最新物流外文文献翻译Word下载.docx
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最新物流外文文献翻译Word下载.docx
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saying,“cuttingintosmallerparts”isthemostcommonlyseendistributionprocessing
withinlogisticscreateaddedvalueforgoods.
2.Logisticsisanewcommercialarea,developingfromthetraditionalstagetoamodernone.Themaindifferencesbetweenthesetwostageinclude:
(1)Modernlogisticsadoptscontainerizationtechniques.Thegoodstransferprocessstartswithpackaging,followedbytransportation,storageanddistribution.Thewholeprocessisoperatedunderlogisticsstandards.Basedonthelogisticsbasemoduleof
600X400mm,fromthelogisticsmoduleof1,2001,000mm,andenlargetothesizeof
2,591X2,438mm-thesizeofhighwideofthecontainer.Itcanbeadjustedtothestandardsizesofcontainersfortrains,trucksandships.
(2)Informationtechnologiesaremostimportantformodernlogistics.BarCode,POS,EDIandGPSsystemsdramaticallyimprovetheefficiencyandaccuracyofthelogisticsactivities.Internetfurtherassiststhemarketdevelopment,operationandmanagementofthelogisticsindustry.
3.lnternationalLogistics
Anincreasingnumberofcompaniesareinvolvingininternationalmarketsthroughexporting,licensing,joinsventures,andownership.Thistrendshouldcontinue.Withsuchexpansionthereisaneedtodevelopworldwidelogisticsnetworks.Integratedlogisticsmanagementandcostanalysiswillbemorecomplexanddifficulttomanage.
Therearesomefuturetrendsininternationalization:
(1)Morelogisticsexecutiveswithinternationalresponsibilities
(2)Expansionofthenumberandsizeofforeigntradezones.
(3)Reductionintheamountofinternationalpaperworkanddocumentation
(4)Moreforeignwarehousingisownedandcontrolledbytheexportingfirm
(5)Increasingnumberofsmallerfirm
(6)Foreignownershipoflogisticsservicefirms,e.g.,publicwarehousingandtransportationcarriers.
(7)Increasingmultipledistributionchannels
Theinternationaltransportandtheinternationallogisticsaresamethingsinsomeway.So,whentheinternationaltradinginvolved,thefirmmustestablishinternationallogisticssystemstoprovidetheproductsandservicedemanded.Themostsignificantdevelopmentininternationallogisticswillbetheincreasingsophisticationinformationsystemadoptedandindependentdepartmentstooperate.
4.Packaging.
Packagingperformstwobasicfunctions-marketingandlogistics.Inmarketingthe
packagingactspromotionandadvertising.Itssize,weight,color,andprintedinformationattractcustomersandconveyknowledgeoftheproduct.Whenfirmsareinvolvedininternationalmarketing,packagingbecomesevenmoreimportant.Productssoldtoforeigncountriestravelgreaterdistancesandundergomorehandlingoperations.Thelogisticspackageistoprotecttheproductsduringtheprocessoflogistics.
Scrapdisposal.Thelogisticsprocessmusteffectivelyandquicklyhandle,transport,andstorewasteproducts.Iftheycanbereusedorrecycled,logisticscompanyshouldarrangeandmovethemtothere-productionandre-processinglocations.
Returngoodshandling.Thehandlingofreturngoodsisoftencalledreversedistribution.Buyersmayreturnitemstothesellerforanumberofreasons.Mostlogisticssystemsarenotgoodenoughtohandlesuchcases.Inmanyindustries,consumersreturnproductsforwarrantyrepair,replacement,orrecycling,reversedistributioncostsmaybeveryhigh.Reversedistributionwillbecomemoreimportantascustomersdemandmoreflexibleandfavorablereturnpolicies.
5.ThirdPartLogistics(TPL)
ThirdPartLogisticsprovidesallthelogisticsservices.Theyactasabridgeorfacilitatorbetweenthefirstpart(supplierorproducer)andthesecondpart(buyerorcustomer).Theprimaryobjectivesofthirdpartlogisticsprovidersaretolowerthetotalcostoflogisticsforthesupplierandimprovetheserviceleveltothecustomer.
ThirdPartLogisticshavebeengrowingrapidly.Costreductionanddemandsforbatterandcheaperservicesarethemaindrivesbehindthegrowth.Athirdpartlogisticsproviderwillbeinapositiontoconsolidatebusinessfromseveralcompaniesandofferfrequentpick-upsanddeliveries,whereasin-housetransportationcannot.Otherreasonsareasfollows:
*Thecompanydoesnotspecializeinlogistics;
*Thecompanydoesnothavesufficientresources;
*Eagertoimplementbetterlogisticsoperationordoesnothavetimetodevelopthe
requiredcapabilitiesin-house;
*Thecompanyisventuringintoanewbusinesswithtotallydifferentlogistics
requirements;
*Mergeroracquisitionmaymakeoutsourcinglogisticsoperationsmoreattractivethan
tointegratelogisticsoperations.
