新视野大学英语读写教程2课文原文Word格式.docx
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新视野大学英语读写教程2课文原文Word格式.docx
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wealsochargeforit.Itisapreciousresource.
Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.
Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson'
shourglass,theycannotbereplaced.
Wewanteveryminutetocount.
Aforeigner'
sfirstimpressionoftheUSislikelytobethat
everyoneisinarush—oftenunderpressure.Citypeoplealwaysappeartobehurryingtogetwheretheyaregoing,
restlesslyseekingattentioninastore,orelbowingothersastheytrytocompletetheirshopping.
Racingthroughdaytimemealsispartofthepaceoflifeinthiscountry.Workingtimeisconsideredprecious.Othersinpubliceating-placesarewaitingforyoutofinishsothey,too,canbeservedandgetbacktoworkwithinthetimeallowed.Youalsofinddriverswillbeabruptandpeoplewillpushpastyou.Youwillmisssmiles,briefconversations,andsmallexchangeswithstrangers.
Don'
ttakeitpersonally.Thisisbecausepeoplevaluetimehighly,andtheyresentsomeoneelse"
wasting"
itbeyondacertainappropriatepoint.
ManynewarrivalsintheStateswillmisstheopeningexchangesofabusinesscall,forexample.
Theywillmisstheritualinteractionthatgoeswithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffeethatmaybeaconventionintheirowncountry.Theymaymissleisurelybusinesschatsinarestaurantorcoffeehouse.
Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverextendedsmalltalk;
muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner,oraroundonthegolfcoursewhiletheydevelopasenseoftrust.
Sincewegenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly.
Timeis,therefore,alwaystickinginourinnerear.
Consequently,weworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime.Weproduceasteadyflowoflabor-savingdevices;
wecommunicaterapidlythroughfaxes,phonecallsoremailsratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts,whichthoughpleasant,takelonger—
especiallygivenourtraffic-filledstreets.
We,therefore,savemostpersonalvisitingforafter-workhoursorforsocialweekendgatherings.
Toustheimpersonalityofelectroniccommunicationhaslittleornorelationtothesignificanceofthematterathand.
Insomecountriesnomajorbusinessisconductedwithouteyecontact,requiringface-to-faceconversation.InAmerica,too,afinalagreementwillnormallybesignedinperson.
However,peoplearemeetingincreasinglyontelevisionscreens,conducting"
teleconferences"
tosettleproblemsnotonlyinthiscountrybutalso—bysatellite—internationally.
TheUSisdefinitelyatelephonecountry.Almosteveryoneusesthetelephonetoconductbusiness,tochatwithfriends,tomakeorbreaksocialappointments,tosay"
Thankyou"
toshopandtoobtainallkindsofinformation.Telephonessavethefeetandendlessamountsoftime.
Thisisduepartlytothefactthatthetelephoneserviceissuperbhere,whereasthepostalserviceislessefficient.
Somenewarrivalswillcomefromcultureswhereitisconsideredimpolitetoworktooquickly.
Unlessacertainamountoftimeisallowedtoelapse,itseemsintheireyesasifthetaskbeingconsideredwereinsignificant,notworthyofproperrespect.
Assignmentsare,consequently,givenaddedweightbythepassageoftime.
IntheUS,however,itistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblem,orfulfillajobsuccessfully,withspeed.
Usually,themoreimportantataskis,themorecapital,energy,andattentionwillbepouredintoitinorderto"
getitmoving"
.
PassageBCultureShock
Doyouthinkstudyinginadifferentcountryissomethingthatsoundsveryexciting?
Areyoulikemanyyoungpeoplewholeavehometostudyinanothercountrythinkingyouwillhavelotsoffun?
Certainly,itisanewexperience,whichbringstheopportunitytodiscoverfascinatingthingsandafeelingoffreedom.
Inspiteoftheseadvantages,however,therearealsosomechallengesyouwillencounter.
Becauseyourviewsmayclashwiththedifferentbeliefs,norms,valuesandtraditionsthatexistindifferentcountries,
youmayhavedifficultyadjustingtoanewcultureandtothosepartsoftheculturenotfamiliartoyou.Thisiscalled"
cultureshock"
Atleastfouressentialstagesofadjustmentoccurduringcultureshock.
Thefirststageiscalled"
thehoneymoon"
.Inthisstage,youareexcitedaboutlivinginadifferentplace,andeverythingseemstobemarvelous.Youlikeeverything,andeverybodyseemstobesonicetoyou.
Also,theamusementoflifeinanewcultureseemstohavenoending.
Eventually,however,thesecondstageofcultureshockappears.
Thisis"
thehostilitystage"
.Youbegintonoticethatnoteverythingisasgoodasyouhadoriginallythoughtitwas.
