专升本英语语法与词汇讲义文档格式.docx
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专升本英语语法与词汇讲义文档格式.docx
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有些及物动词得复合宾语中得宾语补足语中不定式不带to:
使役动词haveletmakeplease;
感官动词feelhearlistentolookatnoticeobserveseewatch
(7)做主语补足语:
someonewasheardtoeupthestairs、
3、不定式得时态
(1)一般式:
表示与谓语动词得动作就是同时发生或就是在其后发生。
Ihavesomenewstotellyou
(2)进行式:
与谓语动词得动作就是同时发生,而且正在进行着。
Hewanttobedressing
(3)完成时:
表示动作发生在谓语之前
Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting
(二)动名词
doingreadingthebookquickly
2、语法功能:
(1)做主语:
Sayingiseasierthandoing
Itisnouseaskingheradvice、
(2)做表语:
thebestpolicyisbeinghonest
(3)做定语:
readingmaterial
(4)做动词宾语:
Ienjoyseeingyouandtalkingaboutoldtimes、
用作动名词做宾语得及物动词:
admitsuggestdislikeappreciatepleteconsiderdelaydenyenjoyescapefinishforgiveimaginekeepmindmisspermitpostponepracticepreventproposerequirerisksuggestcan’thelpgiveupkeeponputoff、
(5)做介词宾语:
Keeponlearningaslongasyoulive、
3、动名词时态
(1)一般式与谓语动词得动作同时或在其后发生
Iamthinkingofgettinganewdictionary、
(2)完成式在谓语动词之前发生
Iregrethavingtoldherthenews、
(三)现在分词
doing、
(1)做定语lifeisanexcitingbusiness、
(2)做状语hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforBeijing、
(3)做表语thefilmisverymovingandinstructive、
(4)做宾语补足语Isawhimenteringtheroom(比较:
Isawhimentertheroom)(四)过去分词
规则动词得过去式、过去分词“动词原形ed”;
不规则动词没有统一得规则。
(1)做定语:
Awatchedpotneverboiled、
(2)做状语:
Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight、
(3)做表语:
Iamconvincedofhishonesty、
(4)做宾语补足语
(五)分词得独立结构
逻辑主语+分词,逻辑主语可以就是分词得执行者,也可以就是承受者。
Weatherpermitting,weshallgothereonfoot、
Thisdone,wewenthome、
(六)现在分词与过去分词得区别
语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动;
时间上,现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示已经完成;
特征与状态上,现在分词表示特征,过去分词表示状态。
历年真题常考点:
1、If____tospeak,hehasnoproblemexpressinghimself、
A、askedB、askingCaskDtobeasked
2、Hewentontosaythatitwasasimportanttorespectothersas_____byothers、AtoberespectedBtorespectCbeingrespectedDrespected
3、Anystudent______inswimmingcanapplyformembership、
AhavingakeeninterestBwithakeeninteresting
CwhoiskeenlyinterestingDhasakeeninterest
4、When______theeducationsystemsofChinaandBritain,theprofessorgavehisownment、
AaskingtobeparedBaskedhimtopareCaskinghimtopare
Daskedtopare
5、Noonecanavoid_____byadvertisements、
AinfluencedBinfluencingCtoinfluenceDbeinginfluenced
6、Henry’sremarksleftme_____abouthisrealpurpose、
AwonderBwonderedCtowonderDwondering
7、Thegardenrequires______
AwateringBbeingwateredCtowaterDhavingwatering
8、Theyfoundthelecturehard______
AtounderstandBtobeunderstandCbeingunderstoodDunderstood9、It’snouse______menottoworryabouthisinjury、
AforyoutotellByourtellingCyoutellDhavingtold
10、______finishedhiswork,hehadtostayathomeattheweekend、
AHavingnotbeenBBeingnotCNothavingDHavingnot
11、_______fromspace,ourearth,withwatercovering70%ofitssurface,appearsasa”blueplanet”、
ASeenBSeeingCTobeseenDHavingseen
12、Whenthelittlegirlawoke,shefoundherself______byagroupofsoldiers、AsurroundBbesurroundedCbeingsurroundedDbeingsurrounding
13、Heenjoys______popmusicwhileIpreferclassicalmusic、
AtolistentoBtolistenClisteningDlisteningto
14、Mymobilephoneisn’tworking、It______、
AneedsbeingrepairedBneedsrepairingCneedstorepairDneedsrepaired
二、虚拟语气
语气表示说话人对谓语动词所表示得动作或所处状态持有得态度或瞧法。
陈述语气;
祈使语气;
虚拟语气
Keepoffthegrass
Theyellowleavesarefallingintheautumnwind、
虚拟语气表示说话者所说得并不就是事实,而就是一种假设、推测、建议或祝愿等。
(一)虚拟语气得结构:
1、在非真实条件从句得复合机中得用法
1)与现在事实相反:
if引导得条件句:
动词过去式或were
主句:
would+动词原形
2)与过去事实相反:
had+过去分词
would+have+过去分词
3)与将来事实相反:
should+动词原形;
wereto+动词原形主句:
例句:
ifIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou
Ifthemanagerwerehere,hemightmakeadecision
IcouldhavedoneitbetterifIhadbeenmorecareful
Ifheshouldfail,wewouldencouragehimtotryagain、IfheweretomarryJack,shewouldbehappy、
2、介词短语表示违背事实得假设条件,这时句中得谓语动词使用虚拟语气Withoutair,therewouldbenowindorclouds、
Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter、
3、在if引导得条件句中有were,had,should,could时,可以省略if,提前上述四词。
CouldyoumeetMary,youshouldnotbeabletorecognizeher、
(二)、在名词性从句中得用法
1、主语从句
(necessaryimportantessentialorderedmendedproposedsuggested)ItisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybeforeFriday、
2、宾语从句
