专四阅读详解 3Word文档下载推荐.docx
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专四阅读详解 3Word文档下载推荐.docx
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TextA
自然保护
460
5分钟
/5
TextB
商业贸易
400
5.5分钟
TextC
历史事件
575
7.5分钟
TextD
社会管理
415
7分钟
今日练习
Theenvironmentiseverythingthatsurroundsus:
plants,animals,buildings,country,air,water—literallyeverythingthatmightaffectus.Theenvironmentofatown,withitsbuildingsandtrafficanditsnoiseandsmells,whereeveryoneisontopofeveryoneelse,isafarcryfromthatofthecountryside,withitsfieldsandcrops,itswildanddomesticanimalsanditsfeelingofspaciousness.Andtheenvironmentdiffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.
Ecologyisthescienceofhowlivingcreaturesandplantsexisttogetheranddependoneachotherandonthelocalenvironment.Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminatedoranunfriendlyspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset—inotherwords,thebalanceofnaturewillbedisturbed.
Man,asapartoftheenvironment,hasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduringhisshortspanonearththananyotherlivingcreaturewithhisignorance,greed,thoughtlessfoolishnessandwastefulness.
Hehadpoisonedtheatmosphereandpollutedbothlandandwater.Hehassquanderedtheearth’snaturalresourceswithnothoughtforthefuture,andhasthoughtoutthemostsavagewaysofkillinghisfellowmen—andeveryothersortoflife.
Sincemanhasdonesomuchdamage,itisuptomantoputmattersright—ifitisnotalreadytoolate.Ifthereistobeanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsoftheyoung,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,thebetter.
Oneofthemaincausesoftheearth’stroublesistheworld’soverpopulationanditsgrowingatanever-increasingrate.Meanwhileweareusingupournaturalresources—fuelsandmineralores—atanever-increasingratewithnohopeofreplacingthem.
Formanyyearstheearthhasbeenunabletoprovideenoughfoodfortheserapidlyexpandingpopulationsandthepositionissteadilyworseningsincethefertilityofsomeofourrichestsoilshasbeenlostandvastareasoncefertilehaveturnedintobarrendeserts.Andthetroublewithdesertsisthattheytendtocreepoutwardsontothefertilesoils.WhatisnowthenorthernSaharaDesertwasthecradleofthecivilizedworld2,500yearsago.
Evenatthismomentmanyoftheearth’snaturaltreasuresarebeingdestroyed,manyvaluableanimalsandplantsarebeingkilledoff,anditisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttogrowenoughfoodtopreservemuchoftheearth’spopulationfromstarvation.Thesituationisgettingoutofhand.Timeisrunningout.Butwithyourhelp,wemaybeabletoreversethetrendsthreateningourveryexistence.Whocares?
1.“Theenvironmentofatown…isafarcryfrom…”inPara.1means
[A]thetownhasfarmorebuildingsetc.thanthatofthecountryside.
[B]theenvironmentintownisfarbetterthanthatinthecountryside.
[C]theenvironmentintownisquitedifferentfromthatofthecountryside.
[D]theenvironmentofatownisnobetterthanthatofthecountryside.
2.Whatdoestheecologicalbalancedependon?
[A]Thepreservationofenvironment.
[B]Howmuchfertilelandswehave.
[C]Theintroductionofunfriendlyspecies.
[D]Naturalresources.
3.MenhavedoneallthefollowingdamagetotheecologyEXCEPT
[A]pollutingtheair.
[B]wastingnaturalresources.
[C]killingthefuturegenerations.
[D]causingthedeathofotherlivingcreature.
4.Attheendofparagraph7,theauthorimpliesthat
[A]thenorthernSaharaDesertresultedfromnaturaldisasters.
[B]thenorthernSaharaDesertisnewlyformed.
[C]thenorthernSaharaDesertwasfertileinthepast.
[D]thenorthernSaharaDeserthasalonghistory.
5.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto
[A]informpeopleaboutthescienceofecology.
[B]urgepeopletodosomethingabouttheenvironment.
[C]criticizesomeactionsofhumanbeings.
[D]helpusunderstandtheworldwelivein.
WhywouldBillGateschoosetochallengethefederalgovernmentandtwentyattorneys-generalovertheWebbrowsers?
Pickingafightwithpowerfulgovernmentregulatorscanonlybejustifiedforoneoftworeasons:
alegitimatefearthatMicrosoftwillbedrasticallyreducedinvalueiftheregulatorsgettheirway—orareasonableprospectthatMicrosoftwilldramaticallyincreaseinvalueifitgetsitsway.
ThebestwaytoprotectandenhanceMicrosoft’svalueistotransformitscurrent90percentshareintheopeningsystemmarket(yesterday’scomputingmarket)intoanequivalentshareintheaccesstotheInternetmarket(today’scomputingmarket).
ThekeytoolenablingMicrosofttomovefromonemarkettoanotheriswhattheregulatorscallthe“first-screenrequirement”.MicrosoftrequiresthatallcomputersusingWindowsbeshippedsowhatthefirstscreenconsumersseeisexactlythescreenthatMicrosoftwantsthemtosee.Theconsumerhasnoabilitytotellthemanufacturertochangethefirstscreeninanyway.