6.GlobalLogistics
Developedcountriesoftendealwithglobalizationintwoways:
tobemorecost
competitivewiththirdworldcountries,andtolookfornewpartnersinothercountriesto
manufacturecomponents,subassembliesandeventhefinalproducts.Thesecondapproachforcesmostdevelopedcountriestogetintoanewareacalled“globallogistics
Benefitsofglobaloperationsincludecheaprawmaterialsandendproducts,lower
laborcost,betterquality,increasedinternalcompetitionandbettercustomerservice.
Someofthedisadvantagesareunreliabledelivery,poorcommunicationandIongertimefromdesigntofinishproduction.Challengesareoftenculturalandlinguisticdifferences,legalrequirements,logisticssuppliersormanufacturers,exchangerates.
Therearethreemajorflowsinvolvedingloballogistics:
materialflow,documentflow
andcashflow.
7.LogisticsintotheFuture
Logisticsischangingatarapidandaccelerationrate.Therearetworeasonsareits
rapidgrowth:
Firstly,pressuretochangebythedevelopmentofthesystemitself
(1)High-speedcomputinganddatatransmissioncaninstantlytransmitandreacttouser
demand
(2)Moreflexibleandaccuratelogisticplanningandcontrolthroughcomputersanddataprocessing
(3)Flexiblecomputerfacilitieshelpproblemsolvingandincreasedecisionsaccuracy
(4)Awarenessoftotalcostmeasurementandmanagementaccounting
Secondly,pressuresforchangesfromthewidereconomy.
(1)Beflexibleinhandlingmarketsofdifferentsizesforbettercompetition
(2)Thereisincreasingspecializationinmarketsandgrowthinretailing.
(3)Lifecyclesforproductsareshortening.Logisticssystemsneedtobemoreefficient,
fasterandmoreflexible
(4)Movefrommassproductiontowardsflexiblemanufacturingsystem(FMS).These
systemsenableacompanytoswitchproductionquicklyfromoneproducttoanother
(5)Competitivepressuresleadtomoreeffortstoimprovecustomerservice.
8.Theprocessoflogisticalintegrationcanbedividedintofourstages:
Stage1.Beganintheearly1960sintheUSAandinvolvedtheintegrationofallactivitiesassociatedwithdistribution.Separatedistributiondepartmentsweretocoordinatethemanagementofallprocesseswithinphysicaldistributionmanagement(PDM).
Stage2.PDMwasappliedtotheinboundmovementofmaterials,components,andsubassemblies,generallyknownas“materialsmanagement”.Bythelate1970s,many
firmshadestablishedalogisticsdepartment”withoverallresponsibilityforthemovement,
storage,andhandlingofproductsupstreamanddownstreamoftheproductionoperation.
Stage3.Logisticsplaysanimportantcoordinatingrole,asitinterfaceswithmostotherfunctions.Withtheemergeneeofbusinessprocessre-engineering(BPR)inthe
early1990s,therelationshipbetweenlogisticsandrelatedfunctionswasredefined.
“Systemintegration”occurred.Crcfsnctionalintegrationshouldachievegreaterresults.
物流的定义
在完成商业交易之后,物流将以最低成本和最高效益的方式执行将商品从供应商(卖方)流转
到顾客(买方)的过程。
这就是物流的定义。
在物流过程中,既需要诸如物流设施和设备(物流运输工具等)的硬件,也需要对物流实施信息化管理进行物流标准化。
此外,政府和物流组织的
支持也不可或缺。
物流的三大主要功能
(1)创造时间价值:
同种商品因所处时间的不同而有着不同的价值。
在商品流转过程中,往往
会处于某种停滞的状态,物流的专业术语就称之为储存。
储存创造了商品的时间价值。
(2)创造场所价值:
同种商品因所处位置的不同而有着不同的价值。
这种因商品流转过程中而产生的附加增值称之为物流的场所价值。
(3)同配送加工价值:
有时,物流活动也能创造配送加工价值,这种物流加工主要改变商品的长度、厚度和包装形态。
物流中经常提到的分割成更小的部分”就是配送加工中最为常见的形式。
大多数物流加工都能创造商品的附加价值。
2.物流作为新兴的商务领域,经历了从传统物流向现代物流发展的两个阶段。
这两个阶段的不
同主要体现在以下两个方面:
(1)现代物流采用了集装技术。
商品物流往往从包装开始,而后经历运输、储存和配送等过程。
整个过程始终在物流标准化的前提下运行。
以物流基础模数尺寸600M00MM为基础,制定
出物流模数尺寸1200X1000MM,并将其放大至2591X2438MM,即形成集装箱的高度与宽度标准尺寸。
并能调整成适合铁运、汽运和船运的集装箱标准规格尺寸。
(2)信息技术在现代物流中尤其重要。
条形码、销售时点系统、电子数据传输系统、全球卫星定位系统的使用,极大地提高了物流活动的效率和精确程度。
而互联网更加有助于物流管理的市场开发、运营和管理。
国际物流
很多企业正通过出口、许可、合营或跨国经营涉足国际市场。
这种趋势仍将持续。
随着这种
趋势的发展,开发国际物流网
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