英美文化差异论文DOC毕设论文Word格式文档下载.docx
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英美文化差异论文DOC毕设论文Word格式文档下载.docx
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相反,缺乏了解英语文化背景知识必然导致交际障碍,冲突和误解。
我的论文所谈的不是因为语法结构出错而导致的词不达意,而且指说话方式的不妥,或不符合表达的习惯,或说得不合时宜。
说话人未能按照英美人的社会风俗习惯来交谈所造成的失误。
交际文化涉与面非常广,从日常见面问候、称赞、致、道歉到了解掌握委婉语、禁忌语乃至体态语言等,所以我们要在培养学生英语语言能力的同时,更多地让同学们识别和了解英汉两种交际文化的差异。
让我们更深入的学习英语,了解英语文化的背景和我们学习英语息息相关。
让更多的中国英语使用者在跨文化交际中意识到文化差异的存在,从而知道如何避免由于这种差异带来不必要的冲突,误解和尴尬,让他们在跨文化交际中能进行无障碍的交流。
关键词:
文化差异语言能力文化背景跨文化
Abstract
Cultureisacomplex,includingknowledgeandbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andmembersofthesocietywhoacquiredasanyothercapabilitiesandhabits.Theprocessofcommunicationispeopleusethelanguageknowledgeandsocialandculturalknowledgetransferinformationprocess,solearninglanguageandunderstandinglanguagereflecttheculturalbackgroundknowledgeisnotdivided.UnderstandingofEnglishcultureknowledge,helpcommunicationunblockedandefficientmanner.Instead,lackofunderstandingofEnglishculturalbackgroundknowledgewillinevitablyleadtocommunicationbarriers,conflictandmisunderstanding.Mythesisnotbecausetheyaretalkingtogrammarmistakes,andreferstothewaythethoughtofnotsatisfactory,ordonotaccordwiththehabitofexpression,or,tobeoutofdate.SpeakerfailstotheAnglo-Americansocialcustomcausedbymistaketotalk.Rangeisverywide,communicationculturefromdailygreetings,praise,meetthanks,apologizetotheunderstandingoftheeuphemism,taboolanguageandevenposturelanguageetc,soweshouldintrainingstudents'
Englishlanguageability,meanwhile,moreletclassmatesrecognitionandunderstandingofthetwocommunicativeEnglishandChineseculturaldifference.Letusmorein-depthstudyEnglish,understandEnglishculturebackgroundandwelearnEnglishiscloselylinked.LetmoreChineseEnglishspeakersincross-culturalcommunicationisawareoftheculturaldifferences,andknowhowtoavoidunnecessarybecausethedifferenceofconflict,andmisunderstandingsandembarrassed,letthemincross-culturalcommunicationcanforfreely.
Keywords:
culturaldifferenceslanguageabilityculturalbackgroundcross-cultural
Contents
3.1.1ValuesofCollectivismandHarmony.....................................................................5
3.1.2HierarchyandHumility..........................................................................................5
3.1.3Courtesy/GoodManners........................................................................................5
3.2AmericanValuesandBeliefs.............................................................................................6
4ElaborationonthisDifferencefortheDailyCommunicationandInfluence.......................8
4.1FormsofAddress...............................................................................................................8
4.2GreetingandFarewell........................................................................................................9
4.5MiscellaneousCommunicationConsiderations..............................................................12
1Introduction
Withthedevelopingofsciencesandtechnologies,peoplewithdifferentculturalbackgroundsarecommunicatingmoreandmorefrequently.Peoplewithdifferentlifestyles,waysofthinking,behaviorandvaluesareinteractingmorewitheachother.Withmorecross-culturalcommunication,becauseofculturaldifferences,misunderstandingsmayarise,althoughthelanguageusedincommunicationmaybefaultless.Thesamewordsorexpressionsmaynotmeanthesamethingtodifferentpeoples.Duetoculturedifferences,aseriousquestionmaycauseamusementorlaughter;
aharmlessstatementmaycausedispleasureoranger.Culturaldifferencemayresultinjokesbyaforeignspeakerbeingreceivedwithblankfacesandstonysilence.Yetthesamestoriesinthespeaker’sowncountrymayleaveaudiencesholdingtheirsideswithlaughter.
Socialscientiststellusthatculturesdifferfromoneanother,andthateachcultureisunique.Culturaldifferencescanbeviewedasthewayinwhichothergroups,societiesorcountriesaresociallyorganized,developedandcommunicateandwhichhavecustoms,lawsandlifestylesdifferingfromotherethnographicgroups.
Asculturesarediverse,solanguagesarediverse.Itisonlynaturalthenthatdifferencesinlanguages,cancreatedifferencesincommunicatingbetweenculturesandacrosscultures.Understandingisnotalwayseasy.Itisthereforeveryimportanttobeawareofandunderstandculturedifferences,onlywiththatwillsomeoneknowhowtorespectotherculturesandhowtousetheirlanguageswellwhencommunicatingwiththem.
