博士研究生入学考试英语试题Word下载.docx
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博士研究生入学考试英语试题Word下载.docx
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PartIIStructureandVocabulary(15points)
Directions:
Inthispart,therearefifteenincompletesentences.ForeachsentencefouralternativesA,B,CorDaregiven.DecidewhichofthealternativesbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronyourANSWERSHEET.
1.Itisrather______thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.
A.misleadingB.boringC.embarrassingD.demanding
2.Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment’s______policies.
A.economicalB.economicC.economyD.economics
3.Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramomentwhensomedistantmountainisnot______.
A.onviewB.ataglanceC.onthesceneD.insight
4.Beingimpatientis______withbeingagoodteacher.
A.intrinsicB.ingeniousC.incompatibleD.inherent
5.Shewasso______inherjobthatshedidn’thearanybodyknockingatthedoor.
A.attractedB.absorbedC.drawnD.concentrated
6.JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI______.
A.cuthimshortB.gavehimupC.turnedhimoutD.puthimthrough
7.WhenJackwaseighteenhe______goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.
A.tooktoB.tookupC.tookforD.tookon
8.Youseethelightning______ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.
A.theinstantB.foraninstantC.ontheinstantD.inaninstant
9.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems______towardsbrightstudents.
A.preferableB.partialC.beneficialD.liable
10.Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora______.
A.concessionB.submissionC.transmissionD.recession
11.Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand______.
A.vivaciousB.perilousC.introvertedD.lucrative
12.BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so______athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.
A.shrewdB.foxyC.considerateD.adroit
昆明理工大学博士研究生招生考试试题
13.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply______everycheatinthemarketplace.
A.inlieuofB.forthepriceofC.bycourtesyofD.atthemercyof
14.Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat______attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.
A.annoyanceB.resentmentC.offenceD.irritation
15.Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery______.
A.waxyB.stickyC.slipperyD.greasy
PartIII.ReadingComprehension(40points)
Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideontheBESTchoicesandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSHEET.
Passage1
TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas"
theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered."
Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.
Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.
Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate波动persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.
Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.
Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.
Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1,088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;
ice-coldwater,4,938;
granite,12,960;
hardwood,12,620;
brick,11,960;
glass,16,410to19,690;
silver,8,658;
gold,5,717.
16.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto______.
A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound
B.amachine
C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist
D.thepilotoftheplane
17.Soundisproducedby______.
A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair
B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond
C.thunders
D.aflyingplane
18.Decibelis______.
A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves
B.thepressureofradiatingwaves
C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound
D.thespeedofsound
19.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?
A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.
B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.
C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.
D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.
20.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?
A.ThePrefixMach.
B.TheSpeedofSound.
C.TheFrequencyofSound.
D.TheIntensityofSound.
Passage2
Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryaspectofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeideaofitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoobtainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.
Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseknowledgeofscienceissuperficial;
forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;
forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;
andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,orindependentlyofanycourse,simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.
Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometoconsistofmoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallpartsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.
Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatissomewhatsexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tobalancethisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatinghimandher.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgementoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.
Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asmanyotherscientistsdo,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.
21.Accordingtothepassage,‘scientificsubculture’means______.
A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists.
B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited
C.thescientificcommunity
D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience
22.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause______.
A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.
B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.
C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.
D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.
23.Thebookmentioned
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