英语六级真题含答案共3套Word下载.docx
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英语六级真题含答案共3套Word下载.docx
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Amongthegovernment’smostinterestingreportsisonethatestimateswhatparentsspendontheirchildren.Notsurprisingly,thecostsaresteep.Foramiddle-class,husband-and-wifefamily(averagepretaxincomein2009:
$76,250),spendingperchildisabout$12,000ayear.Withinflationthefamily’sspendingonachildwilltotal$286,050byage17.
Thedrystatisticsoughttoinformtheongoingdeficitdebate,becauseabudgetisnotjustacatalogofprogramsandtaxes.Itreflectsasociety’sprioritiesandvalues.Oursocietydoesnot—despiterhetoric(说辞)tothecontrary—putmuchvalueonraisingchildren.Presentbudgetpoliciestaxparentsheavilytosupporttheelderly.Meanwhile,taxbreaksforchildrenaremodest.Ifdeficitreductionaggravatesthesebiases,moreAmericansmaychoosenottohavechildrenortohavefewerchildren.Downthatpathlieseconomicdecline.
Societiesthatcannotreplacetheirpopulationsdiscourageinvestmentandinnovation.Theyhavestagnant(萧条的)orshrinkingmarketsforgoodsandservices.Witholderpopulations,theyresistchange.Tostabilizeitspopulation—discountingimmigration—womenmusthaveanaverageoftwochildren.That’safertilityrateof2.0.Manycountrieswithstrugglingeconomiesarewellbelowthat.
Thoughhavingachildisadeeplypersonaldecision,it’sshapedbyculture,religion,economics,andgovernmentpolicy.“Noonehasagoodanswer”astowhyfertilityvariesamongcountries,sayssociologistAndrewCherlinofTheJohnsHopkinsUniversity.ErodingreligiousbeliefinEuropemaypartlyexplainloweredbirthrates.InJapanyoungwomenmayberebellingagainsttheirmothers’isolatedlivesofchildrearing.Generaloptimismandpessimismcount.HopefulnessfueledAmerica’sbabyboom.AftertheSovietUnion’scollapse,saysCherlin,“anxietyforthefuture”depressedbirthratesinRussiaandEasternEurope.
Inpoorsocieties,peoplehavechildrentoimprovetheireconomicwell-beingbyincreasingthenumberoffamilyworkersandprovidingsupportsforparentsintheiroldage.Inwealthysocieties,thelogicoftenreverses.Governmentnowsupportstheelderly,diminishingtheneedforchildren.Bysomestudies,thesafetynetsforretireeshavereducedfertilityratesby0.5childrenintheUnitedStatesandalmost1.0inWesternEurope,reportseconomistRobertSteininthejournalNationalAffairs.Similarly,somecouplesdon’thavechildrenbecausetheydon’twanttosacrificetheirownlifestylestothelimeandexpenseofafamily.
YoungAmericansalreadyfaceableaklabormarketthatcannotinstill(注入)confidenceabouthavingchildren.Pilingonhighertaxeswon’thelp,“Ifhighertaxesmakeitmoreexpensivetoraisechildren,”saysNicholasEberstadtoftheAmericanEnterpriseInstitute,“peoplewillthinktwiceabouthavinganotherchild.”Thatseemslikecommonsense,despitethemultipleinfluencesonbecomingparents.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56.Whatdowelearnfromthegovernmentreport?
A)Inflationincreasesfamilies’expenses.
B)Raisingchildrenisgettingexpensive.
C)Budgetreductioninaroundthecorner.
D)Averagefamilyexpenditureisincreasing.
57.Whatissaidtobetheconsequenceofashrinkingpopulation?
A)Weakenednationalstrength.C)Economicdownturn.
B)Increasedimmigration.D)Socialinstability.
58.WhataccountedforAmerica’sbabyboom?
A)Optimismforthefuture.C)Religiousbeliefs.
B)Improvedlivingconditions.D)Economicprosperity.
59.Whydopeopleinwealthycountriesprefertohavefewerchildren?
A)Theywanttofurtherimprovetheireconomicwell-being.
B)Theycannotaffordthetimeandexpensesofrearingchildren.
C)Theyareconcernedaboutthefutureofthecominggeneration.
D)Theydon’trelyontheirchildrentosupporttheminoldage.
60.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A)Toinstillconfidenceintheyoungaboutraisingchildren.
B)Toadvisecouplestothinktwicebeforehavingchildren.
C)Toencouragetheyoungtotakecareoftheelderly.
D)Toappealfortaxreductionforraisingchildren.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Spaceexplorationhasalwaysbeentheprovinceofdreamers:
Thehumanimaginationreadilysoarswherehumaningenuity(创造力)strugglestofollow.AVoyagetotheMoon,oftencitedasthefirstsciencefictionstory,waswrittenbyCyranodeBergeracin1649.Cyranowasdeadandburiedforagoodthreecenturiesbeforethefirstmannedrocketsstartedtofly.
In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythedecade’send,thosewords,too,hadadreamlikequality.Theyresonated(共鸣)withoptimismandambitioninmuchthesamewayasthemostfamousdreamspeechofall,deliveredbyMartinLutherKingJr.twoyearslater.Bytheendofthedecade,bothvisionshadyieldedconcreteresultsandtransformedAmericansociety.Andyetinmanywaysthetwodreamsendedupatoddswitheachother.Thefightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmatic(讲求实用的)andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinitsaims.
Whenthedustsettled,thespacedreamerslostout.Therewasnograndfollow-uptotheApollomissions.Thetechnologicallycompromisedspaceshuttleprogramhasjustcometoanend,withnosuccessor.Theperpetualargumentisthatfundsaretight,thatwehavemorepressingproblemshereonEarth.Amidthecurrentconcernsaboutthefederaldeficit,reachingtowardthestarsseemsadispensableluxury—asifsavingone-thousandthofasingleyear’sbudgetwouldsolveourproblems.
Buthumaningenuitystruggleson.NASAisdevelopingaseriesofroboticprobesthatwillgetthemostbangfromabuck.TheywillserveasmodemMagellans,mappingoutthesolarsystemforwhateverexplorersfollow,whethermanormachine.Ontheflipside,companieslikeVirginGalacticareplottingabottom-upassaultonthespacedreambymakingitarealitytothepublic.Privatespaceflightcouldliewithinreachofrichciviliansinafewyears.Anotherdecadeortwoanditcouldgomainstream.
Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus—notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,orbecauseofthespin-offtechnologiestheyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeedoffeachother.BothMartinLutherKingandJohnKennedyappealedtotheideathathumanscantranscendwhatwereonceconsideredinherentlimitations.Todaywefaceseemingchallengesinenergy,theenvironment,healthcare.Tomorrowwewilltranscendtheseaswell,andthedreamerswilldeservealotofthecredit.Themoreevidencewecollectthatourspeciesiscapableofgreatness,themorewewillactuallyachieveit.
61.TheauthormentionsCyranodeBergeracinordertoshowthat_________.
A)imaginationisthemotherofinvention
B)ingenuityisessentialforsciencefictionwriters
C)ittakespatienceforhumanstorealizetheirdreams
D)dreamershavealwaysbeeninterestedinsciencefiction
62.HowdidthegeneralpublicviewKennedy’sspaceexplorationplan?
A)ItsymbolizedtheAmericanspirit.
B)Itwasasurgentasracialequality.
C)Itsoundedverymuchlikeadream.
D)Itmadeanancientdreamcometrue.
63.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica’saimtoexplorespace?
A)Itmaynotbringaboutimmediateeconomicgains.
B)Itcannotberealizedwithouttechnologicalinnovation.
C)Itwillnothelptherealizationofracialandeconomicequality.
D)Itcannotbeachievedwithoutagoodknowledgeoftheotherworlds.
64.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspaceprograms?
A)Critical.C)Unbiased.
B)Reserved.D)Supportive.
65.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemsfacinghumanbeings?
A)Theyposeaseriouschallengetofuturehumanexistence.
B)Theycanbesolvedsoonerorlaterwithhumaningenuity.
C)Theirsolutionsneedjointeffortsofthepublicandprivatesectors.
D)Theycanonlybesolvedbypeoplewithoptimismandambition.
56~60BCADD61~65ACADB
2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)
TherewasatimenotlongagowhennewsciencePh.D.sintheUnitedStateswereexpectedtopursueacareerpathinacademia(学术界).Buttoday,mostgraduatesendupworkingoutsideacademia,notonlyinindustrybutalsoincareerssuchassciencepolicy,communications,andpatentlaw.Partlythisisaresultofhowbleaktheacademicjobmarketis,butthere'
salsoarisingawarenessofcareeroptionsthatPh.D.scientistshaven'
ttrainedfordirectly—butforwhichtheyhaveusefulknowledge,skills,andexperience.Still,there'
sahugedisconnectbetweenthewaywecurrentlytrainscientistsandtheactualemploymentopportunitiesavailableforthem,andanurgentneedfordramaticimprovementsintrainingprogramstohelpclosethegap.OnecriticalstepthatcouldhelptodrivechangewouldbetorequirePh.D.studentsandpostdoctoralscientiststofollowanindividualdevelopmentplan(IDP).
In2002theU.S.FederationofAmericanSocietiesforExperimentalBiologyrecommendedthateverypostdoctoralresearcherputtogetheranIDPmconsultationwithanadviser.Sincethen,severalacademicinstitutionshavebeguntorequireIDPsforpostdocsAndinJune,theU.S.NationalInstitutesofH
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