英语语言学答案Word格式.docx
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英语语言学答案Word格式.docx
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13.pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudies
meaningnotinisolation,butincontext.
14.socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.
15.sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.
16.modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.
17.modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.
18.adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.
19.modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.
20.thedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyf.desaussure.
Ⅱ.fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:
21.chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.
22.languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.
23.d_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:
a
lowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.
24.languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
25.thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.
26.humancapacityforlanguagehasag_______basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.
27.p_______referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
28.findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.
29.languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.
30.linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes_______studyoflanguage.
Ⅲ.therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:
31.ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeoplea
ctuallyuse,itissaidtobe_______.
a.prescriptive
b.analytic
c.descriptive
d.linguistic
32.whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
a.arbitrariness
b.displacement
c.duality
d.meaningfulness
33.modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas_______.
a.primary
b.correct
c.secondary
d.stable
34.inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because_______.
a.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting
b.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed
c.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue
d.alloftheabove
35.ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa_______studyoflanguage.
a.synchronic
b.diachronic
c.prescriptive
d.comparative
36.saussuretooka(n)_______viewoflanguage,whilechomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.
a.sociological…psychological
b.psychological…sociological
c.applied…pragmatic
d.semantic…linguistic
37.accordingtof.desaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemem-bersofaspeechcommunity.
a.parole
【篇二:
《英语语言学》答案完整版】
txt>
考核方法:
闭卷考试
时间:
100分钟
题型:
vi.分析题(30’)
重点掌握的术语:
?
1.linguistics语言学
thestudyofthenature,structure,andvariationoflanguage,includingphonetics,phonology,morphology,syntax,semanticsandpragmatics.
2.designfeatures设计特点
theyareaseriesoffeatureswhichareuniquelyapartofhumanlanguageandunlikelytobefoundinthecommunicationsystemofothercreatures.theyaredisplacement,productivity,culturaltransmission,arbitrariness,discretenessandduality.
3.displacement移位
languagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhichareinthepast,presentorfuture,realorimagined,orinfar-awayplaces.
4.duality二元性
itisgenerallythecasethatlanguageisorganizedattwolevelsorlayerswhichisknownasthephysicallevelandmeaningfullevelsimultaneously.
5.arbitrariness任意性
itisgenerallythecasethatthereisno?
natural?
connectionbetweenalinguisticformanditsmeaning.?
6.mannerofarticulation发音方法
itisthecasethatwedescribetheconsonantsoundsintermsofhowtheyarearticulated.
7.placeofarticulation发音部位
itfocusesondescribingconsonantsoundsintermsofwheretheyarearticulated.
8.articulatoryphonetics发音语言学
thegeneralstudyofthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsiscalledphonetics.andthestudyofhowspeechsoundsaremade,or?
articulated?
isarticulatoryphonetics.
9.phonology音系学
thedescriptionofthesystemsandpatternsofthespeechsoundsinalanguage.
10.assimilation同化
itistheprocesswhentwophonemesoccurinsequenceandsomeaspectofonephonemeistakenor?
copied?
bytheother.forexample,theword?
can?
inthesentence?
icango.?
maypronounceas[k?
?
]insteadof[k?
n]becauseoftheinfluenceofthefollowingsound[g].
11.back-formation逆构法,逆序构词
awordofonetypeisreducedtoformanotherwordofdifferenttype.forexample,theword?
donation?
firstcameintouseandthentheverb?
donate?
wascreatedfromit.
12.morpheme词素
itisaminimalunitofmeaningorgrammaticalfunction.forexample,thewordtouristscontainsthreemorphemestour,-ist,and-s.
13.immediateconstituent直接成份
itisanapproachtodescribetheregularstructuresofthelanguage.itisdesignedtoshowconstituentsimmediately,directly,belowthelevelofaconstruction.
14.syntax句法;
语法
thestudyofstructureandorderingofcomponentswithinasentence.
15.semantics语义学
thestudyofthemeaningoflinguisticunits,wordsandsentenceinparticular.
16.hyponymy下义关系,上下位关系
whenthemeaningofoneformisincludedinthemeaningofanother,therelationshipisdescribedashyponymy.
17.homonymy同音异义
itisusedwhenonewordiswrittenandspokenarethesamewhilepossessingdifferentmeanings.forexample,thebankcanbereferredtoariverandfinancialinstitutionaswell.
18.synonymy同义
itreferstothecasethattwoormoreformshaveverycloselyrelatedmeanings,whichareoften,butnotalways,intersubstitutableinsentence,suchasbroadandwide.
19.pragmatics语用学
thestudyofwhatthewriterorspeakerofthosewordsintendedtoconvey.
20.synchronic共时性,历时性
itisthecasethatweconcentrateonvariationinlanguageintermsofdifferenceswithinonelanguageindifferentplacesandamongdifferentgroupsatthesametime.
第一章语言的起源
概念辨析
the“bow-wow”theory
the“yo-heave-ho”theory
思考
“bow-wow”理论和“哟哦呵”理论的差异何在?
theformertheorymeansthatprimitivewordscouldhavebeenimitationsofthenaturalsoundswhichearlymenandwomenheardaroundthemwhile‘yo-he-ho?
theorymeansasetofgrunts,groansandcursesinvolvedinphysicaleffort
自然声音模仿假说有什么不足之处?
ontheonehand,itdoesnotanswerourquestionregardingtheoriginsofthesoundsproducedbecauseprimateshavegruntsandsocialcalls,buttheydonothavedevelopedthecapacityforspeech.ontheotherhand,soundlessandabstractthingshavenotbeenexplainedsincealanguagecannotbeonlyasetofwordsusedas‘names?
forentities.
第三章语言的属性
language
designfeaturesoflanguage
displacement
arbitrariness
duality
应用
能够根据所观察到的语言现象来解释语言的定义性特征。
能够根据语言的定义性特征来区别人类语言和动物交流系统
人类语言有哪些功能?
first,ithasthefunctionofculturaltransmission.peoplepassknowledge,skillsfromonegenerationtothenextonlythroughorallanguageespeciallyintheolddays,
second,ithasthefunctionofcommunication.humanusetheirlanguagetocommunicatewitheachother,sociallyoremotionally,toindicatetheirfriendliness,cooperationorannoyanceandpleasure.third,itplaysanimportantroleinthinking.languageistheinstrumentofthoughtandpeopleoftenfeelitnecessarytospeaktheirthoughtsaloud.
动物交流系统里存在“说谎”吗?
itabsolutelyexistsinanimalcommunicationsystem.forexample,someanimalswillpretendtodietoavoidbeingeaten.therefore,itiscommonphenomenoninanimalforsurviveorfoods.
第五章语音学
articulatory/acoustic/auditoryphonetics
mannersofarticulationvs.placesofarticula
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