学年度人教版选修八Unit 3 Inventors and inventions单元综合测试之一18页含有解析word版Word文档格式.docx
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学年度人教版选修八Unit 3 Inventors and inventions单元综合测试之一18页含有解析word版Word文档格式.docx
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nowIkeptthesmartphone.Iopenedsomeappswithoutconsciousthought;
rememberingtolookuponasportsfieldbecameachallenge.
Recently,Iwaswaitingformyyoungestchild'
ssoccergametostart,tryingtoansweremails,textmyhusband,andupdateawebsite.Thephonelostitssignalbeforemyupdatingthewebsite.
Idrovehomeandrushedtothelaptop.Coatstillon,Istartedtroubleshooting(检修故障).Myoldestsatacrossfromme.
IaskedthestandardMom-questionshalf-heartedly,half-listeningassheresponded.Shewastalkingaboutsomemusicopportunity,somethingshewasexcitedabout...
Iglancedupfrommyscreenandsawherlookingrightatme.MyfingersfrozeandIhadanawfulfeeling.IrealizeditwasthefirsttimeIhadlookedather.
Istartedapologizing,butshejustlaughed.
“Myfriendsaremuchbetteratmultitaskingonline.”
Thenextmorning,IdidsomethingthatwasmorepainfulthanI'
dliketoadmit.Ideleted(删除)myapps.WhenIfinished,mysmartphonewasjustaphoneagain—somethingIcouldforgetinthecar.
21.Whatdoestheauthorrequireherkidsnottodoathome?
A.Makealongphonecallwithothers.
B.Discusssomethingabouttechnology.
C.Handleseveralthingsatthesametime.
D.Useelectronicequipmentinthebedroom.
22.Whathappenedtotheauthorsinceshegotasmartphone?
A.Shepaidmoreattentiontoherkids.
B.Shesettechnologyruleswithherkids.
C.Shewasmoreinterestedinreadingbooks.
D.Shebecamemoreandmoredependentonit.
23.Howdidtheoldestdaughterfeelabouthermother'
shalf-heartedness?
A.Shefeltquiteangry.
B.Shedidn'
ttakeittoheart.
C.Shewasverysurprised.
D.Shewasworriedabouthermother.
24.Whatdecisiondidtheauthormakeatlast?
A.Neveruseaphoneagain.
B.Onlydoonethingatatime.
C.NeversurfontheNetagain.
D.Useherphoneonlywhennecessary.
B
Canmodernlifemakeyousick?
Haveyoueverexperiencedthefollowingsurprisingsyndromes?
Margaret'
sfriendistakinganewjobinafarawaycity.Shewantstoholdafarewelldinnerpartyatherhome.Butshecan'
t.MargaretsuffersfromCHAOS(Can'
tHaveAnyoneOverSyndrome).Herapartmentisalwaysmessyandshe'
sembarrassedbyit.“Mybestfriendgavemesomegoodadvice.Hetoldmetogetamaid,”shesays.
Thesedayswegetandreceivesomuchinformationeveryday.Peoplecall,text,andemailusalldaylongandtheyexpectquickresponsesfromus.Itcanbeverydemanding—andit'
smakingsomepeoplesick.Theyhaveinformationfatigue(疲劳)syndrome.Thereissomuchinformationthattheybecomeparalyzedandcan'
tthinkclearly.“Ican'
tsleepatnightbecauseIworry,”saysBahman,acollegesenior.“It'
sterrible.”
Doyousometimesengagein“deskfast”(eatingbreakfastatyourdeskatwork)?
Ifyouransweris“yes”,thenyoumaysufferfromhurrysickness.Hurrysicknessisastraightforwardnameforanothersyndromeofmodernlife.“I'
malwaysrushing.Igetheadachesalot.Takingaspirinseemstohelp,”saysMari,acompanyemployee.
We'
veallcomplainedabouthavingtoomuchworktodo.Well,howaboutnothavingenoughwork?
Underloadsyndromeiscausedbyhavinglittleornothingtodoattheoffice.Youhavetopretendthatyou'
reworking.Stevenworksasaprojectmanager.“Icanfinishmyworkinaboutfourhours,butI'
mafraidtosayanythingaboutit.Idon'
twanttobeassignedtoomuchwork!
”
Ifyouwerethesepeople,howwouldyoureduceyoursufferings?
25.WhatcanwelearnaboutMargaret?
A.Sheisnotatidyperson.
B.Sheisgoingtotakeanewjob.
C.Sheisgoodatthrowingaparty.
D.Sheisunwillingtoacceptothers'
advice.
26.WhatdoBahmanandMarihaveincommon?
A.Botharefullofenergy.
B.Bothlikeworkinggreatly.
C.Bothareundergreatstress.
D.Bothalwaysseemtoberushing.
27.What'
swrongwithSteven?
A.Heisnotwellqualifiedforhisjob.
B.Hetriestostayawayfrompressure.
C.Heistoobusytohavehisownlife.
D.Helacksconfidencewhenworking.
C
InJapan,Christmasjustisn'
tChristmaswithoutbutter.That'
sbecausetheJapaneselovetocelebrateChristmasEvewith“Christmascakes,”whicharefilledwithwhippedcream(生奶油)andtoppedwithstrawberries.Makingthistastytreatrequiressomeseriousamountsofbutter.Butthisyear,thecreamygoldenspreadisinshortsupplyontheislandnation.
