Beer Game 啤酒游戏Word下载.docx
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Beer Game 啤酒游戏Word下载.docx
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computerizedversionoftheBeerGametomakeiteasiertoplaytheBeerGame,aswellastoillustratecertainSupplyChainManagementissueswhichcannotbedemonstratedbythetraditional(non-computerized)BeerGame.
Thisgameisdistributedwiththetextbook"
DesigningandManagingtheSupplyChain"
byD.Simchi-Levi,P.Kaminsky,andE.Simchi-Levi.
2.TheScenario
TheBeerGameisasimulation,inwhichyou,theplayer,arefacedwiththefollowingscenario:
Inthisexercise,youwillbefacedwiththefollowingscenario:
Considerasimplifiedbeersupplychain,consistingofasingleretailer,asinglewholesalerwhichsuppliestheretailer,asingledistributorwhichsuppliesthewholesaler,andasinglefactorywithunlimitedrawmaterialswhichmakes(brews)thebeerandsuppliesthedistributor.
Eachcomponentinthesupplychainhasunlimitedstoragecapacity,andthereisafixedsupplyleadtimeandorderdelaytimebetweeneachcomponent.
Eachweek,eachcomponentinthesupplychaintriestomeetthedemandofthedownstream
component.
Anyorderswhichcannotbemetarerecordedasbackorders,andmetassoonas
possible.
Noorderswillbeignored,andallordersmusteventuallybemet.
Ateachperiod,eachcomponentinthesupplychainischargeda$1.00shortagecostperbackordereditem.
Also,ateachperiod,eachcomponentownstheinventoryatthatfacility.
Inaddition,thewholesalerownsinventoryintransittotheretailer,andthedistributorownsinventoryintransittothewholesaler,andthefactoryownsbothitemsbeingmanufacturedanditemsintransittothedistributor.
Eachlocation.ischarged$.50inventoryholdingcostperinventoryitemthatitowns.
Also,eachsupplychainmemberorderssomeamountfromitsupstreamsupplier.
Ittakesoneweekforthisordertoarriveatthesupplier.
Oncetheorderarrives,thesupplierattemptstofillitwithavailableinventory,andthereisanadditionaltwoweektransportationdelaybeforethematerialbeingshippedbythesupplierarrivesatthecustomerwhoplacedtheorder.
Thegoaloftheretailer,wholesaler,distributor,andfactory,istominimizetotalcost,eitherindividually,orforthesystem.
3.RunningtheSimulation
NOTE:
WehaveattemptedtomakethecomputerizedversionoftheBeerGamefaithfultotheoriginalversion.
Becauseofthis,thesequenceofevents,particularlythoserelatingtoshippingandorderprocessingdelays,isabitcomplicated.
Acarefulreadingofthedescriptionbelowwillmakethegameclearerandmoreintuitive.
WhentheBeerGameisstarted,thefollowingscreenappears:
Figure1:
BeerGameInterface
Inthissimulation,youtaketheroleofamanagerofoneofthecomponentsofthebeersupplychain,eithertheretailer,thesupplier,thedistributor,orthefactory.Thiswillbecalledtheinteractiverole.
Thecomputertakestheremainingroles.
Onthegamedisplay,theinteractiveroleisdisplayedincolor,andtheremainingrolesaredisplayedingray.
Also,theinformationfortheinteractiverolesisdisplayedbuttheinformationforotherrolesishidden(withtheexceptionofbackorderatthesupplychainmemberimmediatelyupstreamfromtheinteractivesupplychainmember).
Intheexamplescreendisplayedabove,thedistributoristheinteractiverole.
Also,bydownstream,wemeanthedirectionofthesupplychainleadingtotheexternaldemand,andbyupstream,wemeaninthedirectionofthefactory.
Inaddition,werefertocomponentsofthesupplychainasfacilities.
Orderofevents:
thesimulationisrunasaseriesofweeks.
Withineachweek,firsttheretailer,thenthewholesaler,thenthedistributor,andfinallythefactory,executesthefollowingseriesofevents,asthesimulationproceedsupstream:
Step1.
ThecontentsofDelay2ismovedtoDelay1,andtheCONTENTSofDelay1ismovedtoinventory.
Delay2is0atthispoint.
Step2.
Ordersfromtheimmediatedownstreamfacility(orinthecaseoftheretailer,externalcustomers)arefilledtotheextentpossible.
Rememberthatanorderconsistsofthecurrentorder,andallaccumulatedbackorders.
Remainingorders(equaltocurrentinventoryminusthesumofthecurrentordersandbackorder)
arebacklogged,tobemetassoonaspossible.
Exceptforretailers,whichshipordersoutsidethesystem,theordersarefilledtotheDelay2locationoftheimmediatedownstreamfacility.
Thisisthestartofthetwoweekdelay.
Step3.Inventoryandbackordercostsarecalculated.
Step4.
Ordersareplaced.
Ifthisistheinteractiverole,theuserindicatesthedesiredorderamount.
Ifthisisoneoftheautomaticroles,thecomputerplacesanorderusingoneofseveraltypicalinventorycontrolschemes.
DelaysandOrderFilling:
Notethatthissequenceofeventsimpliesseveralthings.
First,onceanupstreamfacilityfillsanorder,thereisatwoperioddelaybeforethismaterialcanbeusedtofilladownstreamorder.
Also,thereisaoneperiodorderdelay.
Thismeansthatif,forexample,theretailerplacesanorderfor5unitsinthisperiod,thewholesalerdoesnotevenattempttofilltheorderuntilnextperiod.
Thisperiod,thewholesalerattemptstofilltheorderfromthepreviousperiod.
Thiscanbeconsideredaoneperiodorderprocessinglag.
Thus,thereisatotalofthreeperiodsofdelaysbetweenwhenafacilityplacesandorder,andwhentheresultsofthatorderarriveininventory.
Also,recallthatthereisnoguaranteethatanorderwillbemet,evenwiththatthreeperiodlag.
Anupstreamsuppliercanonlyfillanorderifithasthenecessaryinventory.Otherwise,itwillbacklogthatorder,andattempttofillitassoonaspossible.
Theexceptiontothisisthefactory.
Thereisnoproductioncapacitylime,sothefactory'
sorderwillalwaysbefilledinitsentiretyaftertheappropriatedelay.
4.UnderstandingtheScreen
Eachfacilityinthesupplychainisrepresentedonthedisplay.
Asanexample,theDistributorisdisplayedbelow:
Ontheleft,thenumberofitemsininventoryisdisplayed.
Thenexttwoelements(goingfromlefttoright)representitemsintransittoinventory,thatis,thenumbersintheboxlabeledDelay1representthenumberofitemswhichwillarriveininventoryinoneweek,andsimilarlyforDelay2.
Theboxontherightlists
(1)thetotalinventoryandshortagecostuptothecurrenttime;
(2)thebackorder,thatis,thedemandswhichhavebeenreceivedatthisfacility,butnotyetmetduetolackofinventory;
and(3)themostrecentorderplacedbythisfacility,inthisexampletheDistributor,toitsupstreamfacility,inthisexampletheFactory.
Notethatinthiscase,backorderreferstoordersreceivedbytheDistributor
notyetmetfrominventory.
TofindouttheordersplacedbytheDistributorwhichhavebeenbacklogged,thatis,notyetmetbythefactory,checkthebackorderattheFactory.
Also,theboxrecentorderdisplayedhererepresentsthemostrecentordersentbytheDistributortotheFactory.
Thereisaoneweeklagbeforethisorderarrivesattheupstreamsupplier.
5.PlayingtheGame
Tostartthegame,selectStartfromthePlaymenu,orpushthestartbuttononthetoolbar.
Thecomputerwillautomaticallyplaythefirstroundfortheautomaticfacilitiesdownstreamfromtheinteractivefacility.
Forexample,iftheDistributoristheinteractivefacility,thecomputerwillplayfortheRetailerandtheWholesaler,inthatorder.Oncethisiscompleted,thefirstroundfortheinteractivefacilityisplayed.
Stepsoneandtwo(advanceinventoriesandfillorders,describedinthesectionlabeledOrderofActivities)arecompleted.
Atthispoint,inventorynumbersareupdatedonthescreen,andtheOrderEntrydialogboxappears.Thescreenlooksasfollows:
Figure2:
Thefirstroundofthegame
Examinethisscreenindetail.
Recall(youcanseethisfromthepreviousscreenshot,onpage2)thattheinitialinventorywas4,andbothDelay1and
Delay2contained4units.
Thisholdstrueforeachofthesupplychainfacilities.Now,stepsoneandtwohavebeencompleted.
AsyoucanseefromtheOrderEntrydialogbox,thereisinitiallynobackorderandnoorderfromtheWholesaler.
Sincethestartinginventorywas8(theinitial4plus4fromDelay1),8remainininventory.
Delay2isnowempty.
Thisisthefirstround,sotherearenopreviousordersfromtheDistributortotheFactory,sotherecentorderboxread0.
However,itthiswasalaterround,andtherewasaorderplacedbytheDistributortotheFactory
inthepreviousround,itwouldappearintherecentorderbox.
TheOrderEntrydialogboxindicateshowmuchtotalbackorderandorderwasfacedbytheinteractiveplayer(again,inourexample,theDistributor)inthisround,andhowmuchofitwassuccessfullyfilled.Notethatthebackorderbox(indicatedbyanarrowinthefigureabove)ontherightsideofthescreenindicatesthecurrentlevelofbackorder,whilethisdialogboxshowsthelevelofbackorderatthebeginningofthisround,beforetheplayer(inthiscase,theDistributor)attemptedtofilldownstreamorders(inthiscase,fromtheWholesaler).
Atthispoint,enterademandamount.
Thiscanbezero,oranyotherinteger.
Rememberthatyouaretryin
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