懂你英语Level unitWord格式文档下载.docx
- 文档编号:17415472
- 上传时间:2022-12-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:25.19KB
懂你英语Level unitWord格式文档下载.docx
《懂你英语Level unitWord格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《懂你英语Level unitWord格式文档下载.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
-Whathappensinanextinctionevent
–Manyspeciesoflifebecomeextinct.
Onemajorextinctioneventhappenedabout66millionyearsago.
ThateventmayhavebeenstartedbyalargeasteroidthathittheEarth.
Asaresult,thedinosaursandabouthalfofallspeciesontheplanet,diedout.
WhentheasteroidhittheEarth,itstartedachainofevents.
Achainofeventsisaseriesofeventslinkedtogether,likeachain.
-Whatmayhavecausedtheextinctionofthedinosaurs
–Anasteroidhittheearthandstartedachainofevents.
Thisparticularchainofeventshappenedoveraperiodofmonthsandyears.
WhentheasteroidhittheEarth,itcausedahugecloudofdusttoentertheatmosphere.
ThiscloudofdustblockedthesunanddarkenedtheEarthformanymonths.
Withoutenoughsunlight,plantsandplant-eatinganimalsquicklydied.
Withthedeathsofsomanyplantsandanimals,thefoodchaincollapsed
Thisledtothedeathsofmanymorespecies.
-Whatcausedthefoodchaintocollapse
–Thedeathsofmanyplantsandplant-eatinganimals.
Massextinctioneventshaveplayedanimportantpartintheevolutionoflife.
Infact,someextinctioneventshavehelpstoaccelerateevolution.
Forexample,somemammalslivedthroughtheageofthedinosaurs,buttheycouldn’tcompete.
Whenthedinosaurswereremoved,themammalswereabletocompetemoresuccessfully.
Oncetheycouldcompete,mammalsevolvedtohigherstate.
Withoutextinctionevents,perhapswewouldn’tbeheretoday.
-Whatmayacceleratetheevolutionofmammals
–theextinctionofdinosaurs.
Mammalscouldn’tcompetesuccessfullywiththedinosaurs,sotheirevolutionwasblocked.
Scientistsestimatedthattherehadbeenatleast5massextinctionsinthelast540millionyears.
Theyalsobelievedthatwehaveenteredanewextinctionevent.
Speciesarebecomingextinctatamuchfasterratethanbefore.
Insteadoftheasteroidorvolcaniceruptions,thecurrenteventisaresultofhumanactivities.
Humanactivities,forexample,haveledtoglobalwarming.
-Whatiscausingthecurrentmassextinctionevent
–humanactivities
-Whatdoscientistsbelievehasalreadystarted
–anewextinctionevent.
Globalwarmingisaresultofanincreasingincarbongasesinoutatmosphere.
Thesegasestrapheatfromthesun,sotheEarthisgettingwarmer.
Asaresult,sealevelsarerising,andweatherpatternsarechanging.
Inaddition,wehumansaredestroyingthehabitatsofmanyplantsandanimals.
Cuttingdownforests,andpollutingriversdestroysthehabitatsofmanyformsoflife.
-Whyaresealevelsrising
–Withtheriseintemperature,thepolaricecapsaremelting.
Thereisnolongeranydoubtthatthisishappening.
Speciesoflifearedisappearingatanincreasingrate.
Globaltemperaturesarerisingandweatherpatternsarechanging.
Scientistsarewarningusthatfastactionisnecessarytosaveourfuture.
Ifwedon’tact,wemaygothewayofthedinosaurs.
Thisnewextinctioneventiscausedbyhumans.
Vocabulary
Thebody’scirculatorysystemincludestheheartandbloodvessels.
Theheartpumpsbloodtoallpartsofthebodythroughanetworkofarteriesandveins.
Thedigestivesystembreaksdownandabsorbsfoodintothebody.
Itsuppliestheenergythatthebodyneedsforgrowthandrepair.
Afterdigestion,excessfoodisturnedintowasteandeliminatedfromthebody.
Thenervoussystemincludesthebrain,spinalcord,andnerves.
Thisisyourbody’scontrolsystem.
Itcontrolsyourmusclesandorgans,includingyourcirculatoryanddigestivesystems.
Therespiratorysystemincludesthenoseandlungs.
Itbringsairandoxygenintothebodyandremovescarbondioxide.
Thelungsarewhereoxygenentersthebloodstreamandcarbondioxideisremoved.
Theimmunesystemprotectsthebodyagainstinfectionsanddiseases.
Sneezingandfeverareexamplesofhowtheimmunesystemworks.
Ifaninfectioninvadesthebody,theimmunesystemattacksit.
Thenervoussystemregulatesyourheartbeatanddigestion.
Forsomediseases,theimmunesystemuseswhitebloodcellsandantibodiestoattackit.
Thedigestivesystemiswherefoodisbrokendownandabsorbedintothebody.
Thecontrolleduseoffireallowedpeopletocookfoodandsurviveincolderclimates.
Fireprovidedlightsothatpeoplecouldworkandsocializeforlongerhours.
