英语四级长篇阅读习题及答案解析文档格式.docx
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英语四级长篇阅读习题及答案解析文档格式.docx
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长篇阅读题为英语四级考试的重要题型,阅读难度大,对考生的整体阅读能力有了更高的要求。
英语四级长篇阅读习题原文:
ABattleisLoomingoverRenewableEnergy,andFossilFuelInterestsareLosing
A.Instatecapitalsacrossthecountry,legislatorsaredebatingproposalstorollbackenvironmentalrules,proddedbyindustryandadvocacygroupseagertocurtail(缩减)regulationsaimedatcurbinggreenhousegases.
B.Themeasures,whichhavebeenintroducedinabout18states,lieattheheartofanefforttoexpandtothestatelevelthebattleoverfossilfuelandrenewableenergy.Thenewruleswouldtrimorabolishclimatemandates--includingthosethatrequireutilitiestousesolarandwindenergy,aswellasproposedEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyrulesthatwouldreducecarbonemissionsfrompowerplants.
C.Butthecampaign—despiteitsbackingfrompowerfulgroupssuchasAmericansforProsperity—hasrunintoasurprisingroadblock:
thegrowingpoliticalcloutofrenewable-energyinterests,eveninrock-ribbedRepublicanstatessuchasKansas.
D.Thestagehasbeensetforwhatonelobbyistcalled"
trenchwarfare"
asmoneyedinterestsonbothsideswrestleoversomeofthestrongestregulationsforpromotingrenewableenergy.Andtheissuesarelikelytosurfacethisfallinthemidtermelections,aswell,withCalifomiabillionaireTomSteyerpouringmoneyintovariousgubernatorial(州长的)andstateandfederallegislativeracestobackcandidateswhosupporttoughrulescurbingpollution.
E.Themulti-prongedconservativeefforttorollbackregulations,begunmorethanayearago,issupportedbyaloose,well.fundedconfederationthatincludestheU.S.ChamberofCommerce,theNationalAssociationofManufacturersandconservativeactivistgroupssuchasAmericansforProsperity,apoliticallyactivenonprofitorganizationfoundedinpartbybrothersDavidandCharlesKoch.Thesegroupsarguethatexistinggovernmentrulesviolatefree-marketprinciplesandwillultimatelydriveupcostsforconsumers.
F.Theproposedmeasuresaresimilarfromstatetostate.Insomecases,thelegislativelanguagematchesorcloselyresemblesmodelbillsandresolutionsofferedbytheAmericanLegislativeExchangeCouncil(ALEC),afree-market.orientedgroupofstatelawmakersunderwritteninpartbyExxonMobil,KochIndustries,DukeEnergyandPeabodyEnergy."
Nowmorethaneveristhetimeforstatestoleadtheway,"
ALECstopofficialstolditsmembersatameetinginDecember.
G.Thecoalitioncampaignshaveachieyedonlysymbolicvictoriesinafewstates.NonbindingresolutionscriticaloftheEPApowerplantproposalshavebeenapprovedinAlabama,Georgia,Nebraska,WestVirginiaandWyoming.Threeotherstates--Louisiana.MissouriandOhio—areweighinglegislationsimilartotheALECmodel.
H.Onlyoneofthe18statelegislatureshasapprovedamoresubstantivemeasurethatwouldreplacetheEPAspowerplantrules.Andeventhatbill.inKentucky,couldbackfirebygivingupachanceforthestatetodesignitsownprogramandforcingittoacceptafederalcomplianceprogram.
I."
Cleanenergyisbeginningtobecomemainstream,"
saidGabeEisner,executivedirectoroftheEnergyandPolicyInstitute,aclean-energythinktankinWashington."
Renewableenergyispopularandhasincreasedpoliticalpowernow,"
but,headded,"
thatpowerisstilleclipsedbytheresourcesofthefossilfuelindustry."
Asurprisinglytoughfight
J.Kansasmightbethebestplacetoseehowthesedynamicsareunfolding.
K.Thestatewasapromisingchoiceforaforay(攻击)againstrulesknownasrenewable-energystandards.whichsetminimumlevelsofrenewable-energyusebyelectricutilities.Variationsoftheseruleshavebeenadoptedinabout30states.eventhoughCongressdidnotpassafederalversionoftherequirement.InKansas,alawpassedin2009requiresutilitiestousewindandsolarpowertogenerateatleast15percentoftheirelectricitybv2016and20percentby2020.
L.Thecoalitionseekingtherepealoftherenewablemandatehadalltheingredientsforsuccess.Financial.musclecamefromtheKansasChamberofCommerce,whichlobbiedheavilyforrepeal.Inaddition,thestateishometoKochIndustries,theKochbrothersWichita-basedenergyconglomerate(集团).ThestaterepresentativeforWichita,RepublicanDennisHedke,hascalledthecompany"
oneofthegreatestsuccessstoriesintheworld"
andsaid"
theyaremakingverypositivecontributions."
Hedke
chairsthestateHousesEnergyandEnvironmentCommittee.
M.KochIndustries,alongwiththeutilityindustrysEdisonElectricInstituteandthenationsbiggestcoalcompany,PeabodyEnergy,havesupportedALEC.whichadvisedstatelawmakersonrepealstrategy.
N."
Kochhasconsistentlyopposedallsubsidiesandmandatesacrosstheboard.especiallyasitrelatestoenergypolicy,"
PhilipEllendeapresidentandchiefoperatingofficerofKochCompaniesPublicSector,saidinastatement,citingthecompanysoppositiontotherenewablefuelstandard,windproductiontaxcreditandethanol(乙醇)mandate."
