英美概况第四周课程Week 4Word格式文档下载.docx
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英美概况第四周课程Week 4Word格式文档下载.docx
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Sendhervictorious,
Happyandglorious,
Longtoreignoverus,
GodsavetheQueen.
Thesecondverseisoccasionallysungaswell:
Thychoicestgiftsinstore
Onherbepleasedtopour,
Longmayshereign.
Mayshedefendourlaws,
Andgiveusevercause,
Tosingwithheartandvoice,
GodsavetheQueen.
6.WhatisthenameoftheNationalAnthemofU.S.A.?
"
TheStar-SpangledBanner"
isthenationalanthemoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
O!
saycanyouseebythedawn'
searlylight
Whatsoproudlywehailedatthetwilight'
slastgleaming.
Whosebroadstripesandbrightstarsthroughtheperilousfight,
O'
ertherampartswewatchedweresogallantlystreaming.
Andtherockets'
redglare,thebombsburstinginair,
Gaveproofthroughthenightthatourflagwasstillthere.
saydoesthatstar-spangledbanneryetwave
erthelandofthefreeandthehomeofthebrave?
7.Whoishe?
PrincePhilip
ThePrincePhilip,DukeofEdinburgh(PhilipposofGreeceandDenmark;
born10June1921)isthehusbandofQueenElizabethIIsince20November1947,andherconsortsince6February1952.
HewasoriginallyaroyalprinceofGreeceandDenmark,QueenElizabethmadePhilipaPrinceoftheUnitedKingdomin1957.
Chapter2:
History
(2)
TheUnitedKingdomisaunitarystateconsistingoffourcountries:
England,NorthernIreland,ScotlandandWales.
Thenamereferstotheunionofwhatoncewereseparatecountries,andtheyareEngland,Scotland,WalesandIreland.TheUKusedtoincludethewholeofIreland,thenin1922,theIrishFreeStatestoppedbeingpartoftheUnion.SonowtheUKonlyincludesNorthernIreland.
GreatBritainismadeupof3partsEngland,ScotlandandWales.Infactit’sthelargestislandinEurope.
TheUKincludeseverything,that’swhytheofficialnameisUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.
UnitedKingdom联合王国
GreatBritain大不列颠
England英格兰
Scotland
苏格兰
Wales威尔士
NorthernIreland北爱尔兰
##Britainmayreferto:
Inpolitics
∙UnitedKingdom,asovereignstate(infull,theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland)
Ingeography:
∙GreatBritain,anislandtothenorthwestofContinentalEurope
TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelandwastheformalnameandthestateformoftheUnitedKingdomfrom1January1801until12April1927.
FollowingIrishindependenceon6December1922,whenthe1921Anglo-IrishTreatycameintoeffect,thenamecontinuedinofficialuseuntilitwaschangedtotheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandbytheRoyalandParliamentaryTitlesActof1927.ThepartoftheislandofIrelandthatsecededfromtheUnitedKingdomin1922istodaytheRepublicofIreland.
EnglandisacountrythatispartoftheUnitedKingdom.Itsinhabitantsaccountformorethan83%ofthetotalUKpopulation,whilstitsmainlandterritoryoccupiesmostofthesoutherntwo-thirdsoftheislandofGreatBritain.
Englandbecameaunifiedstateintheyear927CEandtakesitsnamefromtheAngles,oneoftheGermanictribeswhosettledthereduringthe5thand6thcenturies.
IthashadasignificantculturalandlegalimpactonthewiderworldbeingtheplaceoforiginoftheEnglishlanguage,theChurchofEngland,andEnglishlaw,whichformsthebasisofthecommonlawlegalsystemsofcountriesaroundtheworld.
Inaddition,EnglandwasthebirthplaceoftheIndustrialRevolution,thusbeingthefirstcountryintheworldtoindustrialise.
Englandhastheworld'
soldestparliamentarysystemandconsequently,otherconstitutional,governmentalandlegalinnovationsthatstemmedfromEnglandhavebeenwidelyadoptedbyothernations.
England,ScotlandandWalestogetherwiththeprovinceofNorthernIreland,formthecountryofficiallyknownas"
TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland"
orsimplytheUnitedKingdom.
Theterm"
England"
issometimeserroneouslyusedbybothnativesofEngland(theEnglish)andthoseoutsideourcountrytorefertotheUnitedKingdom.
NativesoftheotherconstituentnationsoftheU.K.findsuchusageoffensive,soitisbestavoided!
Althoughthereisnoadjectiveforthe"
UnitedKingdom"
theterm"
British"
isacceptable,althoughhastobeusedwithcareandsensitivityinNorthernIreland,whereonesectionofthecommunitywouldbehappybeingso-described,whereastheotherwouldmostdefinitelyregardthemselvesas"
Irish"
.
###TheOfficialCoatofArmsoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland
Ontheleft,theshieldissupportedbytheEnglishLion.
OntherightitissupportedbytheUnicornofScotland.