Agreementaboutasimplemeaningofcultureisnotinsight.Variousdefinitionsofculturereflectdifferingtheoriesforunderstanding—orcriteriaforevaluating—humanactivity.SirEdwardB.TylorwritingfromtheperspectiveofsocialanthropologyintheUKin1871describedcultureinthefollowingway:
“Cultureorcivilization,takeninitswideethnographicsense,isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”
“Cultureconsistsofallthesharedproductsofhumansociety”.Thismeansnotonlysuchvisiblethingsascities,organizationsandschools,butalsonon-materialthingssuchasideas,customs,familypatterns,languages.Tosimplify,culturereferstotheentirewayoflifeofasociety,“thewaysofapeople.”
Languageisapartofcultureandplaysaveryimportantroleinit.Somesocialscientistsconsideritthekeystoneofculture.Withoutlanguage,theymaintain,culturewouldnotbepossible.Ontheotherhand,languageisinfluencedandshapedbyculture;
itreflectsculture.Inthebroadestsense,languageisthesymbolicrepresentationofapeople,anditcomprisestheirhistoricalandculturalbackgroundsaswellastheirapproachtolifeandtheirwaysoflivingandthinking.
2ThePurposeandMeaningofthisResearch
2.1ThePurpose
Culture,asaterm,theelastic.somebodysaidthatthecultureasakindofcomplexsocialphenomenon,the19thcenturyenglishanthropologist(edwardtaylortylor)intheprimitiveculturesinaculture,giveoffaclassic:
thedefinitionof“cultureisacomplex,includingknowledgeandbelief,artsandlaw,morality,customsandasamemberofsocietyandanyotherabilityandhabit.”“Communicationprocessistheuseoflanguageknowledgeandsocialandculturalknowledgeoftheprocessofdeliveringinformation,solearningalanguageandunderstandingofthelanguageculturalinformationarenotdivorced.learnenglishculture,societywasclearandeffective.onthecontrary,knowledgeofenglishculturalbackgroundinevitablyleadtosocialbarriers,conflictsandmisunderstanding.Mypaperhasnotcausedanygrammaticalstructureofthelaunchesandmeanstospeakofit,ordoesnotaccordwithexpression,orratheroutdated.thespeakerfailedtofollowthebritishandamericansocialcustomtocomeby.Socialandculturalinvolvesverywide,greetingfromdailytomeet,praised,thankyou,sorrytolearntomastereuphemismandtaboowordsandbodylanguage,sowemusttrainstudentsinenglishlanguageability,moreandletthestudentstoidentifyandunderstandingbetweenthetwotypesofsocialandculturaldifferences.soichosetheunitedstatesindailycommunicationofculturaldifferences”thesubject.
2.2TheMeaning
RecentnewsreportsthataChinesestudents,violatingtheruleswithoutsecurity,rushedtotheairportwithgirlfriendgoodbyezone.Theresultsofthatairporthadtothousandsofpassengerstosafety,and"
goodbyesecurityevent"
occurredCterminalimplementingsixhoursofclosedmeasures,manyoperatorsflightshavethereforedelay.Fortheairport,smallkissuponeventsthatthenameoftheUnitedStatesforeignstudentsmustinspectsaviationsecurity,butamericansdon'
tthinkairlinesecurityisitems,andseriouslyworkhere,twocountriesindealingwithdifferentculturalproblemswillhavedistincteffect,likeourEnglishlearning,languageisthecarrierofculture,ispartofthecultureinhumanculture,theemergenceanddevelopmentprocessofwithculture,languageisalwaysthesynchronousdevelopmentchange.Therefore,Englishlearningisnotonlylanguagelearning,isalsoakindofculturestudy.However,inthecurrentstudy,oftenmoreconcernedexternalformoflanguageandgrammaticalstructure,andignorethelanguageoftheculturaldifferences,thiswillaffectourunderstandingandmasteringoflanguage.Letusmorein-depthstudyofenglish,Aboutenglishcultureandwelearnenglisharecloselyrelated.LetmorechineseEnglishstudentrealizedtheculturaldifferencesintheculturalcommunication,toknowhowtoavoidtheconflictbecauseofthedifferences,misunderstandingandawkward,Letthemintheculturalcommunicationinafluentcommunication.
3ComparisonoftheTraditionalCultures
3.1ChineseValuesandBeliefs
TraditionalChinesecultureevolvedverygraduallyoveralonghistoricalperiodintoaformofnationalspiritmanifestedingrouployalty.Itexpressesitselfinthemodesofthinkingandbehavior,inthenationaltemperamentandinotheraspectsofculturestillperceptiblyinfluentialtoday.Generallyspeaking,thetraditionalChineseculturevaluescanbesummedupasfollows:
Collectivism,Harmony,Hierarchy,HumilityandCourtesy.
3.1.1ValuesofCollectivismandHarmony
Akeybeliefofpeopleincollectivistculturesisthatthesmallestunitofsurvivalisthecollectiveorgroup.Chinesecultureischaracterizedasbeingcollectivismorientated.Thebasicunitisthefami
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