胡壮麟《语言学教程》修订版测试题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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胡壮麟《语言学教程》修订版测试题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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C.informative
D.performative
4.
InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎(岁岁)平安”asa
meansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?
A.Interpersonal
B.Emotive
C.Performative
D.Recreational
5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,due
tothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?
A.Transferability
B.Duality
C.Displacement
D.Arbitrariness
6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?
—Aniceday,isn’tit?
—Right!
Ireallyenjoythesunlight.
A.Emotive
B.Phatic
C.Performative
D.Interpersonal
7.
__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’s
knowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.
A.Performance
B.Competence
C.Langue
D.Parole
8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbe
sorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.
A.culturaltransmission
B.productivity
C.displacement
D.duality
9.
_________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.
A.Psycholinguistics
B.Anthropologicallinguistics
C.Sociolinguistics
D.Appliedlinguistics
10.________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.
A.Linguistictheory
B.Practicallinguistics
C.Appliedlinguistics
D.Comparativelinguistics
II.
Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.
Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.
12.
Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.
13.
Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.
14.
Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.
15.
Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegenetically
transmitted.
16.
Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.
17.
F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.
18.
AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.
19.
Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.
20.
Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.
III.
Fillintheblanks.(10%)
21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.
22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentences
basedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.
23.
Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.
24.
Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________
theory.
25.
Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.
26.
Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsome
rulesforpeopletoobserve.
27.
Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.
28.
Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.
29.
Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersof
aspeechcommunity.
30.
LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.
IV.
Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)
1.Designfeature
2.Displacement
3.
Competence
Synchroniclinguistics
V.
Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)
35.
Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?
(南开大学,2004)
36.
Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?
(北京第二外国语大学,2004)
VI.
Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)
37.
Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?
(青岛海洋大学,1999)
Key:
[Inthereferencekeys,Iwon’tgiveexamplesorfurtheranalysis.Thatseemstoomuchworkforme.Therefore,thiskeyisonlyforreference.Inordertoanswerthiskindofquestion,youneedmoreexamples.Soyoushouldreadthetextbookcarefully.–icywarmtea]
I.1~5BACCC
6~10BACAC
II.11~15FFTFF
16~20FFFFF
III.21.verbal
22.productivity/creativity23.metalingualfunction
24.yo-he-ho25.scientific
26.descriptive27.speech
28.diachroniclinguistic29.langue
30.competence
IV.31.Designfeature:
Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguage
andanysystemofanimalcommunication.
32.Displacement:
Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whichare
notpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunication.
33.
Competence:
Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker’sknowledgeofhisorherlanguage;
thatis,ofits
soundstructure,itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,anencyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,
theknowledgeinvolvedincompetenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodelof
competence.
34.Synchroniclinguistics:
Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpointintime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthe
presentoraparticularpointinthepast;
synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdeadlanguages,suchasLatin.
Synchroniclinguisticsiscontrastedwithdiachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.
V.35.Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.Alargenumberofdifferentunitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelements–forinstance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehugenumberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossiblesentencesandphrases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimitednumberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethisdesignfeatureofhumanlanguage.
Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimalcommunicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannotproduceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,e.g.words,whicharedistinctinmeaning.
36.Itisdifficulttodefinelanguage,asitissuchageneraltermthatcoverstoomanythings.Thus,definitionsforitallhavetheirownspecialemphasis,andarenottotallyfreefromlimitations.
VI.37.Itshouldbeguidedbythefourprinciplesofscience:
exhaustiveness,consistency,economyandobjectivityandfollow
thescientificprocedure:
formhypothesis–collectdata–checkagainsttheobservablefacts–cometoaconclusion.
Chapter2
SpeechSounds
I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)
1.Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.
A.intonation
B.tone
C.pronunciation
D.voice
2.Conventionallya__________isputinslashes(//).
A.allophone
B.phone
C.phoneme
D.morpheme
Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.
A.analogues
B.tagmemes
C.morphemes
D.allophones
Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas
__________.
A.glottis
B.vocalcavity
C.pharynx
D.uvula
5.
Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.
A.wide
B.closing
C.narrow
D.centering
6.
Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.
A.minimalpairs
B.allomorphs
C.phones
D.allophones
Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
A.Acousticphonetics
B.Articulatoryphonetics
C.Auditoryphonetics
D.Noneoftheabove
8.
Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?
A.[n]
B.[m]
C.[b]
D.[p]
9.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
A.[i:
]
B.[u]
C.[e]
D.[i]
10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?
A.Voiceless
B.Voiced
C.Glottalstop
D.Consonant
II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchas
syllable,wordandsentence.
12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.
13.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutiono
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