Withoutthefirst-screenrequirement,consumersmightwelldecidetotellthemanufacturernottochangethefirstscreenandenjoythe“Windowsexperience”justasMicrosofthopes.Ontheotherhand,theymightjustaseasilyalloworaskthemanufacturertochangethefirstscreensothattheycanenjoythe“Compaqexperience”,the“IBMexperience”oreventhe“Netscapeexperience”.
Microsoft’sfirst-screenrequirementislikeacarmanufacturerwitha90percentmarketsharetellingitscarbuyersthattheycanreplacethecarradio,butonlyiftheydotheinstallationallbythemselves.Afewhardysoulsmaymakethereplacement,buttherestofuswouldprobablydecidethattheoriginalradiowasgoodenough.
Withthefirst-screenrequirement,Microsoft’sbrowserdoesnothavetobethebesttoachievevirtuallytotalmarketshare.Itmerelyhastobe“goodenough”topreventeveryoneotherthanthehardiestoftheusersfromchangingtoanotherbrowser.
Withthe“goodenough”browserandtheresultingmarketshare,Microsoftwouldnotonlyhavecontroloverusers’accesstotheInternet,butwouldbeabletouseitsdominanceinthatmarkettobereadyforthenextmarket,whateveritmaybe.Withstakesthathigh,itisnotsurprisingthatBillGatesandMicrosofthavedecidedthatafiercebattlewithfederalregulatorsisworththerisk.
6.Accordingtotheauthor,Microsoftissodaringastofightthefederalregulatorsto
[A]keepmovingtoamoreprofitablemarket.
[B]stopgovernment’sinterferencewithbusiness.
[C]protecttherightsofitsconsumers.
[D]changepartoflawsystem.
7.WhatisMicrosoft’sstrategytomovetoanothermarket?
[A]SellingtheWebbrowser.[B]Theopeningsystem.
[C]Thefirst-screenrequirement.[D]TheInternet.
8.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutthefirst-screenrequirement?
[A]ItprotectsandenhancesMicrosoft’svalueintoday’scomputingmarket.
[B]ItenablesMicrosofttotransformitsmarketsuccessfully.
[C]Itpreventstheconsumersfromchangingthefirstscreen.
[D]Itallowstheconsumerstoenjoythe“IBMexperience”.
9.Whydon’tmostconsumersofMicrosoft’sWindowsreplaceitsWebbrowser?
[A]BecausetheybelievethatotherbrowsersarenotasgoodasMicrosoft’s.
[B]Becausetheyprobablycan’tmakethereplacementbythemselves.
[C]BecauseMicrosoftdoesnotallowthemtodothat.
[D]BecauseWindowsintheircomputerswon’tworkwelliftheydoso.
10.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,weknowthat
[A]thebestbrowserisindispensabletoachievingtotalmarketshare.
[B]Microsoftsuccessfullypreventstheusersfromchangingtootherbrowsers.
[C]the“goodenough”browserwillhelpMicrosoftdominatethenextmarket.
[D]it’sreasonableforBillGatesandMicrosofttopickafightwithfederalregulators.
Fiftyyearsago,IjoinedAlbertEinstein,BertrandRussellandeightothersinsigningamanifestowarningofthedreadfulconsequencesofnuclearwar.Thisstatement,theRussell-EinsteinManifesto,wasEinstein’sfinalpublicact.Hediedshortlyaftersigningit.Now,inmy97thyear,Iamtheonlyremainingsignatory.Becauseofthis,IfeelitismydutytocarryEinstein’smessageforward,intothis60thyearsincethedestructionofHiroshimaandNagasaki,whichevokedalmostuniversaloppositiontoanyfurtheruseofnuclearweapons.
IwastheonlyscientisttoresignonmoralgroundsfromtheUnitedStatesnuclearweaponsprogramknownastheManhattanProject.OnAug.6,1945,IswitchedonmyradioandheardthatwehaddroppedthebombonHiroshima.Iknewthatanewerahaddawnedinwhichnuclearweaponswouldbeused,andIgrewworriedaboutthefutureofmankind.
Severalyearslater,ImetBertrandRussellonthesetoftheBBCTelevisionprogram“Panorama”,wherewediscussedthenewhydrogenbomb.Ihadbecomeanauthorityonthebiologicaleffectsofradiationafterexaminingthefallout(放射尘)fromtheAmericanhydrogenbombtestinBikiniAtollin1954.Russell,whowasincreasinglyagitatedaboutthedevelopments,startedtocometomeforinformation.Russelldecidedtopersuadeanumberofeminentscientistsfromaroundtheworldtojoinhiminissuingastatementoutliningthedangersofthermonuclear(热核的)warandcallingonthescientificcommunitytoconveneaconferenceonavertingthatdanger.
ThemosteminentscientistaliveatthattimewasAlbertEinstein,whorespondedimmediatelyandenthusiasticallytoRussell’srequest.Andsothemanwhosymbolizedtheheightofhumanintellectadoptedwhatbecamehislastmessage—thismanifesto,whichimploredgovernmentsan
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