(Theunicornischainedbecauseinmediaevaltimesafreeunicornwasconsideredaverydangerousbeast(onlyavirgincouldtameaunicorn)
TheRoyalArmsweseetodayhaveevolvedoverninecenturies,sinceRichardtheLionheartchosethreelionstorepresentEngland.ThissymbolontheKing'
sshieldwouldimmediatelyidentifyhiminthemidstofbattle.
ShieldoftheUKRoyalArms
ThefirstandfourthquadrantsrepresentEnglandandcontainthreegoldlionspassant(inplainEnglish,threegoldlionswiththeirrightforepawsraisedandtheirheadsfacingtheviewer)onaredfield;
thesecondquadrantrepresentsScotlandcontainsaredlionrampantonagoldfield;
thethirdquadrantrepresentsIrelandandcontainsthegoldharpofIrelandonabluefield.
WhyisWalesnotrepresentedontheshieldandCoatofArms?
WaleswasrecognisedasaPrincipalitybythecreationofthePrinceofWaleslongbeforetheincorporationofthequarteringsforScotlandandIrelandintheRoyalArms.ThearmsofthePrinceofWalesshowthearmsoftheancientPrincipalityinthecentreaswellasthesequarterings.
ThecoatfeaturesboththemottoofBritishMonarchs:
Dieuetmondroit
(Godandmyright)
andthemottooftheOrderoftheGarter:
Honisoitquimalypense
('
Eviltohimwhoevilthinks'
)
onarepresentationoftheGarterbehindtheshield.
TheThreeLionsCrest-AsymbolofEngland
RichardtheLionheart(1189-1199)usedthethreegoldenlions(sometimesdescribedasleopards)ontheirscarletbackgroundasapowerfulsymboloftheEnglishThroneduringthetimeoftheCrusades.
Thecrownedlion,symbolizesEngland;
theunicorn,symbolizesScotland.Accordingtolegendafreeunicornwasconsideredaverydangerousbeast;
thereforetheheraldicunicornischained,aswerebothsupportingunicornsintheRoyalcoatofarmsofScotland.
ThecoatfeaturesboththemottoofEnglishmonarchs,Dieuetmondroit(Godandmyright),andthemottooftheOrderoftheGarter,Honisoitquimalypense(Shamedbehewhothinksillofit)onarepresentationoftheGarterbehindtheshield.
###CoatofArmsoftheUnitedStates
Thesupporteroftheshieldisabaldeaglewithitswingsoutstretched(or"
displayed,"
inheraldicterms).Fromtheeagle'
sperspective,itholdsabundleof13arrowsinitslefttalon,(referringtothe13originalstates),andanolivebranchinitsrighttalon,togethersymbolizingthattheUnitedStatesofAmericahas"
astrongdesireforpeace,butwillalwaysbereadyforwar."
Althoughnotspecifiedbylaw,theolivebranchisusuallydepictedwith13leavesand13olives,againrepresentingthe13originalstates.Theeaglehasitsheadturnedtowardstheolivebranch,saidtosymbolizeapreferenceforpeace.Initsbeak,theeagleclutchesthemottoEpluribusunum("
OutofMany,One"
).Overitsheadthereappearsa"
glory"
with13starsonabluefield.Inthecurrent(andseveralprevious)diesofthegreatseal,the13starsabovetheeaglearearrangedinrowsof1-4-3-4-1,formingasix-pointedstar.
TheBaldEagleisabirdofpreyfoundinNorthAmericathatismostrecognizableasthenationalbirdandsymboloftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
授新课
###TheTudorMonarchy
(1)BriefIntroduction
TheHouseofTudorwasaprominentEuropeanroyalhousethatruledtheKingdomofEnglandanditsrealmsfrom1485until1603.
ItsfirstmonarchHenryTudor,descendedpaternallyfromtherulersoftheWelsh,andmaternallyfromalegitimizedbranchoftheEnglishroyalHouseofLancaster.
TheTudorfamilyrosetopoweraftertheWarsoftheRoses.HenryTudorwasabletoestablishhimselfasacandidatenotonlyofthetraditionalLancastriansupporters,butofdiscontentedsupportersoftherivalHouseofYork,androsetocapturethethroneinbattle.
Hisvictorywasre-inforcedbyhismarraigetoElizabethofYork,symbolicallyunitingtheformerwarringfactionsunderanewdynasty.
{TheTudorRose:
acombinationoftheRedRoseofLancasterandtheWhiteRoseofYork}
TheTudorsextendedtheirpowerbeyondEngland,achievingthefullunionofEnglandandWalesin1542,andsuccessfullyassertingEnglishauthorityovertheKingdomofIreland.
TheTudorlinefailedin1603withthedeathwithoutissueofElizabethIofEngland.
ThroughsecretnegotiationswithhercousinJames,KingofScotland,(whosegreat-grandmotherwasaTudor)ElizabetharrangedthesuccessionoftheHouseofStuarttotheEnglishthrone,unitingtheKingdomsofEnglandandScotlandinapersonalunion.
(2)LineofHouse(王室)ofTudor
HenryVII
HenryVIII
EdwardVI
MaryI
ElizabethI
##HenryVII(1457–1509)
Hew
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