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swhitebodyhelpsithideinsnowyareas.Thearmsandlegsareblack,helpingithideinforests.Themarkingsonitsheadarenotusedtohide,buttocommunicate.Blackearscanactasawarningtoenemies.

Dependingonthespecies,blackskunks（臭鼬）maywearwhitespotsthatactascoveringorwhitestripesthatsignalenemiestobeawareoftheirsmellyspray,whichcausesnorealharmtoitsvictims,butitmakesthemuncomfortable.

Zebras'

thincoatsmakethemmorevulnerablethanlong-hairedanimalstobitingfliesthatcarrydisease,butthecoatsstripespreventfliesfromlandingonthem,forreasonsthatscientistsarestillstudying.Further,theirattractivenesstofliesincreaseswithstripewidth.Notwozebras'

stripesareexactlythesame.

（）1．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUE?

A．Thepanda'

swhitepartshelpithideagainstsnow.

B．Bothwhitespotsandwhitestripeshelpskunkskilltheirvictims.

C．Zebraswithwiderstripesarelessattractivetoflies.

D．Scientistshavealreadyknownallthesecretsaboutthestripes.

（）2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"

vulnerable"

mean?

A．Beingeasilylanded.B．Beingeasilyattracted.

C．Beingeasilydiscovered.D．Beingeasilyattacked.

（）3．Whichcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．WhyAnimalStripesComeinDifferentShapes

B．WhySoManyAnimalsWearBlack-and-WhiteCoats

C．HowWildAnimalsProtectThemselvesfromEnemies

D．HowBlackandWhiteBecomeBasicColorsinAnimalWorld

【答案】

1．A2．D3．B

【分析】

本文是科普文，以熊猫、臭鼬和斑马三种动物为例，探索了它们的外貌颜色，发现很多动物披着黑白相间的条纹。

【解答】

1．题意：

根据短文，下列哪个句子是正确的?

考查细节判断题。

A.Thepanda'

swhitepartshelpithideagainstsnow.熊猫的白色部分帮助它躲避雪；

根据Thepanda'

swhitebodyhelpsithideinsnowyareas.，可知说法正确。

B.Bothwhitespotsandwhitestripeshelpskunkskilltheirvictims.白色斑点和白色条纹都能帮助臭鼬杀死它们的猎物；

根据Dependingonthespecies,blackskunksmaywearwhitespotsthatactascoveringorwhitestripesthatsignalenemiestobeawareoftheirsmellyspray,，可知说法错误。

C.Zebraswithwiderstripesarelessattractivetoflies.条纹较宽的斑马对苍蝇的吸引力较小；

根据Further,theirattractivenesstofliesincreaseswithstripewidth.，可知说法错误。

D.Scientistshavealreadyknownallthesecretsaboutthestripes.科学家已经知道关于条纹的所有秘密；

根据forreasonsthatscientistsarestillstudying.，可知说法错误。

综合以上分析，故选A。

2．题意：

带下划线的“vulnerable”是什么意思?

考查词义理解题。

more更加，根据下文的转折butthecoatsstripespreventfliesfromlandingonthem,，可知更加易受攻击，故选D。

3．题意：

这篇文章最好的标题是什么?

考查标题归纳题。

A.WhyAnimalStripesComeinDifferentShapes为什么动物条纹有不同的形状；

B.WhySoManyAnimalsWearBlack-and-WhiteCoats为什么这么多动物披着黑白相间的“外套”；

C.HowWildAnimalsProtectThemselvesfromEnemies野生动物如何保护自己免受敌人的伤害；

D.HowBlackandWhiteBecomeBasicColorsinAnimalWorld黑白如何成为动物世界的基本颜色。

根据短文内容，通过探索不同动物的外貌颜色，发现很多动物披着黑白相间的条纹，故选B。

（二）2018•台州中考

Thewordcultureincludesnotonlythecustomsofoursociety,itsart,music,butalsoeverydayactivities.Culturesgiveusasenseofbelonginginsociety.Sothelosingofone’scultureis,formany,alarming.Manypeoplebelievetheirtraditionalwaysoflifeareunderthreat（威胁）andthatsomethingshouldbedone.Yetforsome,thelosingofcultureisanaturalresultofglobalization（全球化）andprogress.Soistheglobalizationofcultureathreatorachance?