Governmentshouldnotmandatetheallocationoruseofnaturalresourcesandrawmaterialsintheproductionofgoods."
O.Theideologicalcasewassupportedbyconservativethinktanks.KansansforLibertysupposedrepeal.andthestatebranchofAmericansforProsperitytoldsupportersthat"
greenenergymandatesreplacethefree-marketwithbureaucraticgovernmentoversight,drivingupcostsforhard—workingKansasfamilies."
Thenationalgrouphasspent$300.000inthestatepushingfortherollbackofrenewablestandards.
P.ConnectionstokeyKansaspoliticiansalsowerestron9.BoththeKansasstateSenatespresident.SusanWagle,andthespeakerofthestateHouse,RayMerrick,aremembersoftheALECboardandbackedrepeal."
TherepealoftheRPS[RenewablePortfolioStandards]fitsinlinewiththegoalsoftheorganization,"
saidWagle,whosaidshejoinedALECinthe1990sinconnectionwithheroppositiontohealth-carereforlnledbyHillaryRodhamClinton.thenthefirstlady.
Q.MoreovertheKansaseconomyreliesheavilyonfossilfuels.ThestateiSthenations10th.1argestproducerofcrudeoilandl2th-largestofnaturalgas,accordingtothefederalEnergyInformationAdministration.In2013,coal-firedpowerplantsprovided61percentofthestateselectricity,wellabovethenationalaverage.ButthestrongwindsthatblowacrossKansashavecarriednewinterestsintothestate.Kansasrankssixthinthecountryinwindoutput,whichjumpedbyathirdlastyearandequaled19percentofthestateselectricity,theEIAsays.
R.Thegrowingnumberofwindfarmsnotonlygeneratespowerbutroyaltiesforlandowners.DorothyBarnett,executivedirectoroftheClimateandEnergyProject,saidthatKansaslandownersreceivemorethan$13millionayear."
ThisissueisanissuethattouchesruralKansans,andwehavealotofruralKansaslegislators,"
shesaid.
英语四级长篇阅读习题选项:
46.ResolutionswithnobindingforcewhicharepickyabouttheEPApowerplantproposalshavebeenacceptedinmanystatessuchasAlabamaandGeorgia.
47.ItishopefultogainsuccessifKansasischosenastheforayagainsttherulesofrenewable-energystandardswhichminimizetherenewable-energyusebypowerplants.
48.KochCompanysPhilipEllendercitedthecompanysoppositiontotherenewablerulestoapproveitsobjectiontoallenergy-policy-concerningsubsidiesandmandates,andadvisedthatgovernmentletgooftheallocationoruseofmaterialsusedingoodsproduction.
49.TheissueisaproblemthatconcernsthebenefitsofpeopleintheruralKansas,andwehaveagreatmanylawmakersfromruralpartsofKansas.
50.TherequirementtoabolishtheRPScomplieswiththeorganizationstargets.
51.Themethodsadoptedbythel8statesarethekerneloftheattemptstolevelupthebattlebetweenfossilfuelandrenewableenergy.
52.Thestageisestablishedfortheso-called"
Wenchwarfare"
,forthemonetarybenefitsofbothpartshavebeenviolatedbythemostpowerfulrulestospreadrenewableenergy.
53.Theleaguewhichrequiresabolishingtherenewablemandatehadallthefactorstoachievesuccess.
54.However,thewindsthatsweepacrossKansashavebroughtnewbenefitstothestate.
55.Theall-sidedeffortswhichrollbacktherenewableruleshavebeenbackedbyaconfederationwithabundantcapital,themembersofwhichgoagainsttheexistinggovemmentrules.
英语四级长篇阅读习题答案:
46.ResolutionswithnobindingforcewhicharepickyabouttheEPApowerplantproposalshavebeenacceptedinmanystatessuchasAlabamaandGeorgia.那些对EPA电力公司的建议很挑剔的,不具有约束力的决议得到了阿拉巴马和佐治亚等州的支持。
47.ItishopefultogainsuccessifKansasischosenastheforayagainsttherulesofrenewable-energystandardsWhichminimizetherenewable-energyusebypowerplants.如果选择堪萨斯州来攻击那些规定了电力公司可再生能源最低使用量的可再生能源准则的话,取得成功是很有希望的。
【解析】K
48.KochCompanysPhilipEllendercitedthecompanysopposetotherenewablerulestoapproveitsobjectiontoallenergy-policy-concerningsubsidiesandmandates,andadvisedthatgovernmentletgooftheallocationoruseofmaterialsusedingoodsproduction.科氏公司的菲利普埃兰多引用了该公司对可再生能源规则的反对来证明其对所有与能源政策有关的资助与授权的异议,并且提议政府应该放开在商品生产中对材料的分配及使用。
【解析】N
49.TheissueisaproblemthatconcernsthebenefitsofpeopleintheruralKansas,andwehaveagreatmanylawmakersfromthatpart.这个问题是一个关系到堪萨斯州农村地区人们利益的问题,而且我们有很多立法人员都是从该地区来的。
【解析】R
50.TherequirementtoabolishtheRPScomplieswiththeorganizationstargets.废除RPS的要求与该组织的目标一致。
【解析】P
51.Themethodsadoptedbythe18statesarethekemeloftheattemptstolevelupthebattlebetweenfossilfuelandrenewableenergy.已有18个州采纳的这些措施是努力抬高化石燃料和可再生能源之间斗争的关键。
genchwarfare"
,forthemonetarybenef
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