山东省届普通高中学业水平等级考试英语试题模拟卷Word格式文档下载.docx
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山东省届普通高中学业水平等级考试英语试题模拟卷Word格式文档下载.docx
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第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;
每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Timeforanadventure?
Areyouabitboredwithyournine-to-fiveroutine?
Havealookatourexcitingrangeofholidaysanddecidewhattypeofadventureyou’d1ike.
Activityholidays
Ouractivityholidaysareforeveryone,peoplewholovedangerorwhojustlikesports.Wehaveahugevarietyofwater,snowordesertholidays.We’11takeyouSCUBAdivingintheRedSeaorkayakingandwhitewaterraftinginCanada.Ifyouprefersnow,youcantryskiingorsnowboardingintheAlps.Forthosewholikewarmerweather,wealsohavesand-boarding—thedesertversionofskateboarding.
Polarexpeditions
TakeacruisetotheAntarcticortheArctic;
explorealandofwhitenaturalbeautyandwonderfulwildlife.OurexpertswillexplaineverythingaboutthetwopolesasyouwatchthepenguinsintheAntarcticorwhalesandpolarbearsintheArctic.
Culturaljourneys
Ourculturaljourneyswillhelpyoudiscoverancientcivilizations:
India,Thailand,Egyptandmanymore.Visittemples,palacesandancientruinsjustremembertobringyourcamera!
Gettoknowlocalwaysoflifebyexploringmarkets,tryingforeignfoodsandmeetinglocalpeople.
Trekkingtours
WehavetrekkingholidaystofamousplacessuchasMachuPicchuortheEverestBaseCampTrek,aswellassomenearertohomeintheHighlandsofScotland.Youdon’tneedtobeverysporty,justfairlyfit.You’11haveagreattimeenjoyingnaturewithagroupofnewfriends.Someoftheholidaysincludecamping,butwe’11transportthetentsforyou!
1.Whichtourwillyouchooseifyouwanttowatchanimalsinnature?
A.Activityholidays.B.Polarexpeditions.
C.Cuhuraljourneys.D.Trekkingtours.
2.Whatcanexplorersprobablydoduringthetrekkingtours?
A.Dosomesports.B.Enjoysandboarding.
C.Camponthemountains.D.TrysnowboardingintheAlps.
3.Whoaretheholidayadventureeventsmainlyaimedat?
A.Seniorretirees.B.Youngteenagers.
C.Regularworkers.D.Successfulbusinessmen.
B
“Whatisthebiggestchallengeofgraduateschool?
”anundergraduateaskedthegroupofgraduatestudentsataneventIhelpedorganizelastsummer.“Notlettingthesupportfrommycommunityturnintopressure,”onememberresponded.Thatanswermighthavesurprisedsome,whoprobablyexpectedtohearaboutexperimentsthatdidn’tworkortrudgingthroughacademicmaterials.ButIunderstoodexactlywhatshemeant.
Throughoutmyeducation,friendsandfamilyhaveexpectedmetotakeadvantageofeveryopportunityIcomeacrossbecauseImaynotgetthesamechanceagain.TheyexpectmetogiveoutstandingperformanceseverywhereIgobecauseIrepresentthemandourculture.Mentors(导师)expectthatIwillnevergiveup.Thishasbeenagreatsourceofmotivation,butalsoofpressure.
Irememberedaconversationwithamentor.Attheendofmyfirstyearofgraduateschool,Istruggledwithastrongdesiretoleavetheprogramwithamaster’sdegree.Iwasaccustomedtohearing“Don’tgiveup”and“Youhavetofinish”—wordsthatweremeanttobemotivational.Instead,theymademefeelIwouldbeadisappointmentifIleft.AfterIdiscussedtheprosandconsofleavingwithmymentor,sherespondedcompletelydifferentfromwhatIexpected.“Isupportanydecisionyoumake,”shesaid.“Iwillalwaysbeproudofyouandyourachievements.”Hearingthissimple,directstatementofsupport,Ifelteverymuscleofmybodyloosen.
Mymentorknewtherightthingtosay,butwecan’texpectthesamefromeveryone.Sometimes,friendsandfamilyaskme,“Howlonguntilyougetyourdegree?
”Asmanygraduatestudentswillagree,thisquestionisastressstarter.Now,whenpeopleinmycommunity—alwayswiththebestintentions—saysomethingthatcreatespressureandmakesmefeelbad,Itellthemandwetalkaboutit.ItellthemthatIprefertohear,“Doyouneedsomeonetotalkto?
HowcanIhelpyouthroughthisroughtime?
”Thiswasabitawkwardatfirst.ButI’vestartedtonoticeachange.Thesedays,Igetfewerstress-inducing(引起压力的)questionsandcomments.
4.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“trudging”inparagraph1?
A.Struggling.B.Seeing.C.Breaking.D.Cutting.
5.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3abouttheauthor?
A.Hewasafraidto1eavehisprogram.
B.Heappreciatedwhathismentorsaid.
C.Hepreferredtodiscussprosandcons.
D.Hehadastrongdesiretogetamaster’sdegree.
6.Whichdoestheauthorprefertohearwhenheneedssupport?
A.Nevergiveup!
B.Howaboutachat?
C.Haveyoupreparedfortheresult?
D.Goahead!
1willbackyouup!
7.What’sthemainideaofthetext?
