六月六级真题及答案完整版Word文档格式.docx
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六月六级真题及答案完整版Word文档格式.docx
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Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"
hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses.
"
Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"
saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&
MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."
Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'
sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."
TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege–buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.
Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison–oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities–graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally–butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.
Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools–Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton–showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves.
Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"
saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."
Iftheyfail,it'
stheirfault."
Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction–studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"
undermatched"
:
theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill–knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'
tmakeit."
Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"
saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.
Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity–afterfinancialaid–equaled28%ofmedian(中间的)familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.
Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"
Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."
ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttotherigor(严格要求)andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom–andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"
laserlikefocus"
onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost(教务长)DamonWilliams.
Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepara¬
torycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchpro¬
gramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.
Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."
Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"
saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring(辅导)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"
partnering"
withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.Whatistheauthor'
smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?
A)Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.
B)Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.
C)Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.
D)Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.
2.WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?
A)Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.
B)ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.
C)Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.
D)Itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.
3.WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?
A)Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.
B)Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.
C)Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.
D)Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.
4.HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?
A)Fifty-sixpercent.C)Fifteenpercent.
B)Thirty-ninepercent.D)Sixty-sevenpercent.
5.Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause.
A)theirstudentsworkharderC)theirclassesaregenerallysmaller
B)theyrecruitthebeststudentsD)theygivestudentsmoreattention
6.HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'
failuretogetadegree?
A)Universitiesaretoblame.
B)Studentsdon'
tworkhard.
C)Thegovernmentfailstoprovidethenecessarysupport.
D)Affirmativeactionshouldbeheldresponsible.
7.Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?
A)Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.
B)Theycannotaffordthehightuition.
C)Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.
D)Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.
8.Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat_______.
9.Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith_______duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.
10.WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscite
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