Infact,manyJapanesesupermarketsarefreshoutofdairy
(milk)productsentirely.Thosethatdostillhavebutteroftenlimitshopperstooneboxapiece,andthepriceforthatboxismuchhigherthannormal.
NorthernJapanhasbeensufferingunusuallycoldwintersinrecentyears,andallofJapanhashadtoendure(忍受)hottersummers.Thisextremeweatherhasstressedoutthenation'
sdairycows.Theyhavenotbeenabletoproducetheirexpectedamountofmilk.
However,evenbeforethebadweather,Japan'
sbuttersupplywasintrouble.Thenumberofdairyfarmsinthecountryhasbeensteadilyshrinking.NotmanyyoungpeopleinJapanwanttobecomedairyfarmersanymore.
ThedemandfordairyproductsinJapanhasalsobeenfalling.TheJapanesedietconsistsmainlyofriceandseafood,anditoftendoesn'
trequiremanymilkproducts.Sothegovernmentdecidedtocutbackthenumberofthecountry'
sdairycowsin2007.Thisledtoabuttershortagein2008aswellasthecurrentshortage.
TheJapanesegovernmenthastriedtoincreasethestockofbutterbyimporting(进口)about10,000tonsfromoverseas.ButeventhisemergencysupplyhasdonelittletoendtheshortagethisChristmasseason.
BloggerAudreyAkcasusaysJapanesepeopleareusingsubstitutesintheircookingorpayingmoremoneyforreal
butter.
“Somebakeriesarechoosingtoreplacebutterwithmargarine(人造黄油)thisyear,claimingtheslightchangeintastewillbelessnoticeablethanthepotentialhigherpricewewouldseeiftheyusedimportedbutter,”shewritesinNikkanGendai,aJapanesenewspaper.“Butformanyshoppers,it'
llhavetobemargarineornothingthisChristmas.”
28.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1referto?
A.Themilk.
B.Thebutter.
C.Thestrawberry.
D.TheChristmascake.
29.WhichofthefollowingisprobablyverypopularinJapan?
A.Beingdairyfarmers.
B.Enjoyingvariousdairyproducts.
C.EatingcakesatChristmas.
D.Tastingmargarineratherthanrealbutter.
30.WhichofthefollowingisJapanactuallyfacingnow?
A.Acowcrisis.
B.Muchmilderwinter.
C.Ashrinkingpopulation.
D.Continuallyfallingfoodprices.
31.WhatdoesAudreyAkcasuthinkofthegovernment'
simportingbutterfromoverseas?
A.It'
swise.
B.It'
sunnecessary.
C.It'
sineffective.
D.It'
sunreasonable.
D
Attheturnofthe20thcentury,MaryAndersonmadehistorybyinventingautomobilewindshieldwipers(挡风玻璃雨刷器).In1902,whileridingatrolleybusinNewYorkCity,shecouldn'
thelpnoticingthatthedriverhadtocontinuallystopinordertowipesnowandicefromthewindshield.Andersonthought
thattherehadtobea
betterway.
In1903,sheinventedaswingingarmwitharubberblade(刮片)thatswungbackandforth,removingrainandsnowfromthewindshieldsurface.Anderson'
smodelwasdifferentfrom
today'
smodels,though,becauseitwashand-activatedbyalever(控制杆)frominsidethecar.Similardeviceshadbeenattempted
inthepast,butAnderson'
swasthefirsttoworkandthefirsttobesuccessfullypatented.Interestingly,shecouldnotselltherightstoherinvention.ACanadiancompanytoldherthatdriverswouldfindthemovementofthearm
toodistracting(分散注意力的).SoeventhoughAnderson'
swindshieldwipersbecamestandardincarsafter1915,herinventiondidnotmakehermuchmoney.
Andersonwasnottheonlyfemaleinventorofhertime.
Infact,womenhavebeenresponsibleformanypracticalinventions.JosephineCochran,forexample,declared,“Ifnobodyelseisgoingtoinventadishwashingmachine,Iwill.”AfterreceivingapatentonDecember28,1886,shepresentedherworkingdishwasheratthe1893World'
sFair.Atfirstnotahugesuccess,themachinewasusedonlybyhotelsandlargerestaurants.Householddishwashersdidnotbecomepopularuntilthe1950s.
Historically,womenhaveheldaminorityofpatents.InearlyU.S.history,socialandlegalbarriersoftendiscouragedwomenfrompatentinginventions.InAndersonandCochran'
stime,womenlackedthesamelegalrightsasmen,whichforcedmanywomentopatenttheirinventionsundertheirhusbands'
orfathers'
names.Itisunfortunatethatthegeniusbehindeachoftheseinventionswasnotalwaysrewardedorrecognized,becausethesewomenhelpedtocreatetheefficientworldwetakeforgrantedtoday.
32.What'
safeatureofAnderson'
sinvention?
A.Itdependedonelectricity.
B.Ithadtobecontrolledbyhand.
C.Itwasplacedinsidethecar.
D.Itcouldn'
tbeusedint
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