipostes(1912),HughSelwynMauberley(1920),andhisunfinished120-sectionepic,TheCantos,whichconsumedhismiddleandlatecareer,andwaspublishedbetween1917and1969.
Frankenstein(简答)
ItisanovelwrittenbyMaryShelley.
MaryShelleywasaBritishnovelist,shortstorywriter,dramatist,essayist,biographer,andtravelwriter,bestknownforherFrankenstein,whichremainswidelyreadandhasinspiredmanytheatricalandfilmadaptations.
Themeandstyle:
Autobiographicalelements—ofteninterpretedasmaskedrewritingsofherlife,esp.therecurrenceofthefather–daughtermotifinparticular.
Novelisticgenres—employedthetechniquesofmanydifferentnovelisticgenres,mostvividlytheGodwiniannovel,WalterScott'snewhistoricalnovel,andtheGothicnovel
Gender—focusedontheroleofthefamilyinsocietyandwomen'srolewithinthatfamily
EnlightenmentandRomanticism—believedintheEnlightenmentideathatpeoplecouldimprovesocietythroughtheresponsibleexerciseofp
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