Withtheinventionofagriculturepeoplecouldgrowfoodandsettleintocommunities.
Bygrowingfood,peoplecouldspendlesstimehuntingandmoretimeforotherthingssuchasart.
Thedomesticationofanimalsallowedpeopletoraiseanduseanimalsforfoodandwork.
Byraisingherdsofanimalsuchassheep,humanshadaregularsupplyofmeatandclothing.
Thestrengthofanimalssuchashorseandoxwasusedforworkingtransportation.
Thedevelopmentoftoolsandmachineshasresultedintomoreefficientmanufactureandconstruction.
Withbettertoolsandmachinesworkcanbedonewithfewerpeopleatmuchlowercost.
Thedevelopmentofscienceandengineeringhasimprovedmanythingsincludingcommunications.
Withunderstandingofelectricity,telephonesandradiosallowpeopletocommunicateoverlongdistances.
Scienceandengineeringbreakthroughsarerapidlychangingthewayweliveourlives.
Scienceandengineeringhavechangedthewaywecommunicatewitheachother.
Theuseofmachineshasreducedthenumberofpeopleneededtomakethings.
Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,peoplehadmoretimeforotheractivities.
Theabilitytoraiseherdsofanimalsgavehumanaregularsupplyofmeatandclothing
Dialogue
M:
Itookavocationlastnight.
W:
WhatareyoutalkingaboutWheredidyoutakeyourvocation?
Ididn’tgoanywhere.Ijustspentaneveningwithoutmysmartphone.
Howwasit?
Itwasgreat.Igotarealmagazineandreaditwithnointerruption.
Itwasverypeaceful.
Yes,Ihaven’tdonethatinalongtime.
-Ifsomeoneisinterrupted,theyhaveto…
-stopwhattheyaredoing.
-Whathasn’tshedoneinalongtime
–Shehasn’tspenttimewithouthersmartphone.
-Whatmadetheeveningdifferent
–Hedidn’tusehissmartphone.
YouknowwhatI’mbeginningtohatesmartphones.
ReallyButyoucan’tlivewithoutone,right?
Yes,that’stheproblem.Thesethingsarechangingthewaypeoplelive.
-Whatcan’tpeoplelivewithout
–Peoplecan’tlivewithoutsmartphones.
-Howdoeshefeelaboutsmartphones
–He’sbeginningtohatethem.
Yes,Ijustsawadocumentaryaboutthat.Ahusbandwascomplainingtohiswifethatshewasspendingtoo
muchtimeonhersmartphone.
-Whathappenedtothecouple
–Theygotadivorce.
-Whatwasthewifespendingtoomuchtimedoing
–playingonhersmartphone.
It’sabitironic.Don’tyouthinkSmartphonesweresupposedtobringpeopletogether,buttheyarepulling
peopleapart.
Yes,you’reright.
Hey,justaminute.I’vegotamessageonmysmartphoneanditcan’twait.
-Whatdotheythinkisironicaboutsmartphones
–Insteadofbringingpeopletogether,theyarepullingthemapart.
Boss:
Hey,wakeupandgetbacktowork.What’swrongwithyou?
Employee:
I’monmybreak,sir.AndIhaveabadheadache.
Well,we’renotpayingyoutosleep.Ifyou’regoingtosleep,sleepsomeplaceelse.
Yes,sir.Sorry.Itwon’thappenagain.
Youhadbetternot.
-Howdidtheemployeetreatthemanager
–respectfully.
Justaminute.Don’ttalktomelikethat.
Whatdidyousay?
Youhurtme.Youdon’thavetotreatpeoplelikethat.
Well,ifyoudon’tlikeit,Isuggestyouleave.
OK,Iwill.I‘vehadenoughofyou.I’llgetajobsomewhereelse.
-Howdoestheemployeefeel
–angry.
Level4unit2part2
Thismanisholdingapieceoffruitinhishand.
Thepieceoffruitiseitheranorangeoranapple.
Wecan’tseewhichitisbecausewecan’tseeinsidethebox.
Theprobabilitythatitisanorangeisequaltotheprobabilitythatitisanapple.
Itmaybeanappleanditmaybeanorange.
It’sgottobeoneortheother.
Itcan’tbeanythingelse.
-What’stheprobabilitythatit’sabanana
–Theprobabilityis0%.
Itmaybeanapplebutitcan’tbeabanana.
Nowlet’slookatitfromtheman’spointofview.
Fromhispointofview,theprobabilitiesaredifferent.
Fromhispointofview,theprobabilitythathehasanorangeis100%or0%.
That’sbecauseheknowswhathehas.
Forhim,thereisnouncertainly.
Ifhehasanorange,theprobabilityis100%.
Ifhedoesn’thaveanorange,theprobabilityis0%.
Heeitherhasit,orhedoesn’t.
-Fromourpointofview,what’stheprobabilitythatit’sanorange
-50%.
Fromourpointofview,theprobabilitythathehasanorangeis50%.
Fromhispointofview,theprobabilitythathehasanorangeis100%or0%.So
theprobabi
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 懂你英语Level unit 英语 Level