名词和名词短语Word文档格式.docx
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名词和名词短语Word文档格式.docx
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•名词复数
•1)child——children
foot——feet
tooth——teeth
• mouse——mice
man——men
woman——women
• 注意:
由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;
Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans.
•2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin等。
但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、
的不规则变化
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
例如:
• people police cattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
•4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
• a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。
• b.news为不可数名词。
•c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。
• TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。
• d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
• "
TheArabianNights"
isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
•5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:
glasses(眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);
suit(套);
apairofglasses;
twopairsoftrousers等。
•6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:
goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。
名词的格
•英语中有些名词可以加"
'
s"
来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:
ateacher'
sbook.名词所有格的规则如下:
•1)单数名词词尾加"
,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"
,如theboy'
sbag男孩的书包,men'
sroom男厕所。
•2)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加"
'
"
,如:
theworkers'
struggle 工人的斗争。
•3)凡不能加"
的名词,都可以用"
名词+of+名词"
的结构来表示所有关系,如:
thetitleofthesong歌的名字。
•4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:
thebarber'
s理发店。
•5)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有'
s,则表示"
分别有"
;
只有一个'
s,则表示'
共有'
.例如:
• John'
sandMary'
srooms(两间) JohnandMary'
sroom(一间)
•6)复合名词或短语,'
s加在最后一个词的词尾。
amonthortwo'
sabsence
不可数名词量的表示
•1)物质名词
• a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
• 比较:
Cakeisakindoffood. 蛋糕是一种食物。
(不可数)
• Thesecakesaresweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。
(可数)
• b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。
• Thisfactoryproducessteel. (不可数)
• Weneedvarioussteels. (可数)
• c.当物质名词表示份数时,可数。
• Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。
• Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。
•2)抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。
• fourfreedoms四大自由
thefourmodernizations四个现代化
• 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice 一则建议。
定语名词的复数
•1)
用复数作定语。
• sportsmeeting运动会
studentsreading-room学生阅览室
• talkstable谈判桌
theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系
•2)man,woman,gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
• menworkers womenteachers gentlemenofficials
•3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。
• goodstrain(货车)
armsproduce 武器生产
• customspapers海关文件
clothesbrush
衣刷
•4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。
• two-dozeneggs 两打鸡蛋 aten-milewalk十英里路
• two-hundredtrees两百棵树
afive-yearplan. 一个五年计划
名词词组
•词组的几种方法
1.n.+adj.短语,如thejobsavailabletowomen
2.n.+介词短语,如achildwithreadingproblem
3.adv.+v.-ed+n.,如seeminglylimitednumber
4.n.+v.-ed短语或者-ing短语
5.n.ofsth
讲练结合:
•1.
Thisis___reading-room.
•A.theteacher’s
B.teacher’s
C.teacher’s
D.theteachers’
•2.
Nothingwasfoundbut___broken.
•A.theroomwindow
B.theroom’swindow
C.theroomofthewindow
D.thewindowofroom
•3.
Howmany___wouldyoulike?
•A.paper
B.bread
C.piecesofpapers
D.piecesofbread
•4.
Hewaspraisedforhis___.
•A.brave
B.bravery
C.bravely
D.greatbrave
•5.
Pleasegetmeanew___whenyougototown.
•A.clothes
B.dress
C.clothing
D.trousers
•6.
Thereare34___doctorsinthehospital.
•A.woman
B.women
C.woman’s
D.women’s
•7.
Some___areeventhinnerthanyourlittlefinger.
•A.bamboo
B.bamboos
C.kindsofbamboo
D.kindsofbamboos
•8.
Hewasborninthistownandnowhelivesin___.
•A.Buildingsecond
B.BuildingTwo
C.theBuildingTwo
D.BuildingtheSecond
•9.
Oldasheis,hehas___todoeveryday.
•A.alotofwork
B.muchworks
C.lotsofhomeworks
D.quitealotofhomeworks
•10.
Jack’sroomisfurnishedwith___.
•A.newfurnitures
B.manynewfurnitures
C.manynewpiecesoffurnitures
D.manynewpiecesoffurniture
•11.