(suggestinsistremendorderproposerequireadviserequestdesiremanddemand)
Sheinsistedthattheseatsshouldbebookedinadvance、
(三)其它情况
1、ifonly
2、asifasthough引导得从句用“were””had+过去分词”
Shelookedasifshewereill、
3、it’s(high/about)time(that)”过去式或should+动词原形”
4、wouldrather/’drather句型中用过去式或者过去完成时分别表示与现在与过去事实相反得愿望。
1、Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial______toitsburningtemperature、
AisheatedBwillbeheatedCbeheatedDwouldbeheated
2、Ifhehadbeeninbetterhealth,he_____morebooks、
AcanwriteBcouldhavewrittenCcouldwriteDhavewritten
3、It’shightime______aboutthetrafficproblems、
AsomethingwasdoneBsomethingisdone
CanythingwillbedoneDnothingtobedone
4、I’mnotsurprisedyoufailedtheexam、You______haveworkedharder、AshouldBmustCwouldDought
5、Theteacherinsistedthatwe_____ourhomeworkbefore9:
00、
AfinishedBhadfinishedCfinishDwasfinishing
6、Ipassedthetest、I_____itwithoutyourhelp、
AwouldnotpassBwouldn’thavepassedCdidn’tpassDhadnotpassed7、Itisnecessarythathe_____thetaskbytheendofnextweek
AfulfillBwillfulfillCwillhavefulfilledDfulfills
三、强调句与倒装句
强调就是为了加强句子得语气,突出说话重点;
英语书面语中表示强调得手段主要有词汇、语法与修辞三种。
(一)词汇手段
例如:
Heentirelyforgotthematter、
Howeverhardhetried,hecouldn’tliftthebox、
(二)语法手段
1、Itis/was+被强调得部分+that/who从句
ItisProfessorLithatsentmetheletter
Itisonlywhenoneisillthatoneknowsthevalueofhealth、
2、主语+do/does/did+动词原形+其它部分
Inthepast,somepeopledidthinkthattheearthwassquare、
3、Whatimpressedmemostwasherimage、
英语中得自然语序就是“主语在前,谓语在后”,倒装语序就是把谓语得一部分或者全部放在主语之前。
1、语法倒装句型
(1)表示否定或基本否定得词与词组放在句首引起倒装
(never/seldom/scarcely/hardly/rarely/little/not/nowhere/hardlywhen/nosoonerthan/innocase/innoway/onnoaccount/atnotime/notonlybutalso)
Nosoonerhadtheygottotheplantthantheystartedtowork、
(2)”only+状语”放在句首引起得倒装
Onlybyworkinghardcanonesucceed、
OnlyoncehaveIseenhim、
Onlyaftertheaccidentdidhebeecareful、
(3)反复倒装
(sonorneithernomore)
Theycanleavenow,socanwe、
Hedidn’tseethefilmlastnight,neitherdidhe、
(4)as引导得让步状语从句中得倒装
例如Strongastheenemyis,wearenotafraid、
(5)if引导得非真实条件句中省略if引起得倒装
历年真题考点:
1、Seldom_____insucharudeway、
AwehavebeentreatedBhavewebeentreat
CwehavetreatedDhavewetreated
2、Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhome_____sheremenberedherappointmentwiththedoctor、
AwhenBthatCandDwhere
3、Itwasatthemusichall______wemeteachotherforthefirsttime、
AwhenBwhereCwhichDthat
4、__________,everythingwouldhavebeenallright、
AHehadbeenhereBBeenherehehad
CHerehehadbeenDHadhebeenhere
5、__________,waterresourceshavebeenseverelywastedorpolluted、
ATheyarescarceBScarcetheyare
CScarceastheyareDAsScarcetheyare
6、_________tomorrow,hewouldbeabletoseetheopeningceremony、AWouldheeBIfheesCWasheingDWerehetoe
7、________thatthetradebetweenthetwocountriesreacheditshighestpoint、ADuringthe1960”BItwasinthe1960’s
CThatitwasinthe1960’sDItwasthe1960’s
8、________,hecouldn’tearnenoughtosupportthefamily、
AHardasheworkedBAsheworkedhard
CAshardheworkedDHardasdidhework
四、状语从句
在复合句中,起状语作用得从句叫做状语从句,修饰主句中得动词、形容词、副词。
类型包括:
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目得状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句。
历年考点总结:
1、比较级考查(比较状语从句)
1、Thehigheryoustand,___________、
AthefartheryoucanseeByoucanseefarther
CthemorefartheryoucanseeDthefarthercanyousee
2、Thenewcampusis_______astheoldone、
AtwiceasbigBastwicebigCtwicebigDbigastwice3、Privatecarshavemadethetrafficproblem_________、
AtheworsethanbeforeBworsethaneverbefore
CmorebadasbeforeDmorebadthanitwas
4、Betweenyouandme,thatboyofMary’swas__________、
AasfatasstrongBfatterthanstronger
CmorefatthanstrongDnotsofatasstrong
2、词汇积累
1、_________borninChicago,thewriterismostfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYorkCity、
AAlthoughBSinceCWhenDAs
2、Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeech______hewithdrew、
AthanBthatCwhenDas
3、对however/whenever/whoever/whatever/wherever得考查
1、______yousay,Iamsurethattheyoungmanisinnocent、
AWhateverBWhoeverCHoweverDWherever
2、Wemustbegintestingthisinstrument,nomatter____difficultitis、AhoweverBhowCwhateverDwhat
4、对as引导得让步状语从句得考查
1、Great_______thedifficultiwaare,wemustdoourbesttosucceed、AwhileBasCalthoughDhowever
五、主谓一致
主谓一致就是指两个语法成分,主语
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