Thosewhoseeglobalizationasathreatarguethatsocietiesarelosingspecialpartsoftheircultures.Forexample,Omotik,alanguagespokeninEastAfrica,hasonly50livespeakers.TherearealsoincreasingfearsinChina,wherethelosingofmusicalanddancetraditions,aswellastraditionalcrafts,iscausingconcerntomany.SomearguethatitishardtofinddifferencesbetweenLondonandTokyo.Youngpeople,whoseideasareofteninfluencedbyWesternorotherpopularcultures,oftenrefuseorevengiveupthetraditionstheirparentsgrewupwith.

Othersfocusontheadvantagesofglobalization.TheyacceptthatWesterncultureisspreading,buttheyalsopointtohowWesterncountriesandmanyotherpartsoftheworldarebeingshowntoworldcultures.YoungAmericansenjoyJapanesecomicmagazinesandwatchKoreanmovies.ThaiteenagersenjoypopmusicfromHongKong.Manyarguethatthereareadvantagestothesecross-culturalexchangesandthattheyleadtobetterunderstandingsbetweencultures.Theysayworldtraditionsarecelebratedmorewidelybecauseofthese.ChineseNewYear,nowcelebratedinmostbigcitiesaroundtheworld,isjustoneofthemanyfestivalsthatareacceptedinternationally.

Anyway,manygrass-rootsorganizationsandgovernmentsaremakingefforts（努力）toprotecttheircultures.OnesuccessfulexampleisWales.TherewasatimewhensocialpressureswerekillingofftheWelshlanguage,butafteryearsofefforts,itisnowanactivepartofWelshlifeagain.Aroundtheworld,similareffortsaregoingon.

（）4．WhichofthefollowingisanOPINIONaccordingtothepassage?

A．OmotikisalanguagespokeninEastAfrica.

B．YoungAmericansenjoyJapanesecomicmagazines.

C．Theglobalizationofculturesisachancetotraditionalones.

D．ChineseNewYearisnowcelebratedinmostbigcitiesaroundtheworld.

（）5．Theunderlinedword“concern”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”.

A．worriesB．changes

C．differencesD．problems

（）6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inParagraph3referto?

A．Advantages.B．Worldtraditions.

C．Cross-culturalexchanges.D．Betterunderstandings,

（）7．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．CultureChangesB．ThreatstoCulture

C．CultureProtectionD．ExchangesofCultures

4．C5．A6．C7．D

本文是一篇关于文化交流的议论文。

文化全球化是威胁还是机遇？

把全球化视为一种威胁的那些人认为社会正在失去他们文化中的特殊部分，另一些人则关注全球化的优势。

对于传统文化来说，文化全球化是一种机遇，无论如何，许多基层组织和政府正在努力保护他们的文化。

4．题意：

根据文章，下列哪个选项是一种观点?

考查细节理解题。

根据短文内容，ABD三项只是举例，结合设问句Soistheglobalizationofcultureathreatorachance?

Thosewhoseeglobalizationasathreatarguethatsocietiesarelosingspecialpartsoftheircultures.和Othersfocusontheadvantagesofglobalization.，可知Theglobalizationofculturesisachancetotraditionalones.也是一种观点，故选C。

5．题意：

第2段中划线的“concern”一词可能是“________”的意思。

A.worries担心；

B.changes改变；

C.differences不同；

D.problems问题。

根据本段中心句Thosewhoseeglobalizationasathreatarguethatsocietiesarelosingspecialpartsoftheircultures.和后文TherearealsoincreasingfearsinChina，可知BCD三项意思都与句意不合，故选A。

6．题意：

第3段中划线的“these”是指什么?