Youbecometiredofmanythingsaboutthenewculture.Moreover,peopledon'
ttreatyoulikeaguestanymore.Everythingthatseemedtobesowonderfulatfirstisnowawful,
andeverythingmakesyoufeeldistressedandtired.
Usuallyatthispointinyouradjustmenttoanewculture,
youdevisesomedefensemechanismstohelpyoucopeandtoprotectyourselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshock.Onetypeofcopingmechanismiscalled"
repression"
Thishappenswhenyoupretendthateverythingisacceptableandthatnothingbothersyou.Anothertypeofdefensemechanismiscalled"
regression"
.Thisoccurswhenyoustarttoactasifyouareyoungerthanyouactuallyare;
youactlikeachild.Youforgeteverything,andsometimesyoubecomecarelessandirresponsible.Thethirdkindofdefensemechanismiscalled"
isolation"
Youwouldratherbehomealone,andyoudon'
twanttocommunicatewithanybody.
Withisolation,youtrytoavoidtheeffectsofcultureshock,oratleastthat'
swhatyouthink.
Isolationisoneoftheworstcopingmechanismsyoucanusebecauseitseparatesyoufromthosethingsthatcouldreallyhelpyou.Thelasttypeofdefensemechanismiscalled"
rejection"
.Withthiscopingmechanism,youthinkyoudon'
tneedanybody.Youfeelyouarecopingfinealone,soyoudon'
ttrytoaskforhelp.
Thedefensemechanismsyouutilizeinthehostilitystagearenothelpful.Ifyouonlyoccasionallyuseoneofthesecopingmechanismstohelpyourselfsurvive,thatisacceptable.Youmustbecautious,however.Thesemechanismscanreallyhurtyoubecause
theypreventyoufrommakingnecessaryadjustmentstothenewculture.
Afteryoudealwithyourhostilefeelings,recognitionofthetemporarynatureofcultureshockbegins.Thenyoucometothethirdstagecalled"
recovery"
.Inthisstage,youstartfeelingmorepositive,and
youtrytodevelopcomprehensionofeverythingyoudon'
tunderstand.Thewholesituationstartstobecomemorefavorable;
yourecoverfromthesymptomsofthefirsttwostages,andyouadjustyourselftothenewnorms,values,andevenbeliefsandtraditionsofthenewcountry.
Youbegintoseethateventhoughthedistinctionofthecultureisdifferentfromyourown,ithaselementsthatyoucanlearntoappreciate.
Thelaststageofcultureshockiscalled"
adjustment"
.Inthisstage,
youhavereachedapointwhereyouactuallyfeelgoodbecauseyouhavelearnedenoughtounderstandthenewculture.Thethingsthatinitiallymadeyoufeeluncomfortableorstrangearenowthingsthatyouunderstand.
Thisacquisitionofunderstandingalleviatesmuchofthestress.Nowyoufeelcomfortable;
youhaveadjustedtothenewculture.
Cultureshockisnotsomethingyoucanavoidwhenlivinginaforeigncountry.Itdoesnotseemlikeaveryhelpfulexperiencewhenyouaregoingthroughitsfourstages.However,whenyouhavecompletelyadjustedtoanewcultureyoucanmorefullyenjoyit.
Youlearnhowtointeractwithotherpeople,andyoulearnaconsiderableamountaboutlifeinaculturethatisnotyourown.Furthermore,learningaboutotherculturesandhowtoadjusttotheshockoflivinginthemhelpsyoulearnmoreaboutyourself.
Unit2
PassageALearningtheOlympicStandardforLove
NikolaiPetrovichAnikinwasnothalfasintimidatingasIhadimaginedhewouldbe.
No,thissurelywasnottheex-Sovietcoachmyfatherhadshippedmeouttomeet.
ButNikolaihewas,Petrovichandall.Heinvitedmeinsideandsatdownonthecouch,
pattingtheblanketnexttohimtogetmetositnexttohim.Iwassonervousinhispresence.
"
Youareyoung,"
hebeganinhisRussian-styleEnglish."
IfyouliketotryforOlympicGames,Iguessyouwillbeabletodothis.
NaganoOlympicstoosoonforyou,butfor2002inSaltLakeCity,youcouldbeready."
Yes,whynot?
herepliedtotheshockedlookonmyface.
Iwasapromisingamateurskier,butbynomeansthetopskierinthecountry."
Ofcourse,therewillbemanyhardtrainingsessions,andyouwillcry,butyouwillimprove."
Tobesure,therewerecountlesstrainingsessionsfullofpainandmorethanafewtears,butinthefiveyearsthatfollowed
IcouldalwayscountonbeingencouragedbyNikolai'
samusingstoriesandsenseofhumor.
Myfriends,theygointhemovies,theygointhedance,theygooutwithgirls,"
hewouldstart."
ButI,"
hewouldconti
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