Unit 1Friendship文档格式.docx

Unit 1Friendship文档格式.docx

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用法详解

（1）n.［c］（复数为surveys）调查。

常见搭配:

make/conduct/carryoutasurvey进行一项调查

△Arecentsurveyshows/showedthat…一项最近的调查显示…

△Thereportermadeasurveyofriverpollution.

△ArecentsurveyshowsthatsuccessisnotsimplytheresultofahighIQ.

（2）vt.（surveyed;

surveyed;

surveying）调查（一般用于被动语态）。

△Itissurveyedthat...据调查...

△Itissurveyedthat50percentofthepatientsdonottakemedicineasdirected.

特别提醒

过去分词surveyed常作后置定语,修饰前面的名词或代词。

△Only18percentofthosesurveyedwereagainsttheplan.

Halfofthose_______（survey）in16countriessaytheygofirsttotheirclosestfriendstosharetheirdeepestwishesanddarkestfears.

单句改错

Recentlywemadesurveyandaskedalargenumberofpeopletotellusabouttheirteachers.

3.addup

（1）意为“把…加起来”,指把数字、数量等加起来,主语多为人,其后要跟“相加”的各部分。

△Addup3,4and5,andyou’llget12.

（2）宾语为名词时用addupsth.或addsth.up皆可,宾语若为代词,应置于add和up中间。

△Writedownyourscoresofallsubjectsandthenaddthemup.

辨析比较add/addup/addupto/addto/add...to...

易混词语

区别

add

意为“增加,添加;

补充说”。

作“补充说”讲时add后常接that从句。

Headdedthathewouldreturnsoon.

addup

意为“把…加起来”,只强调“加起来”,未说明结果,其主语通常是人。

Pleaseaddthefiguresup.

addupto

意为“总共是,总计为”,后多跟合计起来的数目,主语通常是figure,number,bill等。

Thefiguresaddupto155.

addto

意为“使增加”,其宾语为difficulty,pleasure,addtotrouble等抽象名词,add在此为不及物动词。

Thebadweatheronlyaddedtoourdifficulties.

add…to…

“把…加到…里/上”,add在此为及物动词。

Ifyoufindthecoffeetoostrong,addsomewatertoit.

归纳拓展

additionn.加;

增加

inaddition=besides此外inadditionto除…以外（还）=besides

additionaladj.额外的

选择填空addup/addupto/addto/add...to...

①Let’s______________allourmoneyandseeifwehaveenoughforthebill.

②Hiswholeincome______________nomorethan2,000yuanpermonth.

③Theheavysnowyesterday______________thetrafficjamsofthecityatrushhours.

④They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows（抱枕）,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususeto_______visual（视觉的）interest_______ourrooms.

①Addtothesefigurestoseehowmuchtheyaddupto.

②Travellingcanbroaden（开阔）ourhorizonsandadduptoourlifeexperience.

语境填空

Heexplainedtheproblemwefacedand_______（补充说）thatallthemoneywecollectedonly_______（总共是）halfofwhatweneededandthatthecomingcoldweatherwoulddefinitely_______（增加）ourdifficulties.

4.score

（1）n.分数;

得分,比分;

20个,约20个;

［pl.］大量，很多。

keep（the）score记分scoresof很多,大量

△Couldyoukeepthescoreforthisafternoon’smatch?

△Thefinalscoreofthebasketballmatchwas93to94.

△ScoresofforeignvisitorscometoseethesightsofBeijingeveryyear.

△Severalcabsandascoreofcarswereparkedoutsidethehotel.

score,dozen都可以表示数量,score意为“20个”,dozen意为“十二个;

（一）打”.①score,dozen与基数词或many,several连用时,要用单数形式,如threescoreyears60年;

②“scores/dozensof＋可数名词复数”表示不确定的数量,意为“许多”,如scores/dozensofstudents许多学生。

（2）v.得分;

记分;

评分。

scoreagoal射门得分scorefullmarks得满分

△Hescoredagoalinthefinalminuteofthegame.

△Maryscoredfullmarksintheexam.

△Who’sgoingtoscore?

△Thetestsarescoredbypsychologists.

完成句子

1.房间里有很多人，其中有60人是教师。

Thereare___________intheroom,and___________ofthemareteachers.（score）

MostofthemhavebeentoNewYorkscoreoftimes.

5.upset

（1）adj.心烦意乱的,难过的。

beupsetabout...为…心烦意乱/难过beupsetthat...因…而心烦意乱/难过

△Hewasgreatlyupsetaboutthenews.

△Weareupsetthatitisalwaysraining.

（2）vt.使生气,使心烦意乱。

upsetsb.使某人感到心烦意乱

△Itupsetssb.todosth.做某事让某人心烦意乱

△Itupsetssb.that...让某人心烦的是…

△Thisdecisionislikelytoupsetalotofpeople.

△Itupsetmetoseewhatshehaddonetotheoldman.

△Itupsetsmethatheisalwayscomplaining.

（3）vt.打翻,碰倒,使倾覆;

打乱,搅乱。

△Hestoodupsuddenly,upsettingthesoup.

△Thesuddenchangeoftheweatherupsetourplanforapicnic.

语境串记

Jimisdoinghishomework.Theflies’flyingaroundhimwithoutastopupsetshim.Heissoupsetandannoyedthatheupsetsacupofwateratthecornerofthedesk.

①--What’sthematterwithRod?

--Ithinkhe’sstillupset_______failinghisdrivingtest.

②Itupsetme_____（get）aBinthetest.MostofmyclassmatesgotanA.