A.Valuethesourceofinspirationfromyourcommunity.
B.Communicatewithyourcommunitymoreaboutstudy.
C.Findawaytoblockoutsupportfromyourcommunity.
D.Letsupportfromyourcommunitybecomelessstressful.
C
AnewstudyfindsthattheaverageperformanceofstudentsfromthelowestincomefamiliesintheUSlags(滞后)aboutthreetofouryearsbehindthatofthehighestincomestudentsanachievementgapthathasremainedconstantfordecades.Ananalysisofstandardizedtestsgiventomorethan2.7millionmiddleandhighschoolstudentsover40yearssuggeststhatfederaleducationprogramsaimedatclosingthegaparefallingshort.
Researcherslookedatresultsfromfourdifferentprogramsconductednationwideatvariuousintervalsfrom1971to2015totestteenagersinmath,readingandscience.Atotalof98examswereusedintheprograms,testingstudentsaged13-15aswellas17-year-olds.Testscoresfor17-year-oldstudentsinthebottom10thincomepercentile(百分位)werefarlowerthanthoseinthetop10thpercentile.
Meanwhile,theoveralltestscoresdidn’tshiftfor17-year-oldsduringthestudyperiod.Theydidimproveslightlyfor13-to15-year-olds,whichsuggeststhatfederalprogramsforyoungerstudentshavebeenhelpful.Butthelowestincomestudentsstillscoremuchlowerthanthehighestincomestudents.“Programsforolderstudentsarebadlyneeded,”saysstudycoauthorEricHanushek,aneducationeconomistatStanfordUniversity.“Lowerachievementinhighschoo1leadstolowerearningpotentialthroughoutaduhhood.Thenextgenerationisgoingtolookalotlikethisgeneration.Kidsfrompoorfamilieswillbecomepoorthemselves.”
Whethertheproblemisworsening,however,isupfordebate.A2011study,conductedbyStanfordeducationsociologistSeanReardon,lookedat12examsadministeredfrom1960to2007,andfoundthatthegapintestscoresbetweenthepoorestandthewealthieststudentsgrewby40percent.Itshowsthepooreststudents1agaboutthreetosixyearsbehindtheirwealthierpeersin1earning.Reardonsuggestedparentsofmeanswereincreasinglyinvestingintheirchildren’seducation,sharpeningthedivide.
Thedifferentresultsbetweenthenewstudyandthatconductedin2011comedowntothefactthattheresearchersanalyzedresultsfromdifferenttestsandhowtheycategorized(分类)familyincome1evel,sayseducationsociologistAnnaChmielewski.HanushekandReardonagreethattheincome-relatedachievementgapisalarming.
8.Whatdoestheresultofthenewstudyindicate?
A.Thepooreststudents’laggingbehindexistsinspecificagegroups.
B.Abetterstandardforcategoryshouldbeadoptedinthestudy.
C.Thefederaleducationprogramsturnedoutunsuccessfulgenerally.
D.Abetterschoolperformancenecessarilyleadstohigherincome.
9.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheseriousissue?
A.Byshowingthediscussionresult.B.Byclarifyingsomepoints.
C.Bydoingaquestionnaire.D.Bymakingacomparison.
10.Whatmaycausethedifferentresultsofthetwostudies?
A.Thedifferentcountries.B.Theanalyticalmethods.
C.Theincomeassessments.D.Thedifferentrangesofage.
11.Whydoestheincome-relatedachievementgapconcernpeople?
A.Itwilldisappeareventually.
B.Itwillfurtherwidenthesocialgap.
C.Itresultsinthestudents’blindcompetitions.
D.ItmakesAmericanssmarterandricher.
D
Scientistsalreadyknowthatplantsarehighlysensitivetotouchofanykind.Ifyou’veevertouchedMimosapudica(含羞草),you’vealreadywitnesseditsfan-likeleavescloseup.Butmostofthetime,theeffectisinvisible,orimmediatelyinvisible.Arecentstudyfoundthattouchingplantscausessuchadramaticresponseintheirhormonesandgeneexpressionthatitcouldgreatlypreventtheirgrowth.
Theteamtouchedthalecress,aweedyplant,withsoftpaintbrushes,andthenanalyzedtheplant’sbiologicalresponses.“Thelightesttouchfromahuman,ananimal,aninsect,orevenplantstouchingeachotherinthewind,causesahugegeneresponseintheplant,”JimWhelan,abiologistatLaTrobeUniversityinAustralia,saidinastatement.“Within30minutesofbeingtouched,10%oftheplant’sgenome(基因组)ischanged.”
Previousresearchhassuggestedthattouchcouldactuallybebeneficial,becauseitstimulates(刺激)theplant’simmunesystem.Butthisstudyfoundthattheplantsusedmanyresourcestorespondtotouch,whicharethennotavailableforgrowing.Theresearchersfoundiftheytouchedaplantmultipletimes,thiswasenoughtoreduceitsgrowthratebyasmuchas30%.Otherpapershavesimilarlyshownthattouchcanchangeplantgrowth;
apaperreleasedin2016foundthatevenagentlepatcouldchangetheexpressionofthousandsofgeneswithinthesameplant.
“Whileplantsdon’tappeartocomplainwhenwesteponthem,orjustbrushbythemwhilegoingforawalk,they’refullyawareofthiscontactandrapidlyrespondtoourtreatmentofthem,
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