英语六级真题卷第三套含答案Word格式文档下载.docx

英语六级真题卷第三套含答案Word格式文档下载.docx

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preferenceswerealready_____（39）towardtouch-screensmartphone.WiththeintroductionofApple'

siPhoneinthemiddleofthatyear,Nokia'

smarketshare_____（40）rapidlyandrevenueplunged.Bytheendof2013,NokiahadsolditsphonebusinesstoMicrosoft.

　　WhatsealedNokia'

sfatewasaseriesofdecisionsmadebyStephenElopinhispositionasCEO,whichhe_____（41）inOctober2010.EachdaythatElopspentinchargeofNokia,thecompany'

smarketvaluedeclinedby$23million,makinghim,bythenumbers,oneoftheworstCEOsinhistory.

　　ButElopwasnottheonlypersonat_____（42）.Nokia'

sboardresistedchange,makingitimpossibleforthecompanytoadapttorapidshiftsintheindustry.Most_____（43）,JormaOllila,whohadledNokia'

stransitionfromanindustrialcompanytoatechnologygiant,wastoofascinatedbythecompany'

s_____（44）successtorecognizethechangethatwasneededtosustainitscompetitiveness.

　　Thecompanyalsoembarkedona_____（45）cost-cuttingprogram,whichincludedtheeliminationofthousandsofjobs.Thiscontributedtothe_____（46）ofthecompany'

sonce-spiritedculture,whichhadmotivatedemployeestotakerisksandmakemiracles.Goodleadersleftthecompany,takingNokia'

ssenseofvisionanddirectionwiththem.Notsurprisingly,muchofNokia'

smostvaluabledesignandprogrammingtalentleftaswell.

A.assumedB.biasC.desperateD.deterioration

E.exception　　F.faultG.incidentally　　H.notably　　

I.previousJ.relayed　　K.shiftingL.shrank

M.subtleN.transmittingO.worldwide

　SectionB

　　First-GenerationCollege-Goers:

UnpreparedandBehind

　　Kidswhoarethefirstintheirfamiliestobravetheworldofhighereducationcomeoncampuswithlittleacademicknow-howandaremuchmorelikelythantheirpeerstodropoutbeforegraduation.

　　A）WhenNijayWilliamsenteredcollegelastfallasafires-generationstudentandJamaicanimmigrant,hewasacademicallyunpreparedfortherigorsofhighereducation.Likemanyfirst-generationstudent,heenrolledinamedium-sizedstateuniversitymanyofhishighschoolpeerswerealsoattending,receivedaPellGrant,andboardandtheclosenessoftheschooltohisfamily,hechosetoliveathomeandwordedbetween30and40hoursaweekwhiletakingafullclassschedule.

　　B）WhatNijaydidn'

trealizeabouthisschool—TennesseeStateUniversity—wasitsfrighteninglylowgraduationrate:

amere29percentforitsfirst-generationstudents.Attheendofhisfirstyear,NijaylosthisPellGrantofover$5,000afternarrowlymissingthe2.0GPAcut-off,makingitimpossibleforhimtocontinuepayingforschool.

　　C）NijayrepresentsalargeandgrowinggroupofAmericans:

first-generationcollegestudentswhoenterschoolunpreparedorbehind.Tomakemattersworse,theseschoolsareill-equippedtograduatethesestudents—youngadultswhofacespecificchallengesandobstacles.Theytypicallycarryfinancialburdensthatoutweighthoseoftheirpeers,aremorelikelytoworkwhileattendingschool,andoftenrequiresignificantacademicremediation（补习）.

　　D）MattRubinoffdirectsI'

mFirst,anonprofitorganizationlaunchedlastOctobertoreachouttothisspecificpopulationofstudents.Hehopestodistributethisinformationandhelpprospectivecollege-goersfindthebestpost-secondaryfit.AndwhileRubinoffbelievesthereareagoodnumberoffour-yearschoolsthattrulycareaboutthesestudentsandsetasidesignificantresourcesandprogramsforthem,hesaysthatnumberisn'

thighenough.

　　E）"

It'

snotonlytheselectiveandeliteinstitutionsthatprovidethoseopportunitiesforasmallsubsetofthispopulation,"

Rubinoffsaid,addingthatamajorityoffirst-generationundergraduatestendtowardoptionssuchasonlineprograms,two-yearcolleges,andcommuterstandschools."

Unfortunately,theretendstobealackofinformationandsupporttohelpstudentsthinkbiggerandbroader."

　　F）Despitethisproblem,manystudentsarestilldrawntotheseinstitutions—andtwo-yearschoolsinparticular.Asaformerhighschoolteacher,Isawstudentschoosefamiliar,cheaperoptionsyearafteryear.Insteadofskippingoutonhighereducationaltogether,theychosecommunitycollegesorstateschoolswithlowbarsforadmittance.

　　G）"

Theyunderestimatethemselveswhenselectingauniversity,"

saidDaveJarrat,amarketingexecutiveforInsideTrack,afor-profitorganizationthatspecializesincoachinglow-incomestudentsandsupportingcollegesinordertohelpstudentsthrive."