一句多译

让汤姆心烦的是昨天我们忘记了他的生日。

①Tom_____________________weforgothisbirthdayyesterday.（upsetadj.）

②It_____________________weforgothisbirthdayyesterday.（upsetvt.）

③Tom_____________________ourforgettinghisbirthdayyesterday.（upsetadj.）

6.ignore

为及物动词,意为“对…不予理会,忽视;

不予理睬”。

其宾语常为sb./one’sadvice/one’smistakes/trafficrules等。

△Hesaidhellotohim,butheignoredmecompletely.

△Heignoredmyadviceandthusfailedinthegame.

△Youshouldnotignoreyourmistakesifyouwanttomakegreaterprogress.

ignorancen.无知

inignoranceofsth.不知道某事outofignorance出于无知

ignorantadj.无知的,愚味的

beignorantof/aboutsth.不知道某事beignorantthat.不知道…

语境串记

Heisinignoranceofhisseriousillnessnow;

thatistosay,heisignorantthatheisindangernow,soheignoresthedoctor’sadviceandkeepssmoking.

用ignore的适当形式填空

①Hewasinentire____________ofwhatwasbeingdone.

②Wecannotbelievethatsometeenagersare____________ofsomebasiclivingskills.

③He____________bythehostattheparty,sohewasunhappy.

7.calm

（1）vt.＆vi.（使）平静,（使）镇静。

calm…down使…平静（或安静、镇静）calmdown平静,安静,镇静

△Hetookadeepbreathtocalmhimselfdown.

△AfterIcalmeddown,

（2）adj.（天气）无风的;

（海洋）风平浪静的;

镇静的,沉着的。

remain/stay/keepcalm保持镇静

△Theskyisblue,andtheseaiscalm.

△Hecanalwayskeepcalm,whateverhappens.

辨析比较calm/quiet/still/silent

易混词

calm

指人“沉着的,镇静的”,指天气“无风的”,指海洋“风平静的”。

quiet

“平静的,安静的”,指没有吵闹声、噪音。

still

“静止的”,指人时侧重一动不动地保持一种姿势;

指物时表示静止不动。

silent

“沉默的;

无声的”,指人时强调沉默不语;

指环境时表示不喧闹的,无声的。

Whenfacingdanger,oneshouldkeepcalm;

whentakenphotosof,oneshouldkeepstill;

whensomeoneelseisasleep,oneshouldkeepquiet;

wheninclass,oneshouldn’tkeepsilentabouttheteacher’squestions.

①Themostimportantthingisto______________（保持镇静）intodifficulties.

②Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquick______________（安静下来）.

选词填空calm/quiet/silent

Everythingwas_________exceptthattheheavyrainbeatagainstthewindow.Thenmudslidehappenedfrightenedpeoplestoodthere_________,notknowingwhattodo.Heremained_________inthefaceofdangerandledallthepeopletoasafeplace.Laterhekept_________abouthisbravebehavior.

8.havegotto

（1）意为“不得不,必须”,相当于haveto。

但havegotto很少用于过去时态,而haveto可用于多种时态,还可以用在其他情态动词之后。

△Ihavegottoadmityouhaveabeautifulgarden,Jane.

△--Howdoyoudoit?

--Well,itdoestaketimeandpatience.You’vegottoloveworkinginthegarden—that’smysecret.

（2）havegotto的否定形式是haven’tgotto而haveto的否定形式是don’thaveto;

用于疑问句时,前者直接将have提前,而后者要借助于助动词do。

△Hehasn’tgottoworktomorrow.＝Hedoesn’thavetoworktomorrow.

△Haveyougottogotherenow?

＝Doyouhavetogotherenow?

Ifyoureallyhavegot_______（leave）duringthemeeting,you’dbetterleavefromthebackdoor.

同义句转换

①Hismotherisill.Hehastostayathometolookafterher.

Hismotherisill.He_____________________stayathometolookafterher.

②Youdon’thavetogotoschooltoday.It’sSunday.

You_____________________gotoschooltoday.It’sSunday.

9.beconcernedabout

（1）担心。

相当于beconcernedfor。

△Theboy’sparentsareconcernedabout/forhishealth.

（2）关心,对…感兴趣

△Thepeoplerunningthesefactoriesareveryconcernedabouttheenvironment.

（1）concernedadj.关注的;

担心的

（2）concernvt.与与…有关;

涉及,影响;

使担心n.担心,忧虑

show/express/over/for…对…表示关心/担心

Thereisgrowingconcernabout/over/for...对…日益关注

asfaras...beconcerned就…而言

beconcernedwith与…有关

△Thereisgrowingconcernaboutviolenceontelevision.

△AsfarasI’mconcerned,Idisagreewithhisidea.

△ThebookismainlyconcernedwithEnglishlearning.

（3）concerningprep.关于,涉及

△Ihavesubscribedtoanumberofjournals（whichare）concernedwithmymajor.Ihavesubscribedtoanumberofjournalsconcerningmymajor.

Asfarasamconcerned,educatorsshouldbeconcernedabouttheproblemsthatareconcernedwiththementalhealthofchildren.

①Nowadayspeoplearemore_______（concern）aboutenvironmentwheretheylive.

②Makingtherightdecision_______（concern）thefutureisprobablyanimportantthingweshoulddoinourlives.

③Themeetingwasconcerned_______reformsandeveryonepresentwasconcerned_______theirowninterests.

④AsfarasIam_______parentsshowtoomuch_______aboutthefutureoftheirchildren.Inotherwords,theyaretooabouttheirchildren’sfuture.（concern）

①AsfarasI’mconcerning,successbelongstothosewhokeepontrying.

②Thecommentswhichhemadeconcernedmarketingbotheredhisbossgreatly.

10.workout

（1）计算,算出。

为及物动词短语。

如果宾语是代词,则应该放在work和out之间。

△Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?

（2）计划,思考;

找到…的答案,解决。

为