A.Advantages.优势。

B.Worldtraditions.世界的传统。

C.Cross-culturalexchanges.跨文化交流。

D.Betterunderstandings,更好的理解。

根据上文Manyarguethatthereareadvantagestothesecross-culturalexchangesandthattheyleadtobetterunderstandingsbetweencultures.跨文化交流可以增进不同文化之间的理解，可知these指代cross-culturalexchanges，意思是世界传统因为跨文化交流而被广泛地庆祝，故选C。

7．题意：

以下哪一个可能是这篇文章最好的标题?

A.CultureChanges文化改变；

B.ThreatstoCulture对文化的威胁；

C.CultureProtection文化保护；

D.ExchangesofCultures文化交流。

根据Sothelosingofone’scultureis,formany,alarming.Manypeoplebelievetheirtraditionalwaysoflifeareunderthreat（威胁）andthatsomethingshouldbedone.提出的问题，结合文中的两种对立观点和最后Anyway，manygrass-rootsorganizationsandgovernmentsaremakingefforts（努力）toprotecttheircultures，可知这篇文章是关于文化交流的，故选D。

（三）2018•临沂中考

Whatwasdiscoveredbyaccident?

Theanswerispenicillin（青霉素）.Itkillsgerms.Bykillinggerms,itsaveslives.Supposeyouaresick.Yougotoadoctor.Sheexaminesyou.Shesaysyouhavea“staph”infection（葡萄球菌感染）.Shegivesyousomemedicine.Youtakeit.Themedicineknocksoutthestaph.Soonyouarewell.Beforepenicillin,thiswouldnothappen.Staphwasalmostsuredeath.

Everyonewantedamedicine.Laboratoriesworkeddayandnight.Theygrewthestaphinsmalldishes.Thentheytriedtokillit.Nothingworked.

Thelaboratorydisheshadcoversonthem.Theykeptthingsfromfallingintodishes.Molds（霉菌）wereabigworry.Theyarealwaysintheair.Youcan’tseethem.They’retoosmall.Therearethousandsofdifferentmolds.Moldscanmakeanexperiment（实验）fail.That’swhydishesarecovered.

Dr.AlexanderFlemingwasworkingtokillthestaphgerm.Heworkedforyears.Onedayhetookacoveroffadish.Helookedinside.Therewasathickgrowthofstaphgerm.Therewasalsosomemold.Thenhesawsomethingstrange.Wherethemoldwas,therewasnogrowthofstaph.ThisiswhatFlemingprobablythought.“Byaccident,Ifoundamoldtokillthedreadedstaph.”

Thisishowpenicillinwasfound.Buthere’stherealmiracle（奇迹）.Therearethousandsofkindsofmolds.Butonlyonekindcankillstaph.Themoldmusthavefallenintothedishafewdaysbefore.Thecoverwasprobablyoffonlyafewseconds（秒）.Inthosefewsecondstherightmoldfellintotherightdish.Anothermanmighthavethrownthedishaway.ButFlemingwasverycarefulandsmart.Heunderstoodwhatthemolddid.Howluckythehumanswere!

（）8．Duringtheexperimentstofindamedicineforstaphinfections,________.

A．thedisheswerenotcoveredB．staphandmoldwereputtogether

C．moldwaskeptinsmalldishesD．staphwasgrowninsmalldishes

（）9．Theword“dreaded”means“_______”.

A．famousB．scary

C．healthD．endangered

（）10．Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat_______.

A．accidentshappentoeveryone

B．thecarefulpersondoesnothaveaccidents

C．thecarelesspersonwillmissvaluablechances

D．luckisenoughwhendoingscientificexperiments

（）11．Mostofthispassageiswrittenby______.

A．tellinganunusuals