Haveyouread___newspaperyet?
•A.today’s
B.Today’s
C.thetoday’s
D.yourtoday’s
•12.
It’snotfar,only___walkfromheretoourschool.
•A.atenminutes
B.tenminutes
C.atenminutes’
D.tenminutes’
•13.
Lastmonth,hewroteme___letter.
•A.a1000-word
B.1000words
C.a1000-words
D.1000words’
•14.
Hehada___sleepyesterday.
•A.agoodnight
B.agood-night
C.agoodnight’s
D.good-night’s
•15.
___isnotalongwaytodrive.
•A.Threemilesdistance
B.Three-miledistance
C.Threemiles’distance
D.Athree-mile-distance
•16.
Hisisn’tfitforthework.Pleasegetme___.
•A.somethingelse
B.somebodyelse
C.someoneelse’s
D.somebody’selse
•17.
Doyouknowhowlarge___is?
•A.populationofChina
B.Chinesepopulation
C.Chinapopulation
D.China’spopulation
•18.
___istoomuchfortheboytocarry.
•A.Theboxweight
B.Thebox’sweight
C.Theweightofthebox
D.Theboxoftheweight
•19.
Excuseme,howcanIgettothenearest___shop?
•A.shoes
B.shoe
C.shoes’
D.shoe’s
•20.
What___weatherwe’rehavingthesedays!
•A.nice
B.anice
C.abad
D.worse
•21.
Theysaythatthemeetingwillbe___.
•A.ofveryimportant
B.greatimportance
C.ofgreatimportance
D.greatimportant
•22.
I’mgoingtocallat___thisevening.
•A.MrBlack
B.theBlacks
C.MrBlack’s
D.Blacks’
•23.
WhatDarwinsaidwasanattackonpeople’sreligious___.
•A.belief
B.beliefs
C.beliefs
D.believs
•24.
Therearesome___waitingforyououtside.
•A.German
B.American
C.grown-up
D.Japanese
•25.
Theirfactoryhasdevelopedakindof___tohelppeoplewalk.
•A.machine
B.machines
C.amachine
D.themachine
•26.
There’remany___inmybrother’salbum.
•A.leafs
B.toys
C.books
D.stamps
•27.
YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtalotof___.
•A.tomatoes
B.potatos
C.vegetable
D.meats
•28.
UponhearingwhatIsaid,his___rose.
•A.anger
B.angry
C.angrily
D.angriness
•29.
Excuseme,canyouchangethis___forme?
•A.five-poundnote
B.fivepoundsnote
C.five-poundnotes
D.fivepoundsnotes
•30.
Youhavetomake___foryourjourney
•A.preparing
B.preparation
C.apreparation
D.preparations
•31.
Whilewashingup,shebrokea___.
•A.glasswine
B.wineglass
C.glassofwine
D.wineofglass
•32.
Youhaveworkedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto___.
•A.fall
B.reality
C.practice
D.deed
•33.
Here’smycard,Let’skeepin___.
•A.touch
B.relation
C.connection
D.friendship
•34.
I’lllookintothematterassoonaspossible,justhavealittle___.
•A.wait
B.time
C.patience
D.rest
•35.
Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askhimorhertoleavea___.
•A.message
B.letter
C.sentence
D.notice
•36.
Wewalkedallthe___tothemuseum.
•A.trip
B.road
C.way
D.journey
•37.
Scientistsarewatchingfortheearliest___ofharmful___ontheworld’sweather.
•A.signs;
effects
B.marks;
affect
C.tracks;
affections
D.instance;
effections
•38.
Theseyoungpeoplearenowmakinganactive___tosavetheoldtemple.
•A.part
B.effort
C.decision
D.plan
•39.
Don’tpushtothefront;
youhavetowaityour___.
•A.chance
B.duty
C.line
D.turn
•40.
Youneedmore___tokeepfit.
•A.practice
B.train
C.exercises
D.exercise
答案
1-5DADBB6-10BCBAD11-15ADACC16-20CDCBA21-25CCBDA26-30DAAAD31-35BCACA35-40CABDD
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