高考定语从句复习必备Word文档格式.docx
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高考定语从句复习必备Word文档格式.docx
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1.关系代词的用法:
关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语等成分。
Thecomrade______visitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.(作主语)
Heisnolongertheman______heusedtobe.(作表语)
Thisisthebook______Ireferredtoinmytalk.(作宾语)
WeiFangisthestudent______homecaughtfirelastweek.(作定语)
使用关系代词值得注意以下几点:
that,which在从句中作主语时,不能省略;
作宾语时,在口语和非正式语中经常省略。
whom也常可省略。
Heistheman(whom)youhavebeenlookingfor.(作宾语)
that,which在从句中作主语时,如果先行词前面有序数词、最高级以及有theonly,thevery等修饰时,只能用that,不能用which。
如果先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,much等不定代词;
或是先行词被all,every,some,any,no,few,little等不定代词修饰时,一般要用that,但是something后面既可用that也可用which。
Titanicisthebestfilm______hasbeenshownthisyear.
Theonlything______mattersistofindourwayhome.
Thisistheverymagazine______youareafter.
I’lldoall______Icantohelpyou.
Isthereanything______Icandoforyouintown?
Thereissomething______keepsworryingme.“有一件事一直令我不安。
如果主句是由who,which,what引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,先行词后的引导词要用that,而不用who或which。
Whoistheman______isreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Whichisthedictionary______youboughtyesterday?
当先行词是anyone,those,he,she等代词表“人”时,一般用who而不用that。
同时要注意主谓一致的问题,即从句中谓语动词的数要由who所指代的“人”所决定.
Anyonewhowantsaticketpleasesignyournamehere.
ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7:
30p.m.
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
whose在定语从句中置于名词之前,充当定语,既可指人,又可指物。
whosexx=thexxofwhich(指物)/whom(指人)。
Pleasepassmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.(指物)
=Pleasepassmethedictionary___________________isblack.
Thedoctor,whosenamewasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.(指人)
=Thedoctor,_________________wasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.
介词+关系代词的用法
关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,不能用that,也不能省略,常用which或whom。
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定;
也可结合句意,根据先行词确定。
该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
Thepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury.
=Thepalace_______________Ioftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.
Ineedapen________________Icanwritealetter.
a.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,______hewentontoBeijingUniversity.[2007江苏卷]
A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat
b.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.[2007重庆卷]A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich
但遇固定词组时,介词一般紧跟词组主体,不作前置。
如:
Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?
(这里介词for一般不提前,因为lookfor是固定词组,意为“寻找”,介词for若被提前,单个的look意为“看”,句意不符。
)
先行词既有人又有物时,引导词只用that。
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)theyrememberedintheschool.
先行词是theway时,且在从句中充当方式状语时,其后的定语从句关系词有三种,例如:
Iliketheway______________theteachergiveshislessons.
Marxtoldustheway__wecouldlearnaforeignlanguagewell.A.whyB.howC.whichD.when
2.关系副词的用法
关系副词when,where,why,在从句中充当状语,分别可表时间、地点或原因。
但要注意与先行词在从句中做主语或宾语的情况相区别。
Iwillneverforgettheday________IfirstcametoBeijing.
Thisisthehouse________LuXunoncelived.
Canyoutellmethereason______yousoldyournewcar?
Eg.Iwillrememberthecottage____Ibuiltwithmywifetenyearsago.
A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.inthat
Iwillrememberthecottage____Iwasshutwithmywifetenyearsago.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inthat
Eg.Haveyouaskedherforthelastreason_______mayexplainherabsence?
A.whyB.thatC.becausethatD.which
Itisforthisreason____theclearskyoverthemountainappearsblue.
A.forwhichB.whyC.becauseD.that
c.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.[2007陕西卷]A.whichB.asC.whyD.where
d.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity__sightmattersmorethanhearing.
A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where[2007天津卷]
3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,去掉后主句意义就变得不明确,这种主句和从句的关系十分密切,主句与从句之间没有逗号分隔。
Thisisashopthatsellspersonalcomputers.//ThewatchthatIboughtyesterdayworkswell.
非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些,它对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后不影响主句意义。
因此,一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此类从句。
这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。
WeareallproudoftheGreatWall,whichisoneoftheman-madewondersoftheworld.
Myfather,whoisadoctor,oftenencouragesmetoworkhard.
e.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,___hefoundajobinabigcompany.[2007辽宁卷]
A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis
一种特殊的非限制性定语从句
在非限制性定语从句中,有时根据句子意思,常把some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等词、分数或百分比与ofwhom或ofwhich连用。
同时要注意主谓一致的问题,即从句中谓语动词的数要由xxofwhom或xxofwhich所指代的“人”或“物”所决定.
Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomareabroad.(比较:
Hehasfivechildren,and_______areabroad.)
f.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.[2007安徽卷]
A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
4.定语从句中as的用法
1)as引导的限制性定语从句:
当先行词前有as,thesame,such,so修饰时,关系代词常用as。
Asmanymembersaswerepresentagreedtotheplan.
I’dliketohavethesamebooks___________________与你们学校用的一样.
Heisnotsuchaperson____________________.我期待的那个人
2)as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的异同
which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,有时可以互换:
Ourteamlostthegame,as/whichwasreportedinthenewspaper.
Shewasterrified,as/whichIcouldseefromhereyes.
区别:
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾;
而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词后面或主句后面。
Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.
=Theelephant,_________________,islikeasnake.
=Theelephantislikeasnake,__________________.
Marywaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.(此处不能用as,为什么?
看课后作业第21题)
as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意,而which则无此意。
常用句型有:
asweallknow,asisknowntoall,aseverybodycansee,asisexpected等。
Asweallknow,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.
as引导的从句在意义上不能与主句相抵触,而which不受此限制。
试比较:
Hedidtheexperimentsuccessfully,_______hadbeenexpected.
Hefailedintheexperiment,________wasunexpected.
5.随堂练习:
1.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.(2005全国卷一I)
A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom
2.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—Thereisnooneelse___,isthere?
(2005北京)
A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturntoD.forhertoturn
3.Ifashophaschairs__womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where(2005上海)
4.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstuckbyfloods,from__effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.
A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what(2005天津)
5.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,______________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.(2005重庆)
A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime
6.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,___________shewantedtobe.(2005湖北)
A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
7.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop_______toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.
A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how(2005湖南)
8.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs___theyarebeingtrained.(2005江西)A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich
9.Thewayhediditwasdifferent__________wewereusedto.(2005江西)
A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich
10.Iwalkedinourgarden,___TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.(2005辽宁)
A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that
6.课后作业
11.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?
(2005福建)
—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock________hearrivedhome.
A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until
12.—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?
—Right,justtheone_________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
13.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,__________hewentontoCambridge.(2005山东)
A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis
14.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,__________surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.2005浙江)
A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it
15.____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmorning.2005浙江)
A.WhenB.afterC.AsD.Since
16.Theplace__thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe__thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.
A.which;
whereB.atwhich;
whichC.atwhich;
whereD.which;
inwhich(2005江苏)
17.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(2005广东)
A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that
18.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?
(2005北京春)
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what
19.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?
20.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__didn’thelp.(2005全国三)
A.itB.sheC.whichD.he
21.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,______meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.(2006江苏卷)
A.whoB.thatC.asD.which
22.Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.(2006福建卷)
A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
23.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,a
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