Therealityofitisthatalotoflow-incomekidscouldbegoingtoeliteuniversitiesonafullridescholarshipanddon'

tevenrealizeit."

　　H）"

Manystudentsarecomingfromasituationwherenoonearoundthemhastheexperienceofsuccessfullycompletinghighereducation,sotheyarecominginquestioningthemselvesandtheircollegeworthiness,"

Jarratcontinued.Thathelpsexplainwhy,asI'

mFirst'

sRubinoffindicated,theschoolstowhichthesestudentsendupresortingcanendupbeingsomeofthepoorestmatchesforthem.TheUniversityofTennesseeandTennesseeStateareworthcomparing.TennesseeState'

soverallgraduationrateisatiny39percent,butatleastithasasmallergapbetweentheoutcomesforfirst-generationstudentsandthoseoftheirpeers.

　　I）Still,theUniversityofTennesseedeservescreditforbeingtransparent.Manylargeinstitutionskeepthiskindofdatasecret—oratleastmakeitincrediblydifficulttofind.TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,forinstance,admitsonlythatthegraduationrateforitsfirst-generationpupilsis"

muchlower"

thanthepercentageofallstudentswhograduatewithinfouryears（81percent）.

　　J）Itisactuallyquitedifficulttofindreliablestatistiesontheissueformanyschools.Highereducationinstitutionsare,underfederallaw,requiredtoreportgraduationrates,butthesereportstypicallyonlyincludePellrecipientnumbers—notnecessarilyratesspecifictofirst-generationstudents.Otherinitiativesfailtobreakdownthedata,too.Imaginehowintimidatingitcanbeforprospectivestudentsunfamiliarwiththecomplexitiesofhighereducationtonavigatethiskindofinformationandthenidentifywhichschoolsarethebestfit.

　　K）ItwasthislackofinformationthatpromptedthelaunchofI'

mFirstin2013,originallyasanarmofitsumbrellaorganization,theCenterForStudentOpportunity."

Ifwecanhelptodirectstudentstomoreofthesetypesofcampusesandhelpstudentstounderstandthemtoberealisticandaccessibleplaces,havethemapplytotheseschoolsatgreaterfrequencyandultimatelygetinandenroll,wearegoingtoraisethesuccessrate,"

Rubinoffsaid,citingavarietyofcollegesrangingfromlargestateinstitutionstosmallerprivateschools.

　　L）ChelseaJones,whonowdirectsstudentprogrammingatI'

mFirst,wasafirst-generationcollegestudentatHoward.Likeotherstudentnewtotheintimidatinghigher-educationworld,sheoftenstruggledonherpathtocollege."

Therewasn'

treallyacollege-boundcultureatmyhighschool,"

shesaid."

IwanttogotocollegebutIdidn'

treallyknowtheprocess."

Jonesbecameinvolvedwithacollege-accessprogramthroughPrincetonUniversityinhighschool.Nowsheattributesmuchofherunderstandingofcollegetothat:

"

ButonceIgottocampus,itwasacompletelydifferentballgamethatnoonereallypreparedmefor."

　　M）Shewasfortunate,though.Howard,awell-regardedhistoricallyblackcollege,hadanarrayofresourcesforitsfirst-generationstudents,includingmatchingkidswithcounselors,connectingfirst-generationstudentstooneanother,andTRIO,anationalprogramthatsupported200studentsonHoward'

scampus.Still,Jonesrepresentsasmallpercentageoffirst-generationstudentswhoareabletogainentryintomoreeliteuniversities,whichareoftenknownforrobustfinancialaidpackagesandremarkablyhighgraduationratesforfirst-generationstudents.（Harvard,forexample,boastsasix-yeargraduationrateforunderrepresentedminoritygroupsof98percent.）

　　N）ChristianVazquez,afirst-generationTalegraduate,isanotherexception,hissuccessstorysettinghimfarapartfromstudentssuchasNijay."

ThereisalotofsupportatYale,toanextent,afterawhile,thereistoomuchsupport."

hesaid,half-jokingaboutthecountlessresourcesavailableattheschool.Studentsareplacedinsmallgroupswithcounselors（trainedseniorsoncampus）;

theyhaveaccesstoculturalandethnicaffinity（联系）groups,tutoringcentersandalsohaveasummerorientationspecificallyforfirst-generationstudents（thelatterbeingoneofthemostcommonprogramsforstudents）.

　　O）"

Oursupportstructurewasmorelike:

'

YouaregoingtogetthroughYale;

youaregoingtodowell.'

hesaid,hintingatmentors（导师）,staff,andprofessorswhoallprovidedsignificantsupportforstudentswholackedconfidenceabout"

belonging"

atsuchatopinstitution.

　46.Manyfirst-generationcollege-goershavedoubtsabouttheirabilitiestogetacollegedegree.

　47.First-generationcollegestudentstendtohavemuchheavierfinancialbur