职称英语考试阅读判断卫生类C级Word文件下载.docx
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职称英语考试阅读判断卫生类C级Word文件下载.docx
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Smokingwillbebannedinallpubs,clubsandworkplacesfromnextyearafterhistoricvotesintheCommonslastnight.Afterlast-minuteappealsfromhealthcampaigners,MPsoptedforablanketprohibitionwhichwillstartinsummer2007,endingmonthsofargumentoverwhethersmokersshouldbebarredinpubsandrestaurantsonly.Theyvotedtobansmokinginallpubsandclubsby384to184,asurprisinglylargemajorityof200.
Smokingwillstillbeallowedinthehomeandinplacesconsideredtobehomes,suchasprisons,carehomesandhotels.
Smokerslightingupinbannedareaswillfaceafixedpenalitynoticeof£50andspotfinesof£200willbeintroducedforfailingtodisplayno-smokingsigns,withthepossiblepenalty,iftheissuegoestocourt,increasingto£1,000.
CarplineFlint,thePublicHealthMinister,alsoannouncedthatthefineforfailingtostoppeoplesmokinginbannedareaswouldbeincreasedto£2,500-morethantentimesthe£200originallyproposed.上学吧视频超市
TheBillalsoallowstheGovernmenttoincreasetheageforbuyingcigarettes.Ministerswillconsultonraisingitfrom16to18.
TheBillnowgoestotheLordsbutwillbethroughbythesummerrecess.
EvenaplantoallowsmokingtocontinueinprivateclubswasthrownoutasMPsonallsidesweregivenpermissiontovotewiththeirconscienceratherthanonapartyline.
PatriciaHewitt,theHealthSecretary,saidtheHealthBillwouldbansmokingin“virtuallyeveryenclosedpublicplaceandworkplace”inEnglandandsavethousandsoflivesayear.Smoke-freeworkplacesandpublicplaces“willbecomethenorm”。
上学吧视频超市
Shesaid:
“Anadditional600,000peoplewillgiveupsmokingasaresultofthislawandmillionsmorewillbeprotectedfromsecond-handsmoke.”PeterHollins,director-generaloftheBritishHeartFoundation,said:
“Thevoteisalandmarkvictoryforthepublichealthofthiscountryandwillsavethelivesofmanypeople.”
1.Abanonsmokinginallpubs,clubsandworkplaceswillbegininsummer2007.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
2.Thelawdoesn‘tseemtoapplytoofficials.
3.Onecanneverthelesssmokeathome.
4.ThereisapossibilityfortheGovernmenttoraisetheageforbuyingcigarettes.
5.TheGovernmentwillshutdowncigarettefactoriesinlargenumbers.
6.TheGovernmentwilldefinitelyimposeamuchheaviertaxontobacco.上学吧视频超市
7.TheGovernmentwilltakenecessarymeasurestohelpsmokersgiveupsmoking.
参考答案
1.C 2.A 3.E 4.D 5.B 6.E 7.C
TheScienceofPersuasion
Ifleadershipconsistsofgettingthingsdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader'
sessentialtools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothecharismatic(有魅力的)andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,though,experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopletoconcede,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.上学吧视频超市
Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilartothemthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,askpeerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethem,aswell.Soit'
sworththetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It'
ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydodeferto(服从)experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit'
sself-evident.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit'
sscarce;
itfollows,then,thatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.
16Experimentshaveconfirmedtheassumptionofmanyexecutives.
ARight BWrong CNotmentioned
17Peoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.
ARight BWrong CNotmentioned
18Managersdonotemploythosewhoarequitedifferentfromthem.上学吧视频超市
ARight BWrong CNotmentioned
19Thereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.
20Experimentshaveshownthat,contrarytoourexpectation,peopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.
21Thereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.
22Exclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyknowndata.
参考答案:
16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B 21.C 22.A
Norwich
Norwich,thecapitalofthepartofBritainknownasEastAnglia,hasbeeninexistenceformorethantwothousandyears.ItbeganasasmallvillagebesidetheRiverWensum.AtthetimeoftheNormaninvasionin1066ithadgrowntobecomeoneofthelargesttownsinEngland.上学吧视频超市
Withtwocathedralsandamosque(清真寺),Norwichhaslongbeenapopularcentreforvariousreligions.Thefirstcathedralwasbuiltin1095andhasrecentlycelebratedits900thanniversary,whileNorwichitselfhadayearofcelebrationin1994tomarkthe800thanniversaryofthecityreceivingaRoyalCharter.Thisallowedittobecalledacityandtogovernitselfindependently.上学吧视频超市
Today,incomparisonwithplaceslikeLondonorManchester,Norwichisquitesmall,withapopulationofaround150,000,butinthe16thcenturyNorwichwasthesecondlargestcityofEngland.Itcontinuedtogrowforthenext300yearsandgotricherandricher,becomingfamousforhavingasmanychurchesasthereareweeksintheyearandasmanypubsastherearedaysintheyear.
Nowadays,therearefarfewerchurchesandpubs,butin1964theUniversityofEastAngliawasbuiltinNorwich.Withitsfast-growingstudentpopulationanditssuccessasamoderncommercialcentre(NorwichisthebiggestcentreforinsuranceservicesoutsideLondon),thecitynowhasawidechoiceofentertainment:
theatres,cinemas,nightclubs,busycafes,excellentrestaurants,andanumberofartsandleisurecentres.Thereisalsoafootballteam,whosecoloursaregreenandyellow.Theteamisknownas"
TheCanaries(金丝雀)"
thoughnobodycanbesurewhy.上学吧视频超市
Nowthecity'
sattractionsincludeanotherimportantdevelopment,amodernshoppingcentrecalled'
TheCastleMall'
.ThepeopleofNorwichlivedwithaverylargeholeinthemiddleoftheircityforovertwoyears,asbuildersdugupthemaincarpark.LorriesmovednearlyamilliontonsofearthsothattheroofoftheMallcouldbecomeacitycentrepark,withattractivewaterpoolsandhundredsoftrees.Butthelocalpeoplearereallypleasedthattheoldopenmarketremains,rightintheheartofthecityandnexttothenewdevelopment.Bothareascontinuetodogoodbusiness,provingthatNorwichhasmanagedtomixthebestoftheoldandthenew.
16TheRiverWensumflowsbyNorwich
17PeoplehavelivedbytheRiverWensumforatleast2,000years
18Norwichhasbeenacitysinceitsfirstcathedralwasbuilt
19NorwichhasalwaysbeenoneofthesmallestEnglishcities
20ThenumberofforeignstudentsinNorwichhasbeenincreasingsince1964.上学吧视频超市
21Thefootballteamiscalled"
TheCanaries"
becauseofthecolourstheplayerswear.
22Ittookmorethantwoyearstobuild"
TheCastleMall"
16.A 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.C 21.B 22.A
LookAfterYourVoice上学吧视频超市
Oftenspeakersatameetingexperiencedrymouthsandaskforaglassofwater.Youcansolvetheproblembyactivatingthesalivainyourmouth.Firstgentlybitetheedgesofyourtonguewithyourteeth.Or,pressyourentiretonguetothebottomofyourmouthandholditthereuntilthesalivaflow.Oryoucanimaginethatyouareslicingabigjuicylemonandsuckingthejuice.
Beforeyoubeginyourtalk,bekindtoyourvoice,Avoidmilkorcreamydrinkswhichcoatyourthroat.Keenyourthroatwetbydrinkingalittlesweetenedwarmteaordilutedfruitjuice.
Ifyousensethatyouarelosingyourvoice,stoptalkingcompletely.Saveyourvoiceforyourspeech.Youmayfeelfoolishusingpapertowritenotes,butthebestthingyoucandoistorestyourvoice.Ifyouneedtoseeadoctor,perhapsyoucangetsomeadvicefromaprofessionalsinger.Inthemeantime,donoteventalkinalowvoice.上学吧视频超市
Whataboutdrinkingalcoholtowetyourthroat?
Iadviseyounottotouchalcoholbeforespeaking.Theproblemwithalcoholisthatonedrinkgivesyoualittleconfidence.Theseconddrinkgivesyouevenmoreconfidence.Finallyyouwillfeelall-powerfulandyouwillfeelyoucandoeverything,butinfactyourbrainandyourmouthdonotworktogetherproperly.Savethealcoholuntilafteryoufinishspeaking.
Perhapsyouwanttoaccepttheadvice,butyoumaywonderifyoucaneverchangethehabitsofalifetime.Ofcourseyoucan.Goethe,wholivedbeforeindoorskatingrinkso
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