英语演讲教程精选多篇Word格式文档下载.docx
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英语演讲教程精选多篇Word格式文档下载.docx
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number3is...preparation!
!
preparationiseverything!
withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbetotallyconfidentandlessnervous.andyouraudiencewillfeelyourconfidence.youraudience,too,willbeconfident.theywillbeconfidentinyou.andthiswillgiveyoucontrol.controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation.withcontrol,youwillbe‘incharge’andyouraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage. objective beforeyoustarttoprepareapresentation,youshouldaskyourself:
“whyamimakingthispresentation?
”doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,totrainortosell?
yourobjectiveshouldbeclearinyourmind.ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannotpossiblybecleartoyouraudience. audience ”whoamimakingthispresentationto?
”sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.youshouldtrytoinformyourself.howmanypeople?
whoarethey?
businesspeople?
professionalpeople?
politicalpeople?
expertsornon-experts?
willitbeasmall,intimategroupof4colleaguesoralargegatheringof400competitors?
howmuchdotheyknowalreadyandwhatwilltheyexpectfromyou?
venue ”whereamimakingthispresentation?
”inasmallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehall?
whatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailable?
whataretheseatingarrangements?
timeandlength ”whenamimakingthispresentationandhowlongwillitbe?
”willitbe5minutesor1hour?
justbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,orjustafterlunch,whenyouraudiencewillbesleepy?
method howshouldimakethispresentation?
”whatapproachshouldyouuse?
formalorinformal?
lotsofvisualaidsoronlyafew?
willyouincludesomeanecdotesandhumourforvariety?
content ”whatshouldisay?
”nowyoumustdecideexactlywhatyouwanttosay.first,youshouldbrainstormyourideas.youwillnodoubtdiscovermanyideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.butyoumustbeselective.youshouldincludeonlyinformationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyourobjective.youshouldexcludeallotherideas.youalsoneedtocreateatitleforyourpresentation.thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject.andyouwillprepareyourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.butremember,ingeneral,lessisbetterthanmore.youcanalwaysgiveadditionalinformationduringthequestionsafterthepresentation. structure awellorganisedpresentationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofollow.itisthereforemoreeffective.youshouldorganisethepointsyouwishtomakeinalogicalorder.mostpresentationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followedbyquestions:
beginningshortintroductionwelcomeyouraudience introduceyoursubject explainthestructureofyourpresentation explainrulesforquestions middlebodyofpresentationpresentthesubjectitself endshortconclusionsummariseyourpresentation thankyouraudience invitequestions questionsandanswers notes whenyougiveyourpresentation,youshouldbe-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.youshouldnotreadyourpresentation!
youshouldbesofamiliarwithyoursubjectandwiththeinformationthatyouwanttodeliverthatyoudonotneedtoreadatext.readingatextisboring!
readingatextwillmakeyouraudiencegotosleep!
soifyoudon’thaveatexttoread,howcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosay?
withnotes.youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.somepeoplemakenotesonsmall,a6cards.somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtalk.somepeoplewritedownkeywordstoremindthem.thenoteswillgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwillhavepreparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynotevenneedthem!
rehearsal rehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation.youshouldleavetimetopractiseyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes.thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits:
youwillbecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwanttosay youwillidentifyweaknessesinyourpresentation youwillbeabletopractisedifficultpronunciations youwillbeabletocheckthetimethatyourpresentationtakesandmakeanynecessarymodifications soprepare,prepare,prepare!
prepareeverything:
words,visualaids,timing,equipment.rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.isittherightlength?
areyoucompletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrations?
aretheyintherightorder?
doyouknowwhotheaudienceis?
howmanypeople?
howwillyouanswerdifficultquestions?
doyouknowtheroom?
areyouconfidentabouttheequipment?
whenyouhaveansweredallthesequestions,youwillbeaconfident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytocommunicatethesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience. equipment easilyyourmostimportantpieceofequipmentis...you !
makesureyou’reinfullworkingorder,andcheckyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyoudon’t,youraudiencewill!
theoverheadprojectordisplaysoverheadtransparencies.ithasseveraladvantagesoverthe35mmslideprojector:
itcanbeusedindaylight theusercanfacetheaudience theusercanwriteordrawdirectlyonthetransparencywhileinuse thewhiteboardisausefuldeviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,forexample.forpreparedmaterial,theohpmightbemoresuitable.thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard.itisessentialthatthedusterbecleantostartwith.youmayconsidercarryingyourowndusterjustincase.markersareusedforwritingonthewhiteboardorflipchart.theyareusuallyavailableinblue,red,blackandgreen.again,it’sagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarkersincaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwritewell.“agoodworkmanneverblameshistools.”theflipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyou‘flip’orturnover.somepeopleprefertheflipcharttothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmallerpresentations.theslideprojector-whichmustbeusedinadarkenedroom-addsacertaindrama.someslideprojectorscanbesynchronisedwithaudioforaudio-visualpresentations.theseprojectorsaretypicallyusedforlargerpresentations.themajoritytake35mmslidesortransparencies,butprojectorsfor6x6cmslidesarealsoavailable.transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojectororaslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscaseafoldingscreenwhichcanbepackedupandtransported.thenotebookcomputerisincreasinglybeingusedtodisplaygraphicsduringpresentations.itisoftenusedinconjunctionwithanoverheadprojector,whichactuallyprojectstheimagefromthecomputerscreenontothewallscreen.handoutsareanydocumentsorsamplesthatyou‘handout’ordistributetoyouraudience.notethatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation.theaudiencewillreadthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou. delivery ’delivery’referstothewayinwhichyouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.deliveryisavitalaspectofallpresentations.deliveryisatleastasimportantascontent,especiallyinamulti-culturalcontext. nerves mostspeakersarealittlenervousatthebeginningofapresentation.soitisnormalifyouarenervous.theansweristopayspecialattentiontothebeginningofyourpresentation.firstimpressionscount.thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapportwithyouraudience.duringthistime,trytospeakslowlyandcalmly.youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart.afterafewmoments,youwillrelaxandgainconfidence. audiencerapport youneedtobuildawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyouraudience.enthusiasmiscontagious.ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudiencewillbeenthusiastictoo.andbecarefultoestablisheyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience.eachpersonshouldfeelthatyouarespeakingdirectlytohimorher.thismeansthatyoumustlookateachpersoninturn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.thiswillalsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom,disinterestorevendisagreement,allowingyoutomodifyyourpresentationasappropriate. yourobjectiveistocommunicate!
bodylanguage whatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay.yourbodyisspeakingtoyouraudienceevenbeforeyouopenyourmouth.yourclothes,yourwalk,yourglasses,yourhaircut,yourexpression-itisfromthesethatyouraudienceformsitsfirstimpressionasyouentertheroom.generallyspeaking,itisbettertostandratherthansitwhenmakingapresentation.beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritatinggestures.beaware,too,thatthemovementofyourbodyisoneofyourmethodsofcontrol.whenyoumovetoorfromthewhiteboard,forexample,youcanmovefastorslowly,raisingorreducingthedynamismwithintheaudience.youcanstandverystillwhiletalkingoryoucanstrollfromsidetoside.whateffectdoyouthinkthesetwodifferentapproacheswouldhaveonanaudience?
culturalconsiderations becauseenglishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld,itisquitepossiblethatmanymembersofyouraudiencewillnotbenativeenglish-speakers.inotherwords
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