考研英语二真题文档格式.docx
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考研英语二真题文档格式.docx
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1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise[D]However
2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns[D]reduces
3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally
4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining[D]accepting
5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review[D]reach
6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution[D]prediction
7.[A]dueto[B]regardlessof[C]asidefrom[D]alongwith
8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise[D]immediate
9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons[D]methods
10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed
11.[A]report[B]share[C]share[D]share
12.[A]dependon[B]approveof[C]holdonto[D]accountfor
13.[A]prepare[B]share[C]share[D]share
14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules[D]tests
15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry[D]sick
16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief[D]sign
17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision[D]wish
18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting[D]consuming
19.[A]ifbecause[B]unless[C]until[D]consuming
20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphing
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry〞;
rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends--andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable--it'
stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,〞saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary--feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.
Andquilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.SomeKidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:
Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,sheratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharemore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.
“That’sgoodnews,〞Maltisays,“Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.〞
21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp_______.
A.regulateachild’sbasicemotions
B.improveachild’sintellectualability
C.fosterachild’smoraldevelopment
D.intensifyachild’spositivefeelings
22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe_______.
A.deceptive
B.burdensome
C.addictive
D.inexcusable
23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat_______.
A.emotionsarecontext-independent
B.emotionsaresociallyconstructive
C.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth
D.anemotioncanplayopposingroles
24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing_______.
A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt
C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction
D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts
25.Theword“transgressions〞(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_______.
A.teachings
B.discussions
C.restrictions
D.wrongdoings
Text2
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthehardercallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"
carbonsinks"
longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Califormiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate'
sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'
scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.
Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.
Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'
semissions-permitauctions.That'
sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey'
vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.Califormia'
splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.
26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,〞theauthorimpliesthat_________.
A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol
B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming
C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise
D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat
27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,"
wemayneedto__________.
A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem
B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees
C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants
D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity
28.California'
sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto_______.
A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees
B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests
C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsect
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