新视野视听说教程4听力文本及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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新视野视听说教程4听力文本及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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Afewweekspass(S5)uneventfully.Butoneafternoon,alocalcowhandcomesrunningthroughtown(S6)yelling,“BigJohniscoming!
Runforyour(S7)lives!
Whenthebartenderleavesthebartostartrunning,heisknockedtothegroundbyseveraltownspeoplerushingoutoftown.(S8)Ashe’spickinghimselfup,heseesalargeman,almostsevenfeettall.He’smuscular,andisgrowingasheapproachesthebar.
Hestepsuptothedoor,ordersthepoorbarkeepinside,anddemands,“IwantabeerNOW!
Hestrikeshisheavyfistonthebar,splittingitinhalf.(S9)Thebartendernervouslyhandsthebigmanabeer,handsshaking.Hetakesthebeer,bitesthetopofthebottleoff,anddownsthebeerinonegulp.
Astheterrifiedbartenderhidesbehindthebar,thebigmangetsuptoleave,“Doyouwantanotherbeer?
”thebartenderasksinatremblingvoice.
“Dangit,Idon’thavetime!
”thebigmanyells,(S10)“Igottogetoutoftown!
Don’tyouhearBigJohniscoming?
Task3:
AViewofHappiness
Dr.Smithhasproposedareasonable,ifperhapssomewhatoversimplifies,viewofhappiness.Accordingtohistheory,happinessmightbedescribedasastateofbalance.Andwhenhumanorcertainanimalsachievethatbalance,theytendtoremaininthatconditioninordertorepeatthehappyfeeling.
Toillustratethis,wemaystudytheactionoftwomagnets.Whentheirpositiveandnegativepolesmeet,theyarecomfortablyjoined,andtheyremainthere.Inotherwords,theyhaveattainedabalanceorstateofhappiness.Ifontheotherhand,oneofthepolesisreversed,andpositivepoleispressesagainstpositivepole,thereisresistance,instability,imbalanceastateofunhappiness.
Animalswithsomedegreeofintelligenceseemtofindhappinessinreinforcement.Oncetheyhavegainedoneormoreoftheirgoalssuchasfood,andwater,theylearntorepeattheactionsthatledtosatisfactionofthosegoals.Thisrepetitionorreinforcementproducesastateofbalanceorsenseofhappiness.
Accordingtothistheory,onlyanimalswithasignificantcapacitytolearnshouldbeabletoexperiencehappiness.Butintruthlearningcantakeplacethroughsurprisinglysimpleshort-termactionsuchasscratchinganitch,followedbypleasure,followedbymorescratching,andsoon.Thuslearningcanoccurwithalmostnoconsciousthought.
Forhumanbeings,blessedwiththeabilitytoreason,goalsarenotlimitedtotheshort-termsatisfactionofneeds.Indeed,thereisastronglinkbetweenhappinessandthefulfillmentoflong-termgoals.Evenifhumanstriveforgoalsthataremorecomplexandlonger-termthantheanimals’goals,oncethosegoalsaregained,happinessisreinforced.
TheVoiceLift
Aftertheface-lift,theforeheadtightened,andthe(S1)nosejob,somethingstillmightberevealingyourage:
your(S2)voice.
Forpatientswhothinktheirtrembly,hoarsewordsdon’t(S3)matchtheirnewlyfaceandfigure,there’saprocedurethatclaimstomakethem(S4)soundyoungertoo:
thevoicelift.
Therearetwogeneralkindsofvoicelifts.Insomecases,implants(S5)insertedthroughanincisioninthe(S6)neckbringthevocalcordsclosertogether.Doctorsalsouseinjectionsof(S7)fatorothersubstancestoplumpupthecords,sothatthevoicesoundsyounger.
(S8)Thevoiceliftisbecomingmorewidelyknownamonganagingpopulation,whotrytomakethemselvessoundyounger.
“Ispeakinagreatdeal,orIwasshouting,onaparticularday,attheendoftheday,Iwouldfeelexhausted,”saidRobertBrown,75,(S9)aretiredconstructionengineerwhounderwentthevoiceliftseveralyearsago,“Idon’tknowifIsoundyounger,butthehoarsenessisgone,whichissuchagreatimprovement.”
(S10)Voiceliftcanalsobenefitpeoplelikeperformers,lawyers,teachers,andtelephoneoperatorswhoneedtohaveastrongvoiceandhopetoshaveyearsoffthesoundoftheirvoice.
Menareturningtoplasticsurgeryandcosmeticprocedurestobrightenuptheirappearancesatafasterratethanwomen,accordingtoasurveyreleasedonWednesday.
Men’suseoffatinjectionstosoftendeepwrinklesleaped47percentlastyearfromthepreviousyear.Women’suseoftheinjectionsfell36percent,accordingtoasurveybytheAmericanAcademyofFacialandPlasticReconstructiveSurgeons.
Men’suseofbotoxinjectionstoeliminatefrownlinesrose88percent,whilewomen’sbotoxusefell8percent.
Andforsmoothingskin,theuseoflaserresurfacingamongmenrose13percent,thesurveyshowed.Meanwhile,women’suseoflaserresurfacingdropped38percentduringthesametimeperiod.
Thenumberofmengettingnosejobsrose47percent,whilethenumberofwomendoingsorose5percent.
Typically,menandwomenvisitingplasticsurgeonsforcosmeticreasonswereage40to59.
Thestudysaid44percentofmenand57percentofwomentelltheirdoctorthatlookingyoungeristhereasontheyarechoosingcosmeticsurgery.
Byabout18percent,menaremorelikelythanwomentosaytheywantfacialcosmeticsurgeryforwork-relatedreasons.
ThestudywasconductedbywrittenquestionnairesfromJanuary20toMarch3amongmorethan2,600membersoftheassociation,whofocusontreatmentoftheface,head,andneck.
Bycomparison,inthepreviousyear,women’suseofbotoxrose60percentwhilemen’sfell14percent;
women’suseoflaserresurfacingrose13percentwhilemen’sfell19percent;
women’suseoffatinjectionsfell17percentandmen’sfell54percent.
FloodinginHaitiandtheDominicanRepublic
Thedeathtoocontinuesto(S1)climbfromlastweek’sfloodinginHaitiandtheDominicanRepublic.TheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(S2)reportsthatatleast1,068peoplearedead,1,600are(S3)missing,and25,000areinneedofemergencyfoodandotherformsof(S4)assistance.InDominicanRepublic,414aredeadand274aremissing,allfromthetownofJimani.
Akey(S5)factorinthewidespreaddestructionistheextensivedeforestationandthe(S6)presenceofsettlementsalongthefloodplainsofrivers.
Thefloodingwasdrivenbyintenserainfall.Alow-pressuresystem(S7)originatinginCentralAmericabroughtexceptionallyheavyrainandthunderstormstoHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicfromMay18to25.(S8)Rainfallexceeded500mm(or19.7inches)alongtheborderareasofHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicduringthatperiod.AtthetownofJimani,DominicanRepublic,250mm(or10inches)ofrainfellinjust24hours,causingtheSolieRivertooverflowitsbanksfromMay24to25.Theheavyrainfallresultedinflashfloodingandextensivedebrisflowedovertheentireregion.Swollenriversanddebriscutoffmanyoftheroadstraversingtheareaalongthebaseofthemountains.(S9)Thismadeitdifficultforhumanitarianreliefworkertorescuestrandedpeopleanddeliverbadly.
Nowpeoplewanttoknow:
Howoftendofloodsandrelatedlandmassmovementalsocausedlandsidesinafewplaces.(S10)AnalysisofthepastdateshowsthatmajorfloodsintheDominicanRepublicandHaitiarenowanear-annualevent.Since1986,twelvelethaleventshaveoccurredontheisland.
ABlizzard
Ablizzardisaseverweatherconditioncharacterizedbylowtemperaturesandstrongwinds,greaterthan15milesperhour,bearingagreatamountofsnow.
Becausethefactorsforclassifyingwinterstormsarecomplex,therearemanydifferentdefinitionsofwhatablizzardtrulyis.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatinordertobeclassifiedasablizzard,asopposedtomerelyawinterstorm,theweathermustmeetseveralconditions.Thestormmustdecreasevisibilitytoaquarterofamileforthreehoursrunning.Includesnoworiceasprecipitation,andhavewindspeedofatleast32milesperhour,whichmeansForce7ormoreontheWindScale.
Anotherstandard,accordingtoEnvironmentCanada,isthatthewinterstormmusthavewindsof40kilometersperhourormi=ore,plentyofsnow,visibilitylessthan1kilometer,atemperatureoflessthan-25degreesCelsius,andalloftheseconditionsmustlastfor4hoursormore,beforethestormcanproperlybecalledablizzard.
Whenalltheseconditionscontinueaftersnowhasstoppedfalling,thestormisreferredtoasagroundblizzard.
Anextensiveformofblizzardisawhiteout,whenthedowndrafts,togetherwithsnowfall,becomesoseverthatitisimpossibletodistinguishthegroundfromtheair.Peoplecaughtinawhiteoutcanquicklybecomedisoriented,losingtheirsenseofupanddownaswellastheirsenseofdirection.Severeblizzardcanalsooccuralongwitharcticcyclones.
SOHO
Themodernconceptofsmallofficeandhomeoffice,orsmallandhomeoffice,often(S1)shortedtoSOHO,isconcernedwithbusinessthatemployfromonetotenworkers.Also(S2)knownasavirtualbusiness,theSOHOhasnotevolvedbeyondtheideaofan(S3)independentbusinesspersonwhohasafewsupportstallmembers.
Business(S4)enterprisesthatarelargeareoftencalledSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises.
Beforethe19thcenturyandthe(S5)spreadoftheindustrialrevolutionaroundtheglobe,(S6)nearlyallofficesweresmallofficesorhomeoffices,withonlyafewexceptions.Mostbusinessesweresmall,and(S7)sowastheamountofpaperworkthatwentwiththeirbusinessactivities.
Attheendofthe20thcenturyandthebeginningofthe21st,theterm“Smallor
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