科技汉语常用动词的英译法Word格式.docx
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科技汉语常用动词的英译法Word格式.docx
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Countlessfactshaveprovedthispoint.无数事实证明了这一点。
⑤证实:
confirm,verify,support
remaintobeconfirmed有待证实
verifyascientifichypothesis
Itsupportsthefactthat....
Equation(1-7)canbeeasilyverifiedbydifferentiatingequation(1-6).
9.2获得,得到,得出结论
①获得:
“获得”的宾语多是抽象的事物。
winliberation
winthefirstprize
win/acclaim/earnfavourablecomment获得好评
achievegreatsuccess
acquireknowledge
Inordertoobtainahighertemperatureitisnecessarytoraisethepressure.
②得到:
“得到”的宾语多是具体的东西。
get,obtain,gain
gettimelymedicaltreatment
Bystudyingthesketch,wecangetanideaoftheoperationofasimplelaser.研究一下简图,我们就能对简单激光器的操作得到一个概念。
③得出结论:
reach/draw/form/makeaconclusion
cometoaconclusion
arriveataconclusion
conclude
Whatconclusiondidyoudrawfromtheinvestigation?
Theyconcludedafterinvestigationthatthisregionwasnotpoorinoil.
9.3构成,组成,包括
①构成:
form,constitute,compose,makeup
②组成:
form,makeup,compose,constitute
③包括:
include,comprise,consistof,incorporate
应注意以下几点:
①如果主语是构成的整体,compose要用被动语态;
如果主语是构成整体的部分,compose要用主动语态:
误:
Theseamainlycomposeswaterandsalt.
正:
Theseaismainlycomposedofwaterandsalt.
②Hydrogenandoxygenmakewater.
③Everyfivepersonsconstituteagroup.
④Thepresidiumconsistsof148delegates.主席团由148人组成。
⑤consistof表示“由……组成”,consist是不及物动词,虽然在汉语看来像被动语态,但在英语却是主动语态。
由于此词是不及物动词,不能用被动语态。
⑥comprise是一个双重含义的动词,其主语既可以是构成的整体,也可以是构成的部分,此词不用被动语态。
Ourcourseofstudycomprisesfivesubjects.或者:
Fivesubjectscompriseourcourseofstudy.
9.4利用,使用,应用
①利用:
use,makeuseof,employ,exploit,utilize
Newtechnologymustbedevelopedtoexploitthenewresources.
Makefulluseofthelatestachievementinscienceandtechnology.
②使用:
use,makeuseof,employ
Thenewmachinehascomeintouse.“comeintouse”行为的主体是物。
Thenewmachinehasbeenputintouse/operation.“putintouse”行为的主体是人。
③应用:
apply(+to)
appliedscience应用科学
applytheorytopractice
9.5检查,检验,试验
①检查:
examine
checkup,lookover
Steamlinesshouldbecheckedforcorrosion.
Lookoveryourexercisesbeforehandingthemin.
②检验:
test,inspect,judge
Strictlyexaminethequalityoftheproducts.
Tointerpretelectricalphenomenawemustexaminethestructureofmatter.
③试验:
试:
try
验:
test
Hetriedhisnewmethodonoxygen.他用氧试验他的新方法。
Apushedlasersystemhasbeentestedonasatellite.
9.6查,查对,查明,查阅
①查:
1)查字典:
lookup,readup,consult,findout
lookupadictionary
lookupawordinadictionary
正:
consultadictionary
2)查资料:
readuptheliterature
Findoutthecauseoftheaccident!
②查对:
check,verify
checkthedata
verified/examinedandfoundcorrect
③查明:
prove,findout
findoutthetruth
Ithasbeenestablishedthat.../Investigationrevealsthat...
findouthowsomethingstartedanddeveloped查明某事的来龙去脉
④查阅:
consulttechnicaldata/lookuptechnicalliterature
Helookedthroughanumberofjournals.
9.7完成,完结,完工
①完成:
complete,beready,accomplish,fulfil,finish
completeone’smission
accomplishatask
fulfilthestateplan
②完结:
end,beover,finish
Thisisnottheendofthematter.
③完工:
completeaproject,finishingdoingsth.,getthrough
Ittookonlyonemonthtocompletethebridge.
finishapieceofwriting/completethemanuscript
9.8讨论,商量,商榷,探讨
①讨论:
discusssth.(talksth.overwithsb.)
Electricityproductionisdiscussedlaterindetail.
②商量:
consultsb.,talksth.overwithsb.
Consultthemasseswhenmattersarise.有事与群众商量。
WeoughttotalkitoverwithMr.Smith.
③商榷:
discuss,deliberatewithsb.oversth.
Thispointisopentoquestion.这一点值得商榷。
HereareafewpointsIwishtodiscusswithyou.
④探讨:
look/enquire/probe/gointo,approach
approachasubjectfromdifferentangles
9.9提出,提议,建议
①提出:
i)提出一种新理论:
putforward
suggest/proposeanewtheory+同位语从句
advance/develop
formulate
In1733,CharlesDuFayadvancedthetheorythatthereweretwokindsofelectricity—knownas“positive”and“negative”.
ii)提出问题
putforward
bringup
advanceaquestion/problem/point/subject
raise
present
Mr.Chairman,I’dliketobringupthequestionofthereorganizationofthecommittee.
②提议:
purpose,suggest,move要注意其宾语从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。
Hesuggestedthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.
Weproposedthatthehouse(should)berepaired.
Iproposeatoasttothefriendshipbetweenthepeoplesofthetwocountries.
