reviewoffinalexamWord文档下载推荐.docx
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F3
11011011
219
0xDB
1010110110
694
0x2B6
b.Whatistheminimumnumberofbitsthatcanbeusedtorepresentthedecimalnumber1013?
(Hint:
convert1013tobinary.)
10
c.Whatisapurposeofusinghexadecimalnotation?
Answer:
Usinghexadecimalnotationistoexpressbinaryvaluesmoreconcisely.Becausewhenweexpressavalue,itwilltakemoredigitsinbinarynotationthanindecimalnotation.
d.WhatisASCIIcode?
ASCIIcodeisAmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange.Itisthebuilt-inbinarycodeforrepresentingcharactersinallcomputersexceptIBMmainframesandrealizesdatatransmissionstandardizationinvarycomputersystems.InmoderntimemostmainframeandallPCuseit.ASCIIcodeincludestwoset:
StandardASCIIcodewith128charactersandExtendedASCIIcodewith128charactersappended.
2.ComputerSpeed
a.
OneHzisone_____per_____.
OneHzisonecyclepersecond.
b.
DefineIPS.
IPSisinstructionspersecondwhichisaratingofhowmanyinstructionscanbeexecutedbyaprocessorinagivensecond.
c.
AnswerthefollowingquestionsontherelationshipofHztoIPS.
i.
Whichisabetterdeterminerofspeed:
MHzorIPS?
IPSisabetterdeterminerofcomputerperformance.
ii.
DoesahighHzequalahighIPS,andcantheybeinverselyproportional?
Explain.
AhighHzcanindicatethattheIPSishigh,buttheyarenotdirectlyproportional,butcanneverbeinverselyproportional
iii.
Howisitpossibleforamachinewithalowerclockspeed(Hz)tohaveahigherIPSthanamachinewithahigherclockspeed?
Aninstructioncantakeavariableamountofcyclesorpartialcycles.Thus,acomputercanexecuteinstructionsmorequicklythananothercomputerbecauseofthis.
d.
WhatistherelationshipbetweenthesystemclockandHz?
Thesystemclocksendsoutpulsesatregularintervalstosetupthetimingsforalltimedsystemactivities,suchasdeterminingtheHzofaprocessor.
3.BIOSandCMOS
a.ExplainthefunctionoftheBIOSROMinthebootprocess.
TheBIOSROMisapermanentstoragedevicethatcontainsthestartupinstructionsforthecomputer.
b.Defineflashing,withrespecttoBIOSROM.
FlashingistheprocessofrewritinganEEPROM.ThisprocessallowstheBIOStobeupdatedwithoutchangingROMchips.
c.ExplainthefunctionoftheCMOSinthebootprocess.
TheCMOScontainstheconfigurablesysteminformationthattheBIOSreadsduringstartup.
d.WhatistheadvantageofhavinganunchangeableROMandachangeableCMOSduringthebootprocess?
ByhavinganunchangeableBIOS,adefaultstartupconfigurationisalwayspossible.Since,however,startupconfigurationsmaydifferfrommachinetomachine,thechangeableCMOSallowsuserstospecifyexactlyhowthebootwilloccurontheirmachines,possiblychangingthestartupfromthedefault.
e.ConsiderthattheCMOShaslostpower.
i.WhathappenstothedatathatwasstoredintheCMOS?
TheCMOSisvolatileandwilllosealldatacontainedinitifitlosespower
ii.HowdoestheCMOSlosingpoweraffectthebootprocess?
WhenCMOSpowerfailsitnolongercontainsconfigurationdata,andthereforewhenamachineisbooted,itwillusethedefaultsettingscontainedintheBIOS.
f.ListtwowaystochangetheinformationintheCMOS.
WindowsPlug-N-Play,asanexample.
BIOSsetupandconfigurationutility,asanexample.
4.Layers
a.Thelayersofsoftwarehavealreadybeenlistdown.Fillthecorrectnumberoflayersintablefromlowesttohighest.
(1)UserInterface
(2)Run-TimeLibraries
(3)User-WrittenScriptsorMacros
(4)ApplicationProgrammingInterface
(5)Kernel
(6)BIOS
(7)Application
(8)OperatingSystem
(9)DeviceDrivers
3
1
7
2
4
8
5
9
6
b.Describeencapsulationwithrespecttothelayersofsoftware.
Encapsulationmeansthatalayerisclosedofffromotherlayers,achievingonlyitownsendswithoutknowingmuchabouttheotherlayers.
c.Describeabstractionwithrespecttothelayersofsoftware.
Abstractionisthemeansofsharingdataandcommunicatingthatisestablishedbetweenvariouslayersofsoftware.
d.Whatadvantagedoencapsulationandabstractiongivetosoftwaredevelopers?
Encapsulationandabstractionallowdeveloperstoprovidelimitedmeansofaccessingdatatotheirlayer,andthattheyonlymustsupportlimitedinfluxofdatafromotherlayers'
abstraction.Thelayercanbecomprisedofcodethatotherlayersneednotbeinvolvedin.
5.Networks
a.WhatisaLAN?
LocalAreaNetwork.AnetworksmallerthanaWAN;
typicallyacomputernetworkcoveringalocalarea,likeahome,office,orgroupofbuildings.
b.WhatisaWAN?
WideAreaNetwork.AcomputernetworklargerthanaLAN;
typicallyanetworkthatspansbuildings,cities,orcountries.TheinternetisaWAN.
c.Whatisathinclient?
Anetworkapplicationinwhichtheclientdoesverylittleprocessingandthenetworkserverdoesmostofthework.
d.Whatisathickclient?
Anetworkapplicationinwhichtheclientdoesrelativelysignificantprocessing,andthenetworkserverdoesmoresimpletasks.
e.Whataretheimplicationsofthinandthickclientsforaserver?
Thinclientsmakelargerprocessingdemandsonaserver,andsotheservercansupportfewerthinclients.
f.Whatisadomainname?
Afully-qualifieddomainnamecontainsamachine,domain,andtop-leveldomaindesignation.FromthiscommonnamestructureanIPaddresscanbereferencedandthemachineconnectedto.
g.Explainwhatisindicatedbyeachpartof.
wwwistheactualnameofthemachine(server)fromwhichthedataisbeingrequested.
icarnegieisthedomaininwhichthemachinewwwresides.Thisdomainmaycontainmanymachines.
comisreferredtoasatop-leveldomain.Manydomainsarehousedundertheumbrellaoforg.Thisisoneofthemanytop-leveldomainsandallowsgreatervariationinnaming.
h.Listfivenon-country,top-leveldomains.
.com,.mil,.gov,.int,.net
6.DataIntegrity
a.InthecontextofJavaapplets,whatisasandbox,andhowdoesitprotectcomputerinformation?
AsandboxisasecurelocationtorunJavaappletsandActiveXcontrols.
Asandboxprotectsthedataonyourcomputerfromoutsiders,whocanuseJavaappletsandActiveXcontrolstoaccesssecureorprivateinformation.
b.Whatisadigitalcertificate,andhowdoesitprotectcomputerinformation?
Adigitalcertificateisamethodofauthenticationforidentifyingtheauthorofagivensoftwareprogram.
Adigitalcertificateallowstheusertoensurethatthesoftwarebeingdownloadedisfromareputablesourcebeforerunningit.
c.Whatisafirewall,andhowdoesitprotectcomputerinformation?
Afirewallisasetofrulesthatgoverncommunicationsoveranetwork.Afirewallbasicallydeniescommunicationsunlessaruleallowsthemtooccur.
Afirewallprotectsacomputersystem,byalwaysdenyingnetworkcommunicationsrequeststhattheuserhasnotpredefinedaspermissible.
d.InthecontextofaWebbrowser,whatisacookie,andhowmightitnotprotectcomputerinformation?
AcookieisatextfilethatcontainsinformationaboutvisitingWebsites.
Cookiesarethoughtnottoprotectaperson'
sprivacybyallowingWebsitestoreadthemanddetermineusagepatternsofWebsitesandpagesvisited.
7.Dictionary-basedCompression
Considerthemessagebelow:
exam1,exam2,andexam3arerequiredexams.
a.Howmanybytesdoesthemessagecontain(eachcharacteris1byteincludingspaces)?
b.Createacompressiondictionaryandcalculateitssizeinbytes.
c.Whatisthecompressedmessage?
d.Howmanybytesdidtheentirecompressionuse?
Showcalculations.
e.Isdictionary-basedcompressionalossycompression?
43bytes
$exam5bytes
$1,$2,and$3arerequired$s.
31bytes(message)+5bytes(dictionary)=36bytes.
No,dictionarycompressionisnotalossycompressionbecausedataisbeingreplacedwithshortenedrepresentationsandnotlost.
8.PortIdentification
Considerthefollowingdevices:
MousePrinterKeyboardModemSpeakerDigitalcameraEthernetjackMonitor
Forthefollowingquestions,indicatewhichdevice(s)shouldbepluggedinwhichport(s)A-Hshowninthediagrambelow.
a.Whatdevice(s)canbepluggedintoportA?
i.Whatisthenameofthisport?
ii.Isthisaserialportorparallelport?
b.Whatdevice(s)canbepluggedintoportB?
c.Whatdevice(s)canbepluggedintoportC?
d.Whatdevice(s)canbepluggedintoportD?
e.Whatdevice(s)canbepluggedintoportE?
f.Whatdevice(s)canbepluggedintoportF?
g.Whatdevice(s)canbepluggedintoportG?
h.Whatdevice(s)canbepluggedintoportH?
Keyboardormouse.
PS/2port
Serial
Digitalcamera,keyboard,mouse,printer,externalstorage,networkadapter,etc.
USBport
Modemormouse
DB-9(serial)port
Printer
Parallel(printer)port
Parallel
Speaker
Monitor
Phoneline
Ethernetnetwork
9.ComputerConfiguration
Letusassumethatyouarepurchasinganewcomputerforaspecificusage.Youneedtochooseacomputerf
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