③建议:
propose,suggest,recommend
常用句型如下:
I’dliketomakeasuggestionthat...
Letmesuggestthat...
Iwouldrecommend...
Ithasbeensuggestedthat...
Itwouldbeadvisablethat...
Itwouldbeadvisabletodo...
9.10转变,改变
①转变:
change,convert,transform
Transferoneformofenergyintoanother
changeone’sstand转变某人立场
②改变:
change,alter,vary,transform
alter—某物外观或用途上作轻微的修改
vary——系列的变化
modify—指修改,强调目的性
Wecanalterthecharacteristicsofsteelinvariousway.
Velocitychangesifthequantityordirectionoftheforcechanges.
Thepressureoftheatmospherevariesallthetime.
9.11放大,扩大
①放大:
enlarge—用于尺寸大小的放大
amplify—多用于音量的放大
magnify—事物事实增大
tohaveaphotoenlarged
convexlensesmagnify凸透镜能放大
②扩大:
extend—指状况的放大,用于抽象的事物
expand—用于面积、体积等方面的扩大
tohelptoextendourvision,weneedopticalinstruments.
extendpoliticalinfluence
expandtheareaundercultivation扩大耕地面积
9.12减少,减小,缩短
①减少:
reduce,decrease
reducenonproductiveexpenditure减少非生产性开支
Therehasbeenadecreaseintrafficaccidents.
Properlubricationdiminishesfrictiongreatly.
②缩小:
reduce,contract
reducethescope
graduallyreducethedistinctionbetweentownandcountry
Allmetalsexpandwithheatandcontractwithcold.
③缩短:
reduce,cut,shorten
缩短学制:
shortentheperiodofschooling
缩短距离:
reducethedistance
把报告缩短一半:
cutthereportdowntohalfitslength
9.13代替,代入
①代替:
replace,substitutefor,taketheplaceof,instead
WecanreplaceBby/withA.
WecansubstituteBby/withA.
WecansubstituteAforB.
这三句都是:
我们可用A代替B。
Instead是副词,insteadof是复合介词
Itwouldbebothfoolhardyandfutiletotrytolearnthechemistryofeachofthemillionsuponmillionsofindividualorganiccompoundsnowknowntoexist.Insteadwefocusourattentiononthefunctionalgroupsthatformthereactiveportionsoftheirmolecularstructures.
Allnaturallyoccurringfatsandoilsareestersoffairlycomplexmolecularstructures.We’llstartinsteadwithasmileester,ethylacetate.
Heistired,letmegoinstead.
Hewillgoinsteadofyou.
Theywentthereonfootinsteadofbybus.
②代入:
substitute,insert,put
Substitutingequation(1-8)intotheaboveexpressionwefinallyobtain...
Inserting3into2,weget...把式3代入式2就得……
9.14认为,考虑
①认为:
think,consider
i)thinkabout对……怎么想,有什么看法
Readthisletterandtellmewhatyouthinkaboutit.
Idon’tcarewhatotherpeoplethinkaboutme.
ii)thinkof想起,有时与thinkabout同义
Iknowthepersonyoumention,butIcannotthinkofhisname.
Thereareanumberofthingstobethoughtofbeforewecometoadecision.
iii)thinkover仔细考虑
Iwillthinkoveryoursuggestionsandletyouknowmydecisioninadayortwo.
iv)thinkout想出
Weshoulddonothinguntilwehavethoughtoutaplanofcampaign.
consider
i)consider...as/tobe认为……是,把……看作
Wealwaysconsiderher(as)hisrealmother.
WeconsiderMarkevitch(tobe)thefinestbaseballplayeralivetoday.
ii)consider/think+从句认为
Iconsider/thinkthatMarkevitchisthefinestbaseballplayeralivetoday.
②考虑:
consider,deem,hold,maintain,take...intoaccount
Wehaveconsideredyoursuggestionanddecidedtoadoptit.
Weareconsideringreorganizing(howtoreorganize)theproductionprocess.
Wemaintainthat...我们坚持认为……
Haveyoutakenthisaspectofthematterintoaccount?
9.15看成,看出;
看来
①看成,看作:
lookupon...as
regard...as
take...for(贬义,含有“错以为……”之意)
Whatdoyoutakemefor?
你把我看成什么人了?
Youhavetakenaminorquestionforamajorone.你把次要问题看作主要问题了。
②看出:
看出问题在哪里:
seewherethetroubleis
可以看出:
Itcanbeseen/observedthat...
都能看出:
asweallcansee
从上文可以看出:
asisclearfortheforgoing
从图中可以看出:
as(canbe)seenfromthefigure
③看来:
itseems/appears,itlookasif
Theproblemseemsverycomplicated.
Heappearstoknoweverything.
Itlooksasifwewillbeabletofinishthejobtoday.
9.16描述,阐述,解释
①描述:
describe
describeingreatdetail
Wavesaredescribedintermsoftheiramplitudes.
②阐述或论述:
expound,elaborate,setforth,makeanexpositionof
Thenewtheoryhesetforthhadanimmenseeffectuponthedevelopmentofscience.
Inthischapterweshallfirstgiveaconcisesurveyof...
本章里我们先简单地阐述一下……
③解释:
explain,interpret,
explainanewword
Whatheexplainedwasaboutthesubjectmatterofthenextexperimentonphysics.
9.17发现。
发明,创造,创立
①发现:
find,discover
Haveyoufoundthebookyouwerelookingfor?
Wefoundhimagoodsoldier.
Wefoundhimstandingatthegate.
Wefoundthatthemethodworked.
findout与find不同,前者